savremeni razvoj konstrukcije i proizvodnje vij^anih kompresora ...
savremeni razvoj konstrukcije i proizvodnje vij^anih kompresora ...
savremeni razvoj konstrukcije i proizvodnje vij^anih kompresora ...
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Ma{instvo 2(3), 63 - 78, (1999)<br />
N.Sto{i},...: SAVREMENI RAZVOJ KONSTRUKCIJE...<br />
kako bi rekonstruisao SRM asimetri~ni profil 7 godina<br />
nakon {to je patentiran, a [23] 1988, publikuje<br />
neke in`enjerske aspekte vij~anih <strong>kompresora</strong>.<br />
Mali je broj knjiga koje se bave vij~anim kompresorima<br />
objavljen na engleskom jeziku: [32] 1993, o<br />
industrijskim kompresorima i [3] 1994 o rotacionim<br />
kompresorima sa dva vratila. Me|utim, sve one su<br />
suvi{e generalne da bi bile razmatrane kao referentna<br />
literatura o vij~anim kompresorima.<br />
Nekoliko priru~nika o vij~anim kompresorima su<br />
objavili proizvo|a}i vij~anih <strong>kompresora</strong>, isto kao i<br />
odre|eni broj bro{ura koje daju korisne informacije,<br />
ali su one ili povjerljive ili su nedostupne i daleko<br />
od javnosti. Neke od njih, kao {to je, na primjer,<br />
SRM Data Book, ina~e dobro ~uvane i dostupne<br />
samo licensorima, ~esto su citirane kao literatura iz<br />
oblasti vij~anih <strong>kompresora</strong>.<br />
Me|utim, broj patenata koji su se pojavili u zadnjih<br />
trideset godina je neproporcionalno velik, mo`e se<br />
re~i da je patenata objavljeno na hiljade. Samo je<br />
SRM objavio 750 patenata. Svi se patenti bave<br />
razli~itim aspektima vij~anih <strong>kompresora</strong> a njihov<br />
najve}i broj profilima rotora. SRM je objavio patente<br />
[33] 1946 simetri~nog, [41] 1973 za asimetri~ni i [4]<br />
1982 za "D" profil. Oni su klasi~na referentna literatura<br />
koja prikazuje vje{tinu profilisanja rotora<br />
vij~anog <strong>kompresora</strong>. Jo{ neki patenti mogu se<br />
spomenuti kao primjer uspje{nog na~ina generacije<br />
profila: Atlas-Copco, Compair [19], Denver Gardner<br />
[9], Hitachi [20], Ingersol-Rand. U posljednjih je<br />
nekoliko godina jedan broj relativno malih kompanija<br />
objavio vi{e izuzetno uspje{nih patenata, kao {to<br />
su, na primjer, [24] i [8]. Potpuno novi pristup generaciji<br />
profila po kojem se polazne krive zadaju na<br />
zup~astom stapu objavljen je u [37] i u [50].<br />
Svi patentirani profili su generisani na osnovu neke<br />
valjane metode, ali su korisne informacije o<br />
kori{tenim metodama pa`ljivo uklonjene iz patenta ili<br />
iz prate}ih publikovanih radova. Informacije u patentima<br />
su ili sakrivene ili je iz njih gotovo nemogu}e<br />
direktno dobiti profil. Ova se ~injenica mo`e ilustrovati<br />
kroz tri primjera. U radu [29] 1978 objavljuje<br />
se izvodjenje simetri~nog kru`nog profila koji je<br />
patentiran 32 godine prije toga. U [35] se koristi<br />
klasi~nim uslovima sprezanja konjugovanih zup~anika<br />
da bi reprodukovao asimetri~ni SRM profil 9 godina<br />
nakon {to se patent pojavio. Kao kuriozitet mo`e se<br />
pomenuti da je jedan SRM-ov licencor, nakon 13<br />
godina <strong>proizvodnje</strong> <strong>kompresora</strong>, iskoristio sav<br />
akademski potencijal kako bi analiti~ki reprodukovao<br />
SRM "D" profil.<br />
asymmetric profile only 5 years after it was patented<br />
as well as the classical Lysholm profile. There<br />
are two German textbooks. [35], 1979, used a profile<br />
generation method based on gear theory to<br />
reconstruct the SRM asymmetric profile 7 years after<br />
it was patented. [23], 1988, published some engineering<br />
aspects of screw compressors.<br />
Only recently have any textbooks on screw compressors<br />
been published in English. [32], 1993, was<br />
on industrial compressors and [3], 1994, was on<br />
rotary twin shaft compressors. However, these are<br />
too general to be useful as detailed reference literature.<br />
A few compressor manufacturers' handbooks on<br />
screw compressors and a number of brochures give<br />
useful information, but they are either classified or<br />
of very limited accessibility. Some, like the SRM<br />
Data Book, although cited in screw compressor literature,<br />
are available only to SRM licencees.<br />
Literally thousands of patents have been awarded<br />
on screw compressors in the past thirty years and<br />
SRM alone has 750. They cover various aspects of<br />
screw compressor design but are mainly for rotor<br />
profiles. SRM patents [33], 1946, for symmetric,<br />
[41], 1973, for asymmetric and [4], 1982, for the<br />
"D" profiles are classical examples of state of the<br />
art screw compressor profile generation. Other<br />
succesful profiling patents are those of Atlas-Copco,<br />
Compair [19], Denver Gardner [9], Hitachi [20] and<br />
Ingersoll-Rand [6]. In recent years, several highly<br />
successful patents such as [24] and [8] have been<br />
granted to relatively small companies. A fresh<br />
approach to profile generation based on the use of<br />
a rack for the primary curves was published in [37]<br />
and [50].<br />
Although all patented profiles were generated by<br />
well defined procedures, so little of the methods on<br />
which they were based was published that it was<br />
very difficult to reproduce them. Thus details of how<br />
to derive the circular symmetric profile, [29], were<br />
not published until 1978, 32 years after it was<br />
patented. Similarly, a derivation of the SRM asymmetric<br />
profile based on classical gear conjugacy criteria,<br />
[35], was not published until 9 years after the<br />
patent appeared. It is even more interesting to note<br />
that one SRM licencee funded a university research<br />
programme to obtain an analytical derivation of the<br />
SRM "D" profile in 1995, after 13 years of manufacturing<br />
it.<br />
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