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Ecuatii si inecuatii de gradul al doilea si reductibile la gradul al ...

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3 + (−1)<br />

Rezolvare. Se utileaza substitutia t = x+ = x+1 <strong>si</strong> se obtine ecuatia echiv<strong>al</strong>enta<br />

2<br />

in t:<br />

(t + 2) 4 + (t − 2) 4 = 82<br />

sau<br />

t 4 + 8t 3 + 24t 2 + 32t + 16 + t 4 − 8t 3 + 24t 2 − 32t + 16 − 82 = 0<br />

<strong>de</strong> un<strong>de</strong> rezulta ecuatia bipatrata<br />

t 4 + 24t 2 − 25 = 0<br />

cu solutia t 2 = 1, <strong>de</strong> un<strong>de</strong> t = ±1 <strong>si</strong> x + 1 = ±1 conduce <strong>la</strong> solutiile x = −2 <strong>si</strong> x = 0.<br />

Ecuatia <strong>de</strong> forma<br />

(x + a)(x + b)(x + c)(x + d) = m (13)<br />

un<strong>de</strong> a + b = c + d.<br />

Acest tip <strong>de</strong> ecuatii se reduce <strong>la</strong> ecuatii <strong>de</strong> <strong>gradul</strong> doi utilizand esenti<strong>al</strong> conditia a+b = c+d.<br />

In a<strong>de</strong>var,<br />

(x + a)(x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab<br />

(x + c)(x + d) = x 2 + (c + d)x + cd = x 2 + (a + b)x + cd<br />

<strong>si</strong> notand x 2 +(a+b)x = t (sau x 2 +(a+b)x+ab = t) se obtine ecuatia patrata (t+ab)(t+cd) = m<br />

(respectiv t(t + cd − ab) = m).<br />

Exemplul 7. Sa se rezolve ecuatia<br />

(x − 2)(x + 1)(x + 4)(x + 7) = 19.<br />

Rezolvare. Se observa ca −2 + 7 = 1 + 4, se grupeaza convenabil<br />

<strong>si</strong> se <strong>de</strong>schid parantezele rotun<strong>de</strong><br />

[(x − 2)(x + 7)] · [(x + 1)(x + 4)] = 19<br />

[x 2 + 5x − 14][x 2 + 5x + 4] = 19.<br />

Se noteaza t = x 2 + 5x − 14, atunci x 2 + 5x + 4 = t + 18 <strong>si</strong> ecuatia <strong>de</strong>vine<br />

t(t + 18) = 19 sau t 2 + 18t − 19 = 0<br />

cu solutiile t = −19 <strong>si</strong> t = 1. Asadar, se obtine tot<strong>al</strong>itatea <strong>de</strong> ecuatii<br />

⎡<br />

⎣ x2 + 5x − 14 = −19,<br />

x 2 + 5x − 14 = 1,<br />

cu solutiile x1,2 = −5 ± √ 5<br />

<strong>si</strong> x3,4 =<br />

2<br />

−5 ± √ 85<br />

.<br />

2<br />

0 Copyright c○1999 ONG TCV Sco<strong>al</strong>a Virtu<strong>al</strong>a a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md<br />

6

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