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Ecuatii si inecuatii de gradul al doilea si reductibile la gradul al ...

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<strong>de</strong> un<strong>de</strong> rezulta ecuatia t2 − 5t + 4 = 0 cu solutiile t1 = 1 <strong>si</strong> t2 = 4. Astfel se obtine tot<strong>al</strong>itatea<br />

<strong>de</strong> ecuatii <strong>de</strong> <strong>gradul</strong> intai<br />

⎡<br />

2x + 1<br />

⎢ = 1,<br />

⎢ x<br />

⎢<br />

⎣ 2x + 1<br />

= 4,<br />

x<br />

cu solutiile x = −1 <strong>si</strong> x = 1<br />

(ambele solutii verifica DVA).<br />

2<br />

b) DVA <strong>al</strong> ecuatiei este R \ {±1}. Se observa, ca x = ±2 nu verifica ecuatia data <strong>si</strong> prin<br />

urmare multiplicand ecuatia cu x2 − 1<br />

x2 se obtine ecuatia echiv<strong>al</strong>enta<br />

− 4<br />

Se noteaza t =<br />

(x − 2)(x − 1)<br />

(x + 1)(x + 2)<br />

(x − 2)(x − 1) + 2)(x + 1)<br />

20 − 5(x + 48 = 0.<br />

(x + 1)(x + 2) (x − 1)(x − 2)<br />

<strong>si</strong> ecuatia <strong>de</strong>vine<br />

20t − 5<br />

t + 48 = 0 sau 20t2 + 48t − 5 = 0<br />

cu solutiile t1 = 1<br />

10 <strong>si</strong> t2 = − 5.<br />

Astfel se obtine tot<strong>al</strong>itatea <strong>de</strong> ecuatii<br />

2<br />

⎡<br />

⎢<br />

⎣<br />

cu solutiile x1 = 3, x2 = 2<br />

(x − 2)(x − 1)<br />

(x + 1)(x + 2)<br />

(x − 2)(x − 1)<br />

(x + 1)(x + 2)<br />

= 1<br />

10 ,<br />

= −5<br />

2 ,<br />

sau<br />

(ambele solutii sunt din DVA).<br />

3<br />

In unele cazuri este comod <strong>de</strong> separat un patrat complet.<br />

Exemplul 11. Sa se rezolve ecuatiile<br />

⎡<br />

⎣ 3x2 − 11x + 6 = 0,<br />

7x 2 + 9x + 14 = 0,<br />

a) x 4 − 2x 3 − x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0;<br />

b) x 2 +<br />

<br />

x 2<br />

= 2.<br />

2x − 1<br />

Rezolvare. a) Se separa un patrat complet<br />

x 4 − 2x 2 · x + x 2 − x 2 − x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0,<br />

(x 2 − x) 2 − 2(x 2 − x) + 1 = 0.<br />

Se noteaza t = x 2 − x <strong>si</strong> se obtine ecuatia patrata<br />

t 2 − 2t + 1 = 0<br />

0 Copyright c○1999 ONG TCV Sco<strong>al</strong>a Virtu<strong>al</strong>a a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md<br />

10

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