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Imithi<br />
yesikhathi esizayo<br />
Emva kwamashumi eminyaka enqubekela phambili encane, imithi emisha<br />
ye-TB isisendleleni ekugcineni. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinselele zizodinga ukuthi<br />
ngaphambi kokuba le mithi ifinyelele emtholampilo wangakini.<br />
Amakhulunyaka esifo sofuba silokhu singelapheki.<br />
Kwase kuthi, phakathi kweminyaka yo-1940 no-1970<br />
ukutholakala kwama-antibhayothiki amasha kanye<br />
nokwelashwa ngenhlanganisela kwashintsha<br />
yonke into. Sasinemithi, ngakho-ke kwakuyindaba<br />
yesikhathi nje ukuthi siyihambise futhi siyisebenzise<br />
ngendlela elungile. Ngeshwa lokhu kulula ukukusho<br />
kunokukwenza.<br />
Ngemuva kuka-1963, lapho kwakutholakala ikilasi Elisha<br />
lemithi ye-TB, ukwenziwa kwemithi emisha kwabe<br />
sekuma ukwenziwa kwemithi emisha. Kwakungesikho<br />
nje ngeminyaka yo-1990, lapho ukuvela kokungazweli<br />
emithini kwe-TB (DR-TB) kwashayisana nobhubhane<br />
lwe-HIV e-United States naseYurophu, abacwaningi<br />
kanye nezinkampani ezenza imithi zavuselela uthando<br />
lwazo lokwenza imithi engcono ye-TB .<br />
Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi ucwaningo lokwelashwa<br />
kwe-TB seluvuseleleke kabusha. Manje sesinemithi<br />
emisha esendleleni ezayo eshumini leminyaka.<br />
Izinhlanganisela eziyisithpha ezivela emakilasini<br />
emithi evele ikhona nemisha iyahlolwa ezinhlolweni<br />
zokwelapha, okwamanje nezifundo zangaphambi<br />
kokwelashwa . Imithi esivele ikhona ebisetshenziswa<br />
ngaphandle kwelebuli (ngamanye amazwi, izinhloso<br />
ezingagunyazelwe) ukwelapha i-TB sezihloselwe<br />
futhi ukuze zifinyeze ubude bokwelapha, ukunciphisa<br />
imiphumela elimazayo, nokwenza ngcono imiphumela<br />
yokwelapha.<br />
Izinhlanganisela eziqhubeke kakhulu zokwelapha<br />
yi-TMC207 (i-bedaquiline esandokuqanjwa kabusha)<br />
evela kwa-Tibotec kanye ne-OPC-67683 (i-delamanid<br />
eqanjwe kabusha) evela kwa-Otsuka Pharmaceuticals.<br />
Zombili izinhlanganisela zisesigabeni esesihambe<br />
kakhulu zezinhlolo zokwelapha. Onyakeni, izinkampani<br />
kulindeleke ukuthi zifune imvume yokusebenzisa le mithi<br />
ekwelapheni i-DR-TB.<br />
Injabulo ngalezi zinhlanganisela iqedwa ukukhathazeka<br />
ngokuthola imvume yokulawula emhlabeni jikelele<br />
kungenzeka kube inselele. Kuncike ekutheni amazwe<br />
aziguqula kanjani izidingo zawo zokulawula, amandla<br />
okuxilonga, kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha i-DR-TB, le<br />
mithi ingathatha iminyaka ukuthi ibe khona jikelele<br />
emazweni lapho i-TB iwububhane khona.<br />
TMC207<br />
I-TNV207 seyiqhubeke kakhulu nokwenziwa, ngakhoke<br />
onke mehlo aseku-Tibotec. Inkampani seyiqalile<br />
uhlelo lokusebenzisa ukuzwelana nokwandisa<br />
uhlolo lokufinyelela ekufinyeleleni kwangaphambi<br />
kokugunyazwa ezigulini ezinokhetho lokwelashwa<br />
olunomkhawulo noma ezingenamuthi wokwelashwa.<br />
Lezi zinhlolo zezinhlelo bezisetshenziselwa<br />
izidambisigciwane kanye nemithi yomdlavuza. Kodwake,<br />
akukho muthi we-TB oke wenziwa ukuthi utholakale<br />
ngale ndlela. I-TMC207 ngakho-ke isewudaba lokuhlolwa<br />
ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okunokwenzeka kusheshe<br />
emuthini owethembisayo ngesikhathi kuqinisekiswa<br />
futhi ukuthi usetshenziswa ngendlela<br />
efanele.<br />
Ukukhathazeka ukuthi uma<br />
izinhlanganisela zisetshenziswa<br />
ngendlela engafanele – nemithi<br />
ehambisanayo embalwa esebenza<br />
ngempumelelo – kuzoba nezinhlobo<br />
ezintsha zokumelana nemithi ze-TB<br />
ezingavela ngokushesha. Lokhu<br />
kungabeka umkhawulo emtheleleni<br />
wesikhathi eside wananoma<br />
yimuphi umuthi obhubhaneni.<br />
Kudingeka sizivume lezi zinselele<br />
ndawonye nesidingo esiphuthumayo<br />
sokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela emithini<br />
Siyayidinga i-TMC207<br />
Nakuba i-TMC207 isahlolwa,<br />
ulwazi njengamanje<br />
olutholakalayo lube<br />
nomthelela ezigulini eziningi<br />
ezine-TB engazweli emthini<br />
wokuthi ziyafuna ukuwuphuza<br />
lo muthi ukwenza ngcono<br />
ithuba lazo lokuphila<br />
nokunciphisa isikhathi<br />
sokwelashwa. Izishoshovu<br />
zicele i-Tibotec ukuthi lo muthi<br />
iwenze ukuthi utholakale,<br />
kodwa selokhu kungakenzeki.<br />
UKULWA NE- TB<br />
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