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Ecuatii si inecuatii de gradul al doilea si reductibile la gradul al ...

Ecuatii si inecuatii de gradul al doilea si reductibile la gradul al ...

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adica o ecuatie <strong>de</strong> <strong>gradul</strong> <strong>al</strong> <strong>doilea</strong>, rezolvarea careia nu prezinta greutati.<br />

Nota. Ecuatia ax 4 ∓ bx 3 ± cx 2 ± bx + a = 0 se reduce <strong>la</strong> o ecuatie utilizand substitutia<br />

t = x − 1<br />

x .<br />

Exemplul 4. Sa se rezolve ecuatiile<br />

a) x 4 + 5x 3 + 2x 2 + 5x + 1 = 0,<br />

b) 2x 4 + 3x 3 − 4x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0.<br />

Rezolvare. a) Ecuatia data este o ecuatie <strong>si</strong>metrica <strong>de</strong> <strong>gradul</strong> patru. Cum x = 0 nu e<br />

solutie, ecuatia este echiv<strong>al</strong>enta cu ecuatia (se divi<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> x 2 = 0 <strong>si</strong> se grupeaza convenabil)<br />

x 2 + 1<br />

<br />

+ 5 x +<br />

x2 1<br />

<br />

x<br />

+ 2 = 0.<br />

Se noteaza t = x + 1<br />

x , |t| ≥ 2, atunci x2 + 1<br />

x 2 = t2 − 2 <strong>si</strong> ecuatia <strong>de</strong>vine<br />

t 2 − 2 + 5t + 2 = 0<br />

sau t 2 + 5t = 0, cu solutiile t1 = −5, t2 = 0 (nu se verifica conditia |t| ≥ 2). Prin urmare,<br />

x + 1<br />

x<br />

= −5,<br />

<strong>de</strong> un<strong>de</strong> rezulta ecuatia patrata x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 cu solutiile x1 = −5 − √ 21<br />

<strong>si</strong> x2 =<br />

2<br />

−5 + √ 21<br />

.<br />

2<br />

b) Cum x = 0 nu este solutie a ecuatiei date, se divi<strong>de</strong> cu x2 <strong>si</strong> se obtine ecuatia<br />

<br />

2 x 2 + 1<br />

x2 <br />

+ 3 x − 1<br />

<br />

x<br />

Se noteaza t = x − 1<br />

x , atunci x2 + 1<br />

<br />

= x −<br />

x2 1<br />

x<br />

cu solutiile t1 = 0 <strong>si</strong> t2 = − 3<br />

. Prin urmare<br />

2<br />

⎡<br />

2<br />

− 4 = 0.<br />

2(t 2 + 2) + 3t − 4 = 0 sau 2t 2 + 3t = 0,<br />

⎢<br />

⎣<br />

x − 1<br />

x<br />

x − 1<br />

x<br />

= 0,<br />

+ 2 = t 2 + 2 <strong>si</strong> se obtine ecuatia patrata<br />

= −3<br />

2 .<br />

Din prima ecuatie a <strong>si</strong>stemului se obtine x1 = −1 <strong>si</strong> x2 = 1, iar din a doua x3 = −2 <strong>si</strong> x4 = 1<br />

2 .<br />

0 Copyright c○1999 ONG TCV Sco<strong>al</strong>a Virtu<strong>al</strong>a a Tanarului Matematician http://math.ournet.md<br />

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