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Ecuatii si inecuatii de gradul al doilea si reductibile la gradul al ...

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Ecuatia <strong>de</strong> <strong>gradul</strong> <strong>al</strong> <strong>doilea</strong> cu a = 1 se numeste ecuatie patrata redusa <strong>si</strong> se noteaza <strong>de</strong><br />

regu<strong>la</strong><br />

x 2 + px + q = 0 (4)<br />

<strong>si</strong> formulele (2) <strong>si</strong> (3) <strong>de</strong> c<strong>al</strong>cul <strong>al</strong>e radacinilor <strong>de</strong>vin<br />

<strong>Ecuatii</strong>le <strong>de</strong> forma<br />

x1,2 = − p<br />

2 ±<br />

<br />

p 2 − q, (∆ > 0) (5)<br />

2<br />

x1 = x2 = − p<br />

, (∆ = 0). (6)<br />

2<br />

ax 2 + bx = 0, (7)<br />

ax 2 + c = 0. (8)<br />

se numesc ecuatii <strong>de</strong> <strong>gradul</strong> <strong>al</strong> <strong>doilea</strong> incomplete. <strong>Ecuatii</strong>le (7), (8) pot fi rezolvate cu ajutorul<br />

afirmatiei 1 sau <strong>al</strong>tfel, mai <strong>si</strong>mplu:<br />

ax 2 + bx = 0 ⇔ x(ax + b) = 0 ⇔<br />

ax 2 + c = 0 ⇔ x 2 = − c<br />

a ⇔<br />

Exemplul 2. Sa se rezolve ecuatiile<br />

⎡<br />

⎣ x1 = 0;<br />

x2 = − b<br />

a .<br />

⎡ ⎧ <br />

⎪⎨<br />

⎢ x1,2 = ± −<br />

⎢<br />

⎪⎩<br />

⎢<br />

⎣<br />

c<br />

a ,<br />

ac ≤ 0,<br />

<br />

x ∈ ∅,<br />

ac > 0.<br />

a) 2x 2 − 7x = 0; b) 9x 2 − 25 = 0; c) √ 2x 2 + 3 = 0.<br />

Rezolvare. a) 2x 2 − 7x = 0 ⇔ x(2x − 7) = 0 ⇔<br />

⎡<br />

⎢<br />

⎣<br />

x1 = 0,<br />

x2 = 7<br />

2 ;<br />

b) 9x 2 − 25 = 0 ⇔ 9x 2 = 25 ⇔ x 2 = 25<br />

9 ⇔ x1,2 = ± 5<br />

3 ;<br />

c) √ 2x 2 + 3 = 0 ⇔ x 2 = − 3 √ 2 , <strong>de</strong> un<strong>de</strong> rezulta ca ecuatia nu are radacini (membrul din<br />

stanga eg<strong>al</strong>itatii este nenegativ, iar cel din dreapta - negativ).<br />

In continuare vom an<strong>al</strong>iza cateva exemple <strong>de</strong> ecuatii ce se reduc <strong>la</strong> rezolvarea ecuatiilor <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>gradul</strong> <strong>al</strong> <strong>doilea</strong>.<br />

0 Copyright c○1999 ONG TCV Sco<strong>al</strong>a Virtu<strong>al</strong>a a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md<br />

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