d P]g, @)$*>d P]g

d P]g, @)$*
nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
)$(.@.@
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g
!= >d -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%$ @)%$.!).!%
@= jfn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ @)%&.#.&
@)$( ;fnsf] P]g g+= (
>d ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgf M ljleGg If]qsf k|lti7fgx?df sfd ug{] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xs, lxt, ;'ljwf /
;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf u/L >d ;DaGwdf ;dof]lrt Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jsf] zf;gsfnsf] PSsfO;f}+ jif{df ;+;bn] of] P]g
agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æ>d P]g, @)$*Æ /x]sf]5 .
-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@=
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–
-s_ æpTkfbg sfo{Æ eGgfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;D´g'k5{ M–
-!_ s'g} rLh j:t' agfpg], ?kfGt/ ug{], dd{t ug{], a'§f eg{], tof/ ug{], Kofs
ug{], t]n nufpg], w'g], ;/;kmfO{ ug{], tf]8\g], eTsfpg], jf s'g} rLh j:t'sf]
k|of]u, laqmL lat/0f, 9'jfgL jf 6'+uf] nufpg] x]t'n] To:tf rLh j:t'nfO{
cGo k|sf/af6 Jojxf/ ug{] sfo{,
-@_ t]n, kfgL jf kmf]x/ d}nf kDk ug{] sfo{,
-#_ zlQm ;+rf/ ug{], kl/jt{g ug{] / k7fpg] sfo{, jf
-$_ 5fkfvfgf, lnyf]u|fkmL, kmf]6f]u|fkmL, lhNb r9fpg] jf ;f]xL ;/xsf] c? sfd
ug]{ .
1

-v_ æk|lti7fgÆ eGgfn] s'g} pBf]u, Joj;fo jf ;]jf ;+rfng ug{] p2]Zon] k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt bzhgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf]
s'g} sDkgL ;+u7g, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf ltgsf] ;d"x ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn],–
-!_ Jofkfl/s p2]Zon] sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ePsf] lrof aufg, /
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f :yflkt cf}Bf]lus If]q leqsf] bzhgf eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfddf nufOPsf] k|lti7fgnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-u_ æsd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] k|zf;lgs sfo{df ;+nUg JolQm ;D´g' k5{ .
-3_ æsfdbf/Æ eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg sfo{ jf ;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfo{ jf ;f] sfo{sf]
lgldQ k|of]u ePsf] 3/ hUuf jf d]lzg/L jf To;sf] s'g} efudf sfo{ ug{] jf
To:tf] sfo{ ;+u ;DalGwt sfd jf c? s'g} cfsl:ds sfd u/] afkt kfl/>lds
✂= ============== lbO{ sfd nufOPsf] JolQm ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lk;/]6, 7]Ssf jf
s/f/ cGt{ut sfd ug{] sfdbf/nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-ª_ æk|aGwsÆ eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ lgo'Qm ePsf] JolSt ;D´g' k5{ .
-r_ æJoj:yfksÆ eGgfn] s'g} k|lti7fgsf] lqmofsnfkdf clGtd lg0f{o lng] JolQm
;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] clGtd lhDd]jf/L jf clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L
k|lti7fgsf] s'g} zfvf jf OsfO{sf] k|d'v kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
-5_ æsf/vfgf lg/LIfsÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm u/]sf]
sf/vfgf lg/LIfs ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] jl/i7 sf/vfgf lg/LIfsnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
∀ -h_ ===========================
-´_ ægfaflnuÆ eGgfn] # ;f]x| jif{sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] t/ c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f gu/]sf]
JolQm ;D´g' k5{ .
-`_ æaflnuÆ eGgfn] c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] JolQm ;D´g' k5{ .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
✂
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
∀ afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ åf/f l´lsPsf] .
# afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
2

-6_ æzlQmÆ eGgfn] ljB't jf oflGqs zlQm ;D´g' k5{ .
t/ ;f] zAbn] dfgjLo zlQm jf kz'af6 ;+rflnt zlQmnfO{ hgfpg] 5}g .
-7_ ædf};dL k|lti7fgÆ eGgfn] vf; df};ddf afx]s cGo df};ddf sfd ug{ g;Sg] jf
gldNg] k|lti7fg ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] Ps jif{df Ps;o c;L lbg eGbf a9L
sfd x'g g;Sg] df};dL k|lti7fgnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-8_ ælbgÆ eGgfn] s'g} dWo/ftaf6 z'? eO{ csf{] dWo/ftdf cGTo x'g] rf}aL; 306fsf]
cjlw ;D´g' k5{ .
-9_ æ;KtfxÆ eGgfn] zlgjf/sf] dWo/ft jf >d ljefun] tf]s]sf] c? s'g} lbgsf]
dWo/ft b]lv z'? x'g] ;ft lbgsf] cjlw ;D´g' k5{ .
-0f_ æsNof0fsf/L clws[tÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t lgo'Qm sNof0fsf/L clws[t ;D´g'
k5{ .
-t_ æ>d clws[tÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t lgo'Qm >d clws[t ;D´g' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] al/i7 >d clws[tnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-y_ æ>d cbfntÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{tsf] >d cbfnt ;D´g' k5{ .
-b_ ækfl/>ldsÆ eGgfn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf sfd u/] afkt k|lti7fgsf]
tkm{af6 gubL jf lhG;Lsf] ?kdf kfpg] kfl/>lds jf Hofnf ;D´g' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] lk;/]6 jf 7]Ssfdf sfd u/] afkt kfpg] gubL jf lhG;L /sdnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
t/ of] zAbn] s'g} k|sf/sf] eQf jf ;'ljwfnfO{ hgfpg] 5}g .
-w_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdsf]Æ eGgfn] of] P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;D´g' k5{ .
kl/R5]b – @
/f]huf/L / ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff
#= kbsf] juL{s/0f M -!_ Joj:yfksn] k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg k|lqmof, ;]jf jf sfdsf] k|s[lt
cg';f/ k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] kbsf] juL{s/0f ug{' kg{]5 / To:sf]
hfgsf/L ;DalGwt >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
3

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] kb juL{s/0fdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ug{' kg{] cfjZostf
b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f vf]nL >d sfof{non] Joj:yfksnfO{ lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf]
lgb{]zgsf] kfng ug{' Joj:yfkssf] st{Ao x'g]5 .
$= sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd juL{s/0f ul/Psf] s'g} kbdf
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{ kbf{ To:tf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{
Joj:yfksn] lj1fkg ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L 5gf}6 ul/Psf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQmkq
lbO{ sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{sf]
cljlR5Gg ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/];Dd k/LIf0fsfndf /flvg]5 / ;f] cjlwdf lghsf]
sfo{bIftf, OdfGbf/L, cg'zf;g, sfdk|lt nugzLntf, ?h' xflh/L cflb s'/fsf] cfwf/df
:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{' kg{]5 . To;/L lgo'Qm ubf{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] kb tyf lghn] kfpg]
kfl/>lds tyf ;]jf, zt{ pNn]v u/L lgo'lQmkq lbg' kg{]5 / To;sf] hfgsf/L >d
sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æPs jif{sf] cljlR5Gg ;]jf cjlwÆ
eGgfn] s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} k|lti7fgdf afx| dlxgfsf] cjlwe/df b'O{ ;o
rfnL; lbg sfd u/]sf] jf df};dL k|lti7fgdf ;f] rfn" /x]sf] df};dsf] cjlwdf cljlR5Gg
;]jf u/]sf] cjlw ;D´g' k5{ / b'O{ ;o rfnL; lbgsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;fj{hlgs / ;fKtflxs
labf ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-#_ s'g} k|lti7fgdf :yfoL ?ksf] lk;/]6 jf 7]Ssfdf ;+rflnt sfo{df sfo{/t
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfoL ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] o; P]gdf Joj:yf eP
cg';f/sf ;'ljwfx? lghsf] kb:s]n cg';f/ kfpg]5 .
-%_
✂= ================
$s= u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg gkfOg] M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd juL{s/0f ul/Psf]
s'g} klg kbdf u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
✂
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .
4

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fli6«o :t/sf] ;fj{hlgs
kqklqsfdf lj1fkg k|sfzg ubf{ klg s'g} bIf k|fljlws kbsf] nflu g]kfnL gful/s
pknAw gePdf Joj:yfksn] ;f] s'/fsf] k|df0f ;lxt u}/ g]kfnL gful/s lgo'lQm ug]{
:jLs[ltsf] nflu >d ljefudf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lgj]bg k/L hfFra'´ ubf{ lgj]bgdf plNnlvt bIf
k|fljlws kbsf] nflu g]kfnL gful/s pknAw gx'g] b]lvPdf >d ljefun] >d sfof{nosf]
l;kmfl/;df Ps k6sdf b'O{ jif{df ga9fO{ a9Ldf kfFr jif{;Dd / ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] bIf
k|fljlws kbdf a9Ldf ;ft jif{;Dd u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg :jLs[lt lbg
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg] Joj:yfksn]
g]kfnL gful/snfO{ g} bIf agfO{ qmdzM k|lt:yfkg ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
%= sfd nufpg] M ∀-!_ ========================
-@_ tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s gfaflnu tyf dlxnfnfO{ ;fdfGotM laxfg 5
ah]b]lv ;fF´ 5 ah];Dd sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr cfk;L dGh"/Laf6 pko'Qm Joj:yf
ldnfO{ dlxnfx?nfO{ klg k'?if ;/x sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt jf :t/df km/s gkg]{
u/L k|li7fgsf] s'g} zfvf jf OsfO{df ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^= sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] u0fgf M s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf]
u0fgf ug{] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] cjlw ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 M–
-s_ bkmf !! adf]lhd hu]8fdf /x]sf] cjlw, /
-v_
kfl/>lds ;lxtsf] labfdf a;]sf] cjlw .
&= s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm M k|lti7fgn] tTsfn pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf j[l4 ug'{ k/]df k|lti7fgsf]
:yfoL k|s[ltsf] sfddf afx]s c? s'g} lglZrt sfdsf] lgldQ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;dofjlw
tf]sL lghn] kfpg] kfl/>lds / ;]jf zt{ pNn]v u/L s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
∀ afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ åf/f l´lsPsf] .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
5

*= :jfldTj kl/jt{gn] k|lts"n c;/ gkg{] M k|lti7fgsf] :jfldTjdf ePsf] kl/jt{gn] To:tf]
k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf / zt{df k|lts"n c;/ kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
(= sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] 5'§f 5'§} /lhi6/ /fVg' kg{] M -!_ k|To]s k|lti7fgdf Joj:yfksn]
sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] b]xfosf] ljj/0f pNn]v u/L 5'§f 5'§} /lhi6/ /fVg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfd,
-v_ sfdsf] k|s[lt,
-u_ kfl/>lds / To;sf] e'QmfgLsf] t/Lsf, /
-3_ tf]lsPsf] c? ljj/0fx? .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t /flvPsf] /lhi6/ >d clws[t jf sf/vfgf lg/LIfs jf >d
sfof{non] tf]s]sf] cGo JolQmåf/f dfluPsf] avt k|:t't ug{' kg{]5 .
!)= ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgoddf tf]lsPsf] /Lt
gk'¥ofO{ k|lti7fgsf] :yfoL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] cGt ug{' x'Fb}g .
!!= hu]8fdf /fVg] M -!_ s]xL cjlwsf] nflu k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug'{ kg{]
cfjZos ePdf jf k|lti7fg ;~rfng u/L /fVg ljz]if kl/l:yltjz g;lsg] ePdf
Joj:yfksn] pkbkmf -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug{ jf k|lti7fg jf
To;sf] s'g} efu aGb ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug{ jf k|lti7fg jf ;f] sf] s'g}
efu aGb ug{' kbf{ kGw| lbg ;Ddsf] nflu eP >d sfof{nosf] / ;f] eGbf a9L cjlwsf]
nflu eP >d ljefusf] :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 . >d sfof{non] :jLs[lt lbPsf]df ;f]
sfof{non] To;sf] hfgsf/L >d ljefunfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ubf{ abnL jf Hofnfbf/Ldf
sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L afx]s k|lti7fgsf :yfoL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ vfO{kfO{
cfPsf] kfl/>ldssf] cfwf kfl/>lds lbg] u/L hu]8fdf /fVg' kg{]5 .
t/ To:tf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?n] kfO{ cfPsf pko'St ;'ljwfx? k'/} kfpg]5g\ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ cGtu{t hu]8fdf /flvPsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] Joj:yfksaf6 ;f]xL
k|lti7fg jf cfkmg} lgoGq0fsf] cGo k|lti7fgdf ;dfg kfl/>ldsdf nufPsf] ;dfg sfd ug{
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
6

!@=
c:jLsf/ u/]df jf sfd x'g] ;do leq k|lti7fgdf Ps k6s lbgdf xfhL/ gePdf jf tf]lsPsf]
cGo cj:yfdf Joj:yfksn] To:tf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf glbg
;Sg]5 .
s6f}tL / k'gM sfddf nufpg] M -!_ ljz]if kl/l:yltjz tLg dxLgf eGbf a9L cjlw ;Dd
pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug{' k/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] cf+lzs jf k"/f efu aGb ug{' k/]df
Joj:yfksn] >d ljefu dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|lti7fgsf s]xL jf ;Dk"0f{
sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vofdf s6f}tL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] s6f}tL ;DaGwdf Joj:yfksn]
g]kfn ;/sf/;+u :jLs[lt dfu u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] To;/L sd{rf/L s6f}tL ug]{ jf gug]{
;DaGwdf b'O{ dlxgfleq lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s6f}tL ubf{ Ps} lsl;dsf] sfddf sfo{/t :yfoL
sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ dWo] To:tf] sfddf ;a} eGbf kl5 lgo'Qm ePsfnfO{ klxn] s6f}tL ug{]
qmdn] s6f}tL ug{' kg{]5 .
t/ ;a} eGbf kl5 lgo'Qm ePsfnfO{ s6f}tL ug{' kg{] u/L tf]lsPsf]
qmdfg';f/ s6f}tL gu/L cufl8 lgo'Qm ePsfnfO{ s6f}tL ug{' k/]df To;sf] sf/0f
vf]nL s6f}tL ug{ x'G5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s6f}tL ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd u/L s6f}tL ug{' k5{ M–
-s_ :yfoL ✂= ================== sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L s6f}tL ug{' kg{] sf/0f ;d]t
vf]nL Ps dxLgfsf] k"j{ ;"rgf lbO{ jf Ps dxLgfsf] kfl/>lds lbP/, /
-v_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] lgldQ
lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tL; lbgsf] kfl/>ldsn] u'0fg ubf{ x'g cfpg] Psd'i6
kfl/>lds Ifltk"lt{ lbP/ .
:kli6s/0f M s'g} jif{df slDtdf 5 dxLgf;Dd sfd u/]sf] eP o; v08sf]
k|of]hgsf] lgldQ Ps jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
✂
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .
7

-$_ s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'Qm sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pkbkmf -#_ nfu" x'g]
5}g .
-%_ s6f}tLdf k/]sf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] :yfgdf k'gM sfddf nufpg' k/]df
s6f}tLdf k/]sf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M bkmf !! / !@ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if kl/l:ylt eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf]
d]l;g, pks/0f ef+rL, lau|L pTkfbg sfo{ /f]lsg] cj:yf jf OGwg, ljB't, sf]Onf
jf o:t} zlQm pknAw gePsf] jf b}jL k|sf]k ePsf] jf cfjZos sRrf kbfy{
ckof{Kt ePsf] jf pTkflbt j:t' laqmL ge} :6s /xg uPsf] jf o:t} cGo
cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
!#= df};dL k|lti7fg M -!_ df};dL k|lti7fg a]df};ddf aGb /x]sf] cj:yfdf sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/L hu]8fdf /x]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ df};dL k|lti7fg rfn" jf aGb u/]sf] ;"rgf >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ df};dL k|lti7fg aGb /x]sf] a]df};dsf] cjlwdf :yfoL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
lghn] kfpg] kfl/>ldssf] Go"gtd kRrL; k|ltzt l/6]lgª eQf lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ s'g} k|lti7fg df};dL k|lti7fg xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ljjfb p7]df >d ljefusf] lg0f{o
clGtd x'g]5 .
!$= ===============================
!%= clgjfo{ cjsfz M Joj:yfksn] krkGg jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
clgjfo{ cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] lgldQ geO{ gx'g] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw c?
kfFr jif{;Ddsf] nflu yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f vf/hL .
8

kl/R5]b – #
sfd ug{] ;do
!^= sfd ug{] ;do M sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|ltlbg cf7 306f jf ;Ktfxdf c7\rfnL;
306f eGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufpg' x'F+b}g / k|To]s ;Ktfxdf Ps lbg ;fKtflxs labf lbg'
kg{]5 .
!&= sfd ug{] ;dosf] k|f/Desf] u0fgf M sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Ln] sfd ;'? ug{] ;do
Joj:yfksn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!*= vfhf / cf/fdsf] ;do M sfd /f]Sg x'g] lsl;dsf] k|lti7fgdf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{
vfhf vfgsf] nflu cfwf 306fsf] 5'§L glbO{ nuftf/ kfFr 306f eGbf a9L ;do;Dd
sfddf nufpg x'Fb}g . sfd /f]Sg gx'g] nuftf/ rnfO{ /xg' kg{] k|lti7fgdf To:tf] 5'§L
cfnf] kfnf] u/L lbg' kg{]5 . o:tf] cfwf 306fsf] 5'§Lsf] ;do b}lgs sfd ug{' kg{]
;dofjlw leqs} dflgg]5 .
!(= a9L ;do sfd u/fpFbf a9L Hofnf lbg' kg{] k M -!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbgdf cf7
306f jf ;Ktfxdf c7\rfnL; 306f eGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufPdf lghnfO{ ;f] a9L
;dosf] nflu ;fwf/0f Hofnf b/sf] 8]9L Hofnf lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ a9L ;do sfd ug{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ afWo ug{ x'Fb}g .
-@_ a9L ;do sfd u/fpFbf ;fdfGotM k|ltlbg rf/ 306f tyf ;Ktfxdf aL;
306f eGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufpg' x'Fb}g .
@)= xflh/L lstfa /fVg' kg{] M k|To]s k|lti7fgn] cfkmgf] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] xflh/L lstfa
/fVg' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b – $
kfl/>lds
@!= Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf /
;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] b/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
9

-@_ Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/L, Joj:yfks / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwx?sf] ;dfg ;+Vof ePsf] Pp6f Go"gtd
kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ul7t Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ubf{ ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfwf/df ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwfsf] b/
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltb]lv dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g g} x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf jf u7g eP klg
;ldltn] l;kmfl/; ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ tyf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug{ dflysf pkbkmfx?df
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf eGbf sd
x'g] u/L Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr s'g} ;D´f}tf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-&_ Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@!s= jflif{s kfl/>lds a[l4 M -!_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfoL lgo'lQm kfPsf] sfdbf/
tyf sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ Pp6f kfl/>lds a[l4 kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] kfl/>lds a[l4sf] /sd ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] cfwf lbgsf] kfl/>lds a/fa/ x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhd kfl/>lds /f]Ssf ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] kfl/>lds a[l4 kfpg] 5}g .
@@= kfl/>lds eQf / ;'ljwfsf] e'QmfgL M k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] kfl/>lds,
eQf / ;'ljwf lbg] bfloTj ;DalGwt Joj:yfkssf] x'g]5 .
@#=
kfl/>lds cjlw M Joj:yfksn] k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds Ps
dxLgfsf] cjlwdf ga9\g] u/L ;fKtflxs, kflIfs jf dfl;s ?kdf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
10

@$=
t/ of] Joj:yf b}lgs Hofnfbf/L lk;/]6 jf 7]Ssfdf nufPsf] cj:yfdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
kfl/>lds s§L ug{df k|ltaGw M -!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
afx]s c? cj:yfdf s§L ug{' x'Fb}g M–
-s_ nfu]sf] hl/jfgf s§L ug{' k/]df,
-v_ u}/ xflh/ afkt s§L ug{' k/]df,
-u_ hfgL hfgL jf nfk/jflxn] k|lti7fgsf] gubL jf lhG;L gf]S;fg u/] jf
x/fP afkt s§L ug{' k/]df,
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;'ljwf lbOP afkt s§L ug{' k/]df,
-ª_ k]ZsL jf a9L kfl/>lds lbOPsf]df ;f] afkt s§L ug{' k/]df,
-r_ lgnDag ePsf] cjlw afkt s§L ug{' k/]df,
-5_ ;/sf/L c8\8f jf cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd s§L ug{' k/]df,
-h_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]lslbP adf]lhd s§L
ug{' k/]df, jf
-´_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfos/ jf c? s'g} s/ s§L ug{' k/]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s§L x'g] /sdsf] xb, s§L x'g] t/Lsf, Dofb /
tT;DaGwL cGo s'/f tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%= cg'lrt tj/n] kfl/>lds s§L u/]df jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df f jf cGo ;'ljwf glbPdf jf lbg
l9nfO{ u/]df lgj]bg lbg] M -!_ e'n ePsf] jf kfl/>lds /sd lgwf{/0f ug{ g;s]sf] jf
cfsl:ds b'3{6gf jf ljz]if kl/l:yltjz kfl/>lds lbg c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;DalGwt
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] cfkmgf] kfl/>lds lng gcfPdf jf lng gdfg]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s
cg'lrt tj/af6 kfl/>lds s§f u/]df jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df jf cbfntsf] km};nfaf6
lgnDag km's'jf ePsf]df jf lgisfzg ab/ ePsf]df To:tf] lgnDag jf lgisfzg ePsf]
cjlwsf] kfl/>lds glbPdf jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df jf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] eQf
pkbfg, ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd glbPdf jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Ln] cfkm} jf cfkmgf] jfl/; dfkm{t >d sfo{nodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
11

@^=
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg kfl/>lds s§f u/]sf] jf lbg l9nf u/]sf] jf
eQf, pkbfg, ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{ glbPsf] jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]sf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg cfjZos hfFra'´ ubf{ cg'lrt tj/n]
kfl/>lds s§f u/]sf] jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]sf] jf eQf, pkbfg ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{ glbPsf]
jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] kfl/>lds
eQf, pkbfg, ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg / ;f]sf] xhf{gf jfkt To:tf]
/sdsf] tLg bf]Aa/;Dd /sd ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{ u/L >d
sfof{non] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ å]ifk"0f{ lgotn] jf Joj:yfsnfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgL lbg] dg;fon] dfq
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf lgj]bsaf6 Joj:yfksnfO{ a9Ldf Ps xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd xhf{gf ltg'{ kg]{ u/L >d sfof{non] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z cg';f/ ltg{ a'´fpg kg]{ /sd >d
sfof{non] b]xfosf] ;a} jf s'g} sf/afxLåf/f c;"n pk/ u/L ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lbnfO{ lbg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] rn crn ;DklQ k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fv]/,
-v_ ;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf /x]sf] w/f}6L jf To:tf] sfof{no jf
;+:yfn] ;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] lng a'´fpg' kg]{ /sd
/f]Ssf /fv]/,
-u_ ;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] lgsf;L jf k}7f/L /f]Ssf /fv]/,
-3_ ;DalGwt k|li7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd kfpg] 5"6,
;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot /f]Ssf /fv]/ .
k'g/fj]bg M bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -#_ / -$_ cGtu{t lbOPsf] cfb]zdf lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn]
cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq To:tf] cfb]z pk/ >d cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 / >d cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
12

@&=
kl/R5]b – %
:jf:Yo / ;'/Iff
:jf:Yo / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|lti7fgdf Joj:yfksn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg{]5 M–
-s_ k|To]s k|lti7fgnfO{ k|To]s lbg ;kmf u/L cfjZostfg';f/ sL6gfzs
cf}iflw ;d]tsf] k|of]u, ;d'lrt lgsf;sf] k|aGw Pj+ ;do ;dodf /+u /f]ug
;d]t nufO{ kmf]x/ d}nfaf6 x'g] b'u{Gw gcfpg] u/L ;kmf ;'U3/ /fVg],
-v_ sfd x'g] sf]7fx?df kof{Kt xfjf / k|sfz Pj+ pko'Qm tfkqmdsf] k|aGw
ldnfpg],
-u_ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf lg:sg] /2L a:t' tyf kmf]x/ d}nf kmofFSg] tyf gi6 ug{]
Joj:yf ug{],
-3_ :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ ;Sg] w"nf], b"lift xfjf, jfkm Pj+ cGo b"lift kbfy{
sfd ug{] sf]7fdf hDdf x'g glbg],
-ª_ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] lg:sg] cfjfhaf6 :jf:Yodf
k|lts"n c;/ gkg{] u/L cfjZos k|ltsf/fTds JolStut pks/0f Pj+ sfdsf]
k|s[lt cg';f/ sd cfjfh dfq lg:sg] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{],
-r_ sfd ug{] sf]7f jf :yfgdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n k|efj
kg{] u/L 3'OFrf] x'g glbg'sf] ;fy} sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L k|To]s sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] nflu ;fwf/0ftM kGw| 3gld6/ 7fpF pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 / ;f] sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu e'OF;tx b]lv rf/ld6/ eGbf dflysf] prfO{sf] u0fgf ul/g]
5}g .
-5_ sfdsf] ;dodf :jf:Yos/ lkpg] kfgL kof{Kt dfqfdf pknAw x'g] Joj:yf
ug{] / :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] /f;folgs kbfy{x?sf]
k|of]u ug{] jf pTkfbg ug{] k|lti7fgdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] cfkt\sflng l:yltaf6
arfpsf] nflu cfuf] lgefpg jf w'g, kvfNgsf] nflu kof{Kt kfgLsf] Joj:yf
ug{],
-h_ dlxnf tyf k'?if sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgldQ kfos kg{] :yfgdf a]Unfa]Un}
cfw'lgs zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf ug{],
13

-´_ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ k|lti7fgsf] ;Dk"0f{ jf s]xL efunfO{ w'd|kfg lgif]lwt
If]q 3f]if0ff ug{], /
-`_ :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg{] vfnsf k|lti7fgsf] xsdf slDtdf jif{sf] Ps
k6s sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] clgjfo{ ?kdf :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fpg] .
@*=
cfFvfsf] arfp M -!_ P]gf, sfFr, kf/f], r'Das, Kn]6, kmnfd, s+lqm6, l;d]06, r"g, 9'+uf /
lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ k|of]u x'g] k|lti7fgdf sfd ubf{ lg:sg] w"nf] jf 6'qmfaf6 sfdbf/
sd{rf/Lsf] cfFvfdf rf]6 nfUgaf6 arfpg] cfjZos ;'/IffTds ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug{'
kg{]5 .
-@_ j]lN8ª jf UofF; sl6+u jf o:t} cGo sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf pTkGg x'g]
xflgsf/s ls/0faf6 cfFvfsf] arfp ug{ cfjZos ;'/Iff ;DaGwL pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{'
kg{]5 .
@(=
/f;folgs kbfy{af6 arfp M /f;folgs kbfy{ kl/rfng ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf]
arfpsf] lgldQ Joj:yfksn] cfjZos JolQmut ;'/IffTds pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{'
kg{]5 .
#)= cfuf]af6 arfpsf] k|aGw M -!_ Joj:yfksn] k|To]s k|lti7fgdf cfuf]af6 arfpsf] lgldQ
cfjZos cfw'lgs ;fwgsf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ cfkTsflng cj:yfdf k|lti7fgaf6 ;lhnf];+u aflx/ lg:sg ;Sg] u/L
Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' kg{]5 .
-#_ cfuf]af6 arfpsf] ;fy} cfuf] lgefpg] oGqx?sf ;DaGwdf k|lti7fgn] ug{'
kg{] cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#!= vt/gfs d]lzgdf 5]saf/ nufpg' kg{] M -!_ zlQmaf6 ;+rfng x'g] vt/gfs d]lzg cf}hf/
jf pks/0fx?sf] k|To]s efudf alnof] 5]saf/ nufpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ rfn" /x]sf] s'g} vt/gfs d]lzgsf] s'g} efusf] lg/LIf0f, n'la|s]zg jf
d]lzg ldnfpg] sfo{ ug{' k/]df ;f] sfo{df tfnLd k|fKt Pj+ cg'ejL aflnu sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq nufpg' kg{]5 .
#@=
a9L ef/L p7fpg] ;DaGwdf M -!_ s'g} klg sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ rf]6k6s jf :jf:Yodf
xfgL k'Ug] u/L ef/L p7fpg, af]Sg jf cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] sfo{df nufpg' x'Fb}g .
14

-@_ aflnu, gfaflnu, dlxnf jf k'?if sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] p7fpg, af]Sg jf
cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] clwstd ef/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
∃#@s= kof{Kt lgb]{zg jf Jofj;flos tflnd glbO{ gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpg gx'g] M -!_
;DalGwt sfo{If]qsf ljifodf kof{Kt lgb]{zg jf Jofj;flos tflnd glbO{ gfaflnunfO{
sfddf nufpg x'Fb}g .
-@_ gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpFbf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt sfo{If]qsf ljifodf
lbg'kg]{ kof{Kt lgb]{zg jf Jofj;flos tflnd ;DaGwL Joj:yfx? tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpg] Joj:yfksnfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd
s}b jf bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
∃#@v= pd]/ ;DaGwL ljjfb M -!_ k|lti7fgdf sfd ug]{ s'g} gfaflnusf] pd]/ ;DaGwL ljjfb k/]df
To:tf] gfaflnusf] hGd btf{ k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt hGd ldlt cg';f/sf] pd]/ g} lghsf]
jf:tljs pd]/ dflgg]5 .
-@_ s'g} gfaflnusf] hGd btf{ k|df0fkq gePdf >d ljefun] tf]s]sf]
lrlsT;såf/f To:tf] gfaflnusf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fO{ lglZrt ul/Psf] pd]/ g} lghsf]
jf:tljs pd]/ dflgg]5 .Æ
##= k|];/ Knf06 M -!_ k|lti7fgdf pTkfbg k|s[ofsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} d]lzg jfo'd08nLo rfk
eGbf a9L rfkdf ;Grfng ug{' kg{] ePdf To:tf d]lzgx?sf] ;'/lIft sfo{ rfk -jf]ls{ª
k|];/_ eGbf a9L rfkdf ;+rfng ug{ gx'g] u/L cfjZos k|efjsf/L pkfox? ckgfpg'
kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt d]lzgsf] k/LIf0f ug{], k|dfl0ft ug{] tl/sf Pj+ ;f]
;+rfng ug{ Ohfht lbg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#$= ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{] cfb]z M -!_ s'g} k|lti7fgdf o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL
Joj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yfdf pko'Qm ;do tf]sL ;f] ;do leq cfjZos Joj:yf / k|aGw
ldnfpg >d sfof{non] k|lti7fgnfO{ lnlvt cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]zsf] kfng gu/]df k|lti7fgsf] To:tf] c;'/lIft
efu, Knf06 jf d]lzg/L ;+rfng ug{ aGb ug{] cfb]z >d sfof{non] lbg ;Sg]5 / To;/L
lbPsf] cfb]zsf] kfng ug{' ;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
∃
afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ åf/f yk .
15

#%= ;"rgf lbg' kg{] M -!_ k|lti7fgdf ePsf] s'g} b'3{6gf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 s'g} sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf jf c7\rfnL; 306f eGbf a9L sfd ug{ g;Sg] u/L rf]6 k6s
nfu]df tLg lbg leq / lghnfO{ s'g} Joj;fohGo /f]u nfu]sf] yfxf kfPsf] ;ft lbg leq
k|lti7fgn] >d sfof{nonfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf pNn]v ePsf] /f]u jf b'3{6gfsf] hfFra'´ ug{]
clwsf/L, lghsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / tT;DaGwL sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#^= :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{] clwsf/ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yfx?sf] :t/
cfjZostfg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP b]lv afx]s k|lti7fgdf k|of]u x'g] cGo d]lzg/L, cf}hf/
jf pks/0fsf] k|of]u ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] :jf:Yo Pj+ ;'/IffTds cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b – ^
sNof0fsf/L Joj:yf
#&=
sNof0fsf/L sf]if M k|lti7fgn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lxt Pj+ sNof0fsf] nflu tf]lsP
adf]lhd Ps sNof0fsf/L sf]if v8f ug{' kg{]5 .
#*= Ifltk"lt{ M s'g} k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfkmgf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf z/L/df
3fp rf]6 k6s nfu]df jf c+u e+u ePdf jf d[To' ePdf To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ lgh jf lghsf]
kl/jf/n] tf]lsP adf]lhd kfpg]5 .
#(= pkbfg, ;+rosf]if / cf}iflw pkrf/ M sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?n] kfpg] pkbfg, ;+rosf]if /
cf}iflw pkrf/ ;DaGwL ;'ljwfx? tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$)= labf M k|To]s k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?n] kfpg] ;fj{hlgs labf, la/fdL labf,
3/ labf, ;'Ts]/L labf, s[of labf, ljz]if labf, kfl/>lds ;lxtsf] jf kfl/>lds /lxtsf]
labf cflb tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$!= af;:yfgsf] k|aGw M -!_ Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu :jf:Yos/
af;:yfgsf] k|aGw ug{ k|To]s jif{ k|lti7fgsf] s"n d'gfkmf -u|; k|f]lkm6_ sf] kfFr k|ltztdf
g36g] u/L /sd 5'6\ofO{ qmdzM af;:yfgsf] k|aGw ub{} nfg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd hDdf ug{ Pp6f sf]if v8f ug{' kg{]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
16

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$@=
afnsx?sf] lgldQ Joj:yf M -!_ krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?
sfo{/t /xg] k|lti7fgsf] Joj:yfksn] To:tf dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
afnsx?sf] nflu :jf:Yok|b sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt afnsx?sf lgldQ cfjZos v]nf}gfsf] ;fy} tfnLd k|fKt
wfO{sf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf afnsx?nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ b'w v'jfpg] ;do
lbg' kg{]5 .
$#= lj>fd sf]7f M krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /xg] k|lti7fgdf
Joj:yfksn] Go"gtd ;'ljwfo'Qm lj>fd sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
$$= rd]gf u[x M Joj:yfksn] krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/L Ps} ;dodf sfd
ug{] k|lti7fgdf rd]gf u[xsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b – &
ljz]if k|lti7fgsf] ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] ljz]if k|fjwfgx?
$%= lrofaufg M -!_ lrofaufgsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if k|fjwfgx? nfu" x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ ;ldltsf] u7g M g]kfn ;/sf/n] lrofaufgsf] k|j4{g, gLlt lgdf{0f /
tT;DaGwL cfjZos ;/;Nnfx lbgsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd Pp6f ;ldlt
u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_ af;:yfgsf] k|aGw M lrofaufgsf] glhs 3/ gx'g] lrofaufgsf
sfdbf/x?nfO{ Joj:yfksn] lrofaufg leq pko'Qm cfjf;sf] k|aGw ug{'
kg{]5 .
-u_ k|fylds :jf:Yof]krf/sf] k|aGw M Joj:yfksn] lrofaufg leq sfo{/t
sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/x? tyf lghx?sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d]t ;fgf
ltgf rf]6k6s nfu]sf avt lgMz'Ns k|fylds pkrf/ u/fpg Ps tfnLd
k|fKt sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /xg] u/L Ps k|fylds :jf:Yof]krf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf
ug{' kg{]5 .
17

$^=
-3_ ;'/Iff ;fdu|L M lrofaufgsf sfdbf/x?sf] JolStut ;'/Iffsf] lgldQ
cfjZos kg{] ;'/Iff ;fdu|L tyf cf}hf/x? Joj:yfksn] pknAw u/fpg'
kg{]5 .
-ª_ k|fylds ljBfnosf] Joj:yf M lrofaufgn] pknAw u/fPsf] cfjf;df a:g]
lrofaufgsf] sfdbf/x?sf] k|fylds lzIff xfl;n ug{] kfFr b]lv rf}w jif{
pd]/sf krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L afnaflnsf ePdf / To:tf] lrofaufgaf6
Ps lsnf]ld6/ ;Ddsf] b"/Ldf s'g} ljBfno gePsf lrofaufgsf]
Joj:yfksn] To:tf afnaflnsfx?sf] lgldQ k|fylds ljBfnosf] ;~rfng
ug{' kg{]5 .
-r_ b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t' M lrofaufg glhs ahf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf sfdbf/
sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgldQ Joj:yfksn] b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' ;/n tl/sfaf6
pknAw x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg{]5 .
-5_ dgf]/Ghgsf] k|aGw M lrofaufgsf sfdbf/x?sf] dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s
ljsf;sf nflu pko'Qm v]ns"bsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf lrofaufg leq}
Joj:yfksn] ug{' kg{]5 .
-h_ 7]Ssfdf sfd nufpg]M lrofaufgsf] s'g} lglZrt sfd 7]Ssfdf ;DkGg ug{]
;DaGwdf lrofaufgsf sfdbf/ / Joj:yfks aLr ;D´f}tf ug{ o; bkmfn]
afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu,–
-s_ ælrofaufgÆ eGgfn] Jofkfl/s p2]Zon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf]
lrofaufg ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sf/vfgf :yfkgf ePsf]df To;nfO{
;d]t hgfpg]5 .
-v_ ælrofaufgsf sfdbf/Æ eGgfn] lrofaufgsf] hUufdf vGg], hf]Tg], ;Dofpg],
´f]g{], 5g]{, /f]Kg], uf]8\g], sf6\g], l6Kg], pv]Ng] / To:t} cGo sfd ug{] JolQm
;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lrofaufgsf] 3/, hUuf jf d]lzg/L jf To;sf] s'g}
efusf] ;/;kmfO{ ug{] jf lrofaufg;+u ;DalGwt c? s'g} sfd ug{] AolQmnfO{
;d]t hgfpg]5 .
lgdf{0f Joj;fo M lgdf{0f Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if k|fjwfgx? nfu" x'g]5g\ M–
18

$&=
-s_ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cf}hf/x?sf] Joj:yf M lgdf{0f:yndf lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg
sfdbf/x?sf] lgldQ cfjZos kg{] cf}hf/ tyf ;fdu|Lx? kof{Kt dfqfdf
Joj:yfkss} kIfaf6 pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ælgdf{0f sfo{Æ eGgfn] ejg, ;8s,
k'n, gx/, ;'?ª, cfGtl/s tyf cGt/b]zLo hndfu{, /]ndfu{sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ jf
ljB't jf 6]lnkmf]g jf 6]lnu|fkm nufotsf b"/ ;+rf/ ;DaGwL cf}hf/ jf d]lzg
h8fg ug{] jf cGo lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ;D´g' k5{ .
-v_ c:yfoL lgdf{0f:yndf x'g' kg{] ljz]if Joj:yf M krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/
;+nUg x'g] c:yfoL lgdf{0f sfo{:yn glhs af;:yfg gx'g] sfdbf/x?sf] nflu
Joj:yfksn] af;:yfg, vfB ;fdu|L, lkpg] kfgL cflbsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-u_ b'3{6gf aLdf M Joj:yfksn] lgdf{0f :yndf sfd ug{] sfdbf/x?sf] b'3{6gf aLdf
tf]lsP adf]lhd u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-3_ ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw M -!_ Joj:yfksn] lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g] :ynx?df cfjZos tyf pko'Qm
;'/Iffsf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ Joj:yfksn] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/sf] lgldQ cfjZos kg{] JolQmut
;'/Iff ;DaGwL pks/0f -k;{gn k|f]6]lS6e OlSjkd]06_ sf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
oftfoft Joj;fo
M -!_ oftfoft Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if k|fjwfgx? nfu"
x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ sfd ug{] ;do M -!_ ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{
uGtJo :yfgdf gk'u];Dd sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
t/ nfdf] af6f] -nª?6_ df dflg; cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] ;jf/L ;fwgdf clgjfo{
?kdf cfnf] kfnf] u/L rnfpg slDtdf b'O{ hgf rfnssf] Joj:yf x'g' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f
M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ænfdf] af6f]Æ eGgfn]
;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -/_
adf]lhdsf] nfdf] af6f] -nª?6_ ;D´g' k5{ .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
19

-@_ hLj hGt' jf dfn;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] nfdf] b"/Ldf rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
rfnsnfO{ uGtJo :yfgdf k'Ug' cl3 7fpF 7fpFdf cf/fd ug{] Joj:yf x'g' kg{]5 .
-v_ 6«Lk eQf M oftfoft ;]jfsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbgdf cf7 306f eGbf
a9L ;do sfddf nufOPdf To;/L a9L ;do sfd u/] afkt lghn] kfpg]
kfl/>ldssf] 8]9L kfl/>lds lbg' kg{]5 .
t/ rfn" /x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ 6«Lk eQf,
v'/fsL eQf jf cGo o:t} eQf lbPsf] cj:yfdf o; bkmf adf]lhd a9L ;do
sfd u/] afkt To:tf] eQf jf lghn] kfpg] kfl/>ldssf] 8]9L /sddWo] h'g
a9L x'G5 ;f]xL kfpg]5 .
-u_ ;jf/L ;fwg lau|]sf] tyf s'g} sf/0fn] ;jf/L /f]lsPsf] cj:yfdf krf;
k|ltzt eQf kfpg] M rfn" /x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ uGtJo :yfgdf gk'Ub} ;jf/L ;fwg lau|L rNg g;Sg] cj:yf
ePsf] jf s'g} sf/0fn] Ps}:yfgdf ;jf/L ;fwg /f]sL /fVg' k/]sf] cj:yfdf
lghx?n] ;jf/L ;fwg rfn"/x]sf] cj:yfdf kfpg] u/]sf] eQfsf] krf;
k|ltzt eQf kfpg] 5g\ .
-3_ b'3{6gf aLdf M Joj:yfksn] rfn"/x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] b'3{6gfsf] aLdf ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$(
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-ª_ k|fylds pkrf/ ;DaGwL ;fdu|L M oftfoft Joj;fo ;~rfnsn] k|To]s ;jf/L
;fwgdf cfjZos cf}iflw / k|fylds pkrf/sf kof{Kt ;fdu|Lx? /fVg' kg{]5 .
-r_ dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jgdf k|ltaGw M -!_ dflg;, hLjhGt' jf dfnj:t' cf];f/
k;f/ ug{] ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] ;jf/L ;fwg
rnfpg' cl3b]lv uGtJo :yfgdf gk'u];Dd dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
20

-@_ dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L ;jf/L ;fwg rnfPdf To:tf] sfo{nfO{ v/fa cfr/0f
u/]sf] dfgL ;DalGwt Joj:yfksn] To:tf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg
;Sg]5 .
t/ To;/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg' cl3 ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f k]z
ug{] df}sf lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkv08 -@_ cGtu{tsf] cfb]zaf6 dsf{ kg{] JolQmn] ;]jfaf6 x6fPsf] ;"rgf
kfPsf] k}+tL; lbg leq >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-5_ sldzg Ph]06 M oftfoft k|lti7fgsf] xflh/L lstfadf btf{ gePsf] a'lsª jf
dfna:t' 9'jfgL ug{] sldzg Ph]06nfO{ of] P]g cGtu{tsf ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g]
5}g .
-h_ :jfldTj kl/jt{g M oftfoft Joj;foLn] cfkmgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;jf/L
;fwg laqmL u/L jf cGo sf/0faf6 :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 ;jf/L
;fwgdf sfo{/t :yfoL jf Ps jif{ cljlR5Gg ;]jf u/]sf sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ x6fpg cfjZos ePdf o; P]g adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] ;'ljwf tyf
Ifltk"lt{sf] cltl/Qm Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr ePsf] cfk;L
;D´f}tf jf ;d´bf/Laf6 yk Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] eP To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t lbP/
;]jfaf6 x6fpg kfpg]5 .
-@_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æoftfoft Joj;foÆ eGgfn] oflGqs ;fwgsf]
dfWodaf6 rNg] ;jf/Lsf] ;fwgåf/f ef8f lnO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{] 7fpF;Dd dflg; jf
hLjhGt' jf dfn;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] oftfoft ;]jf ;D´g' k5{ .
-#_ bz hgf eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] oftfot Joj;fo
;DaGwL k|lti7fgsf] xsdf klg of] bkmfdf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf / bkmf $, !), &@, &# /
kl/R5]b $ / * sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
$*= xf]6]n, 6«fen, 6«]lsË, , P8e]Gr/, ¥ofkm
fkm6Lª, hËn, ;kmf/L cflb Joj;fo
M xf]6]n, 6«fen,
6«]lsË, P8e]Gr/, ¥ofkm6Lª, hËn, ;kmf/L cflb Joj;fo ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if
k|fjwfgx? nfu" x'g]5g\ M–
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
21

-s_ dlxnfnfO{ sfddf nufpg ;lsg] M xf]6n jf 6«fen Ph]G;Lsf xsdf sfdsf]
k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df ljz]if ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw u/L dlxnfO{ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg
sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-v_ 6«]lsË jf ¥ofkm6Lªdf ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;'/Iff M
-!_ 6«]lsË, ¥ofkm6Lª jf cGo P8e]Gr/df ;+nUg sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgldQ
cfjZostfg';f/ JolStut ;'/Iff ;DaGwL pks/0f -k;{gn k|f]6]lS6e
OlSjkd]06_ / :jf:Yosf] arfpsf] nflu df};d cg';f/ cfjZos n'uf, h'Qf
cflbsf] Joj:yf Joj:yfksn] ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ cfjZostfg';f/sf] p4f/sfo{ ug{], u/fpg] pQ/bfloTj ;DalGwt
Joj:yfkssf] x'g]5 .
-u_ b'3{6gf aLdf u/fpg' kg]{ M Joj:yfksn] 6«]lsË, ¥ofkm6Lª, hËn, ;kmf/L jf cGo
P8e]Gr/df sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] clgjfo{ ?kn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
b'3{6gf aLdf u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-3_ kmLN8 eQf cflb lbg'kg{] M 6«]lsË, ¥ofkm6Lª jf cGo P8e]Gr/df ;+nUg sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{:yndf k7fpFbf Joj:yfksn] kmLN8 eQf, v'/fsL eQf jf cGo
o:t} eQf lbg' kg{]5 / o:tf] eQf lbPsf]df o; P]g adf]lhd a9L sfd u/] afktsf]
a9L Hofnf lbg' kg{] 5}g .
-ª_ k|fylds pkrf/sf] Joj:yf M 6«]lsª, ¥ofkm6Lª jf cGo P8e]Gr/df ;+nUg
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{:yndf k7fpFbf cfjZostfg';f/ kof{Kt dfqfdf
k|fylds pkrf/sf cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|Lx? Joj:yfksn] pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
$(= cGo Joj:yf klg nfu" x'g] M bkmf $%, $^, $&, / $* df plNnlvt k|lti7fgx?sf] xsdf
o; kl/R5]bdf plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] cltl/St of] P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodsf]
Joj:yf klg nfu" x'g]5 .
22

kl/R5]b – *
cfr/0f / ;hfo
%)= ;hfosf] k|sf/ M Joj:yfksn] v/fa cfr/0f ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ gl;xt lbg],
-v_ jflif{s kfl/>lds a[l4 /f]Ssf ug{],
-u_ lgnDag ug{], jf
-3_ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] .
%!= v/fa cfr/0f M bkmf %) sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] b]xfosf] cfr/0fnfO{
v/fa cfr/0f dflgg]5 M–
-s_ >d ljjfb jf cGo ljifonfO{ lnP/ Joj:yfks, k|aGws jf sd{rf/Lsf] lj?4 s'g}
lsl;dsf] xftxltof/ k|of]u u/L jf gu/L zf/Ll/s rf]6 jf cf3ft k'¥ofPdf jf afFw]df
jf y'g5]s u/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] If]qleq x'nbËf jf tf]8kmf]8 jf s'6lk6 u/]df,
-v_ k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg jf ;]jf k|lqmofdf c;/ kg{] u/L s'g} czflGt pTkGg ug]{ sfo{
u/] u/fPdf jf cGg kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g, ljB't ;]jf aGb u/]df jf k|lti7fg leq cfjt
hfjt ug{ glbPdf,
-u_ k|lti7fgsf] ;DkQL rf]/L u/]df .
-u!_ k|lti7fgsf] sf/f]af/df lxgfldgf u/]df,
-u@_ lagf ;"rgf nuftf/ tL; lbgeGbf a9L ;do;Dd k|lti7fgdf pkl:yt gePdf .
-3_
-ª_
-r_
-5_
3"; lng] lbg] u/]df,
g}lts ktg b]lvg] s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf bf]ifL k|dfl0ft eO{ s}bsf] ;hfo kfPdf,
clgoldt jf cj}w 3f]lift ePsf] x8tfndf efu lnPdf jf efu lng afWo u/fPdf,
sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f gu/L x8tfn u/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] lxt k|lts"n x'g] u/L
hfgfhfgL sfo{ ;':tL u/]df,
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
23

-h_ k|lti7fgsf] ;DklQ hfgf hfgL tf]8kmf]8 u/]df jf To;nfO{ Iflt k'¥ofPdf jf
clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] :jLs[lt lagf k|lti7fg aflx/ nuL k|of]u u/]df jf
cglws[t JolQmnfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbPdf,
-´_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]z jf lgb{]zg jf
k|lti7fgn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] hfgfhfgL a/fa/ pNn+3g u/]df jf k|lti7fgsf]
u|fxs;+u b'Jo{jxf/ u/]df,
-`_ :jLs[lt glnO{ a/fa/ sfddf u}/ xflh/ ePdf jf xflh/ x'g' kg{] ;do gf3L xflh/
x'g] u/]df,
-6_ sfo{ ;dodf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L cfPsf] jf ;]jg u/]sf] lrlsT;såf/f k|dfl0ft
-7_
ePdf
cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] k|lti7fgnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] To:tf] k|lti7fgsf]
pTkfbg ;"q jf ljz]if k|ljlw ;DaGwL uf]klgotf eË x'g] s'g} sfd u/]df, jf
%@=
-8_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] lxt, :jf:Yo / ;'/Iffsf] nflu /flvPsf] s'g} lrh j:t'nfO{
hfgL hfgL b'?kof]u u/]df jf gf]S;fg k'¥ofPdf .
;hfo M -!_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -´_, -`_, jf -8_ sf] cfr/0f ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
gl;xt lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -u!_, -r_, -5_ jf -h_ sf] cfr/0f ug{] nfO{ jflif{s
kfl/>lds a[l4 /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -v_, -3_ jf -6_ sf] cfr/0f ug{]nfO{ a9Ldf tLg
dxLgf;Dd lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -s_, -u_, -u@_, -ª_ jf -7_ sf] cfr/0f ug{]nfO{ ;]jfaf6
x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
24

-%_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -#_ cGtu{tsf] s'g} v/fa cfr/0f u/] afkt b'O{ k6s
;hfo kfO{ ;s]kl5 klg k'gM To:tf] cfr/0f ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg
;lsg]5 .
t/ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t kfPsf] ;hfo tLg jif{ Joltt eO;s]kl5 u0fgf ul/g]
5}g .
-^_ Joj:yfksn] o; bkmf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] eGbf sd ;hfo ug{ o; bkmfdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
%#= sfo{ljlw M -!_ :yfoL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ bkmf %@ cGtu{t ;hfo ug'{ cl3 v/fa
cfr/0f u/]sf] tYo / ;f] k|dfl0ft ePdf x'g ;Sg] ;hfo ;d]t :ki6 pNn]v u/L To:tf]
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfkmgf] :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ sDtLdf ;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ dlxgf gfl3;s]kl5 ;f] ;DaGwdf
s'g} sf/afxL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] :ki6Ls/0f k]z
gu/]df jf k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghnfO{ v/fa cfr/0f u/] afkt
bkmf %@ adf]lhd ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ To:tf] ;hfo ug]{ ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ubf{ :ki6Ls/0fdf dfu ul/Psf] b'O{
dlxgfleq ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf] Dofb ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] a'´L glnPdf
jf lgh u}/ xflh/ ePdf lghsf] gfpFsf] Dofb lghsf] 7]ufgfdf x'nfsaf6 /lhi6/ u/L
k7fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltlnkL k|lti7fgsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF;L ;f] 6fF;]sf] d'r'Nsf u/L ;f]
d'r'Nsfdf slDtdf tLg hgf JolQmnfO{ ;fIfL /fvL ;f] Dofbsf] Psk|lt ;DalGwt >d
sfof{nodf k7fPdf ;f] Dofbsf] hfgsf/L lgh sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
%$= >d ljefun] ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;Sg] M -!_ cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] k|lti7fg afx]s cGo k|lti7fg
jf ;/sf/L sfof{nodf u}/ sfg"gL tl/sfaf6 x'nbËf ug{] jf 3]/fp ug{] jf To:tf] ug{ k|ToIf
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
25

jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|f]T;fxg lbg] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ >d ljefun] bkmf %@ adf]lhd
s'g} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ug'{ kbf{ bkmf
%# adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg{]5 .
%%= Joj:yfks jf k|aGwssf] v/fa cfr/0f M -!_ Joj:yfks jf k|aGwsn] b]xfo adf]lhd
u/]df v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb{]zgsf]
pNn+3g jf cjx]ngf u/]df,
-v_ o; P]gsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L k|lti7fg aGb u/]df jf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf]
s6f}tL u/]df,
-u_ cj}w 3f]lift u/]sf] tfnfaGbL hf/L /fv]df,
-3_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ s'6kL6 jf xftkft u/]df, jf
-ª_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr j}dgZotf jf dgd'6fj Nofpg] p2]Zon] sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ pQ]lht kfg{] jf e8\sfpg] lqmofsnfk u/]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ Joj:yfks jf k|jGwsnfO{
%^=
;DalGwt >d sfof{non] bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf u/L s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
xflg gf]S;fgL k'u]sf] eP plrt Ifltk"lt{ lbnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd s6f}tL
ul/Psf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ axfnL u/fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ✂= =======================================
;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ afwf lbPdf ;hfo M o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s'g} sf/jfxLdf ;+nUg /x]sf]
s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ s;}n] afwf lbPdf jf lghn] cfkm"5]p k]z u/fpg rfx]sf] s'g}
/lhi6/ lstfa jf c? lnvt k]z gu/]df jf lghn] k]z u/fpg jf hfFRg cfb]z lbPsf] s'g}
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ pkl:yt gu/]df jf hfFRg glbPdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ >d sfof{non]
kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
✂
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
26

%&=
c? b08 ;hfo M o; P]gsf] cGo bkmfdf ;hfosf] Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s of] P]g jf o;
P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lnlvt cfb]z jf lgb{]zgsf] cGo s'g} s'/f
pNnª\3g ug{] JolStnfO{ To:tf] k|To]s s;"/ u/] afkt s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/ >d ljefun]
bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft eO;s] kl5 klg To:tf]
s;"/ rfn"g} /fv]df To;/L rfn"/flvPsf] k|To]s lbgsf] lgldQ yk Ps;o ?k}ofF h/Ljfgf
x'g]5 .
%*= sfd sf/jfO{ ab/ x'g] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{tsf] lgoddf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df
afx]s o; P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodsf] lak/Lt s'g} sfd s'/f eP u/]sf] /x]5
eg] ;f] sfd sf/jfO{ >d ljefusf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g]5 .
%(= d'2fsf] bfo/L / xbDofb M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf >d sfof{no
jf ;f] sfof{nosf] cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmsf] !y=jf kLl8t jf ;/f]sf/jfnf jf ;DalGwt 6«]8
o'lgogsf] ph"/Laf6 d'2f bfo/ x'g ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] ;hfo x'g] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf ;f] ldltn] tLg dxLgf leq
bfo/ ug{' kg{]5 .
✁ =====================================
^)=
-#_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/] afkt o; P]gsf] bkmf bkmfdf ;hfo ug{]
clwsf/L tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL clwsf/L ;dIf / ;f] afx]s c? s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f >d
cbfntdf bfo/ ug{' kg{]5 .
k'g/fj]bg M o; kl/R5]b cGt{ut lbPsf] s'g} ;hfo jf cfb]z pk/ lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn]
To:tf] ;hfo jf cfb]zsf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq b]xfo adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg
ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf >d ljefun] u/]sf] cfb]z pk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf,
-v_ >d cbfntn] z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf] xsdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf, /
-u_ Joj:yfks jf cGo clwsf/L jf sfof{non] u/]sf] ;hfo / cfb]z pk/ ;DalGwt
>d cbfntdf .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
✁
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f k|ltaGwfTDs jfSof+; lemlsPsf] .
27

^!=
^@=
^#=
^$=
^%=
b08 hl/jfgfsf] c;"nL M o; P]g adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08 hl/jfgf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b– (
;ldlt, clwsf/L / cGo Joj:yf
s]Gb|Lo >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] >d ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f Pj+ sfg"g
th{'df ug{] ;DaGwdf cfjZos /fo ;Nnfx k|fKt ug{sf] lgldQ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L,
Joj:yfks / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Ps lqkIfLo s]Gb|Lo >d ;Nnfxsf/
;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf] ;ldltsf] u7g ljlw, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltn] cfkmgf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw cfkm} Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
>d ;DaGw ;ldlt M -!_ k|To]s k|lti7fgdf Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L / Joj:yfkg
aLr ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L cfk;L ;xeflutf / ;dGjosf] cfwf/df :j:y >d
jf cf}Bf]lus ;DaGw ljsl;t ug{ Ps >d ;DaGw ;ldlt u7g ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] u7g ljlw, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf] ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
>d clws[tsf] lgo'lQm M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L s'g} If]qsf]
nflu cfjZostfg';f/ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L >d clws[tx?sf] lgo'lQm ug{ jf cGo s'g}
clws[tnfO{ >d clws[tsf] sfo{ ug{] u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
>d clws[tsf] clwsf/ M -!_ >d clws[tnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|lti7fgsf] lgldQ k|of]u eO/x]sf] :yfgdf cfjZostfg';f/ k|j]z ug{],
-v_ k|lti7fgdf /x]sf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L ;DaGwL sfuhft Pj+ /lhi6/ hfFr ug{],
-u_ >d ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ Nofpg cfjZos sfd ug{] jf ;Nnfx lbg],
-3_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L / Joj:yfks aLr pTkGg ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ k|oTg ug{],
-ª_ sNof0fsf/L Joj:yf nfu" gePsf]df To:tf] Joj:yf nfu" u/fpg] / To:tf]
Joj:yf nfu"eO/x]sf]df ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng eP gePsf] /]vb]v ug{],
-r_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds nfu" u/] gu/]sf] /]vb]v ug{],
28

^^=
^&=
^*=
-5_ o; P]gsf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu cfjZostfg';f/ s;}sf] aofg lng],
-h_ sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] ug{' kg{] k|fljlws sfd afx]ssf cGo
sfd ug{], /
-´_ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf >d ljefusf] lgb{]zfg';f/ cGo sfd ug{] .
-@_ >d clws[tsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L s'g}
If]qsf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L sf/vfgf lg/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ jf g]kfn
clw/fHo e/sf] nflu Pp6f k|d'v sf/vfgf lg/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] clwsf/ M -!_ sf/vfgf lg/LIfsnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ x'g]5
M–
-s_ sf/vfgfsf] lgldQ k|of]u u/L /fv]sf] :yfgdf cfjZostfg';f/ k|j]z ug{],
-v_ sf/vfgfsf] 3/, hUuf, KnfG6, d]lzg, :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL hfFr ug{],
sf/vfgfdf k|of]u ul/g] tof/L / cw{tof/L j:t'x?sf] gd"gf lnO{ hfFRg], hfFRg
nufpg], sf/vfgf ;DaGwL /lhi6/ / sfuhft x]g{] / cfjZostfg';f/ s;}sf]
aofg lng],
-u_ Jjfon/ tyf k]|;/ e];nx? hfFr u/L ;~rfngsf] nflu Ohfht lbg],
-3_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] tfnLdsf] Joj:yf ug{ Joj:yfksnfO{ cfjZos
;/;Nnfx / ;xof]u lbg],
-ª_ >d clws[t gePsf] cj:yfdf lghsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|of]u ug{], /
-r_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / >d ljefusf] lgb{]zfg';f/ cGo sfo{x? ug{] .
-@_ sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
sNof0fsf/L clws[t M -!_ b'O{;o krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /xg]
k|lti7fgdf Ps sNof0fsf/L clws[t / Psxhf/ eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L ePsf]df
yk Pshgf ;xfos sNof0fsf/L clws[t ;d]t lgo'Qm ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ b'O{;o krf; eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L ePsf] k|lti7fgsf] Joj:yfksn] ;f]xL
k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t s'g} clws[tnfO{ sNof0fsf/L clws[t tf]Sg jf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sNof0fsf/L clws[t / ;xfos sNof0fsf/L clws[t lgo'Qm
ul/Psf]df To;sf] hfgsf/L >d ljefunfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
29

-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm jf tf]lsPsf] sNof0fsf/L clws[t Pj+ ;xfos
sNof0fsf/L clws[tsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^(= k|lti7fg :yfkgf ug{ hgfp lbg' kg{] M -!_ s'g} 3/ hUufdf k|lti7fg v8f ug{, agfpg
jf eO/x]sf]nfO{ a9fpg k/]df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ Joj:yfksn] >d
sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ljj/0f pk/ ;DalGwt >d sfof{non]
hfFra'´ ubf{ :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff / kof{j/0f ;d]tsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 plNnlvt ljj/0fdf x]/km]/ ug{
cfjZos b]lvPdf ;f] ug{ lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb{]zg kfng ug{' ;DalGwt
Joj:yfkssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
&)= Joj:yfksn] ;"rgf lbg' kg{] M -!_ Joj:yfksn] k|lti7fgsf] lgldQ s'g} gofF 3/ hUuf ef]u
rng jf pkof]u ug{' kbf{ To;sf] kGw| lbg cufj} ;DalGwt >d sfof{no ;dIf tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ Joj:yfks jf k|aGwsn] cfkmgf] sfo{ef/ klxnf] k6s ;Dxfn]sf] ldltn]
;ft lbg leq To;sf] ;"rgf >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
&!=
;"rgf / kf]i6/ M >d clws[t jf sf/vfgf lg/LIfsn] k|lti7fgsf] Joj:yfks jf
k|aGwsnfO{ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf] lgodx?df Joj:yf ul/Psf] tyf sd{rf/L
;DaGwL :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff Pj+ sNof0fsf/L Joj:yf ;DaGwL ;"rgf / kf]i6/ ;a}n] ;xh} b]Vg /
a'‰g ;Sg] u/L k|lti7fgdf k|bz{g ug{' kg{] u/L lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!)
>d ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg
&@=
>d cbfntsf] u7g M -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sflzt u/L >d cbfnt u7g ug{]5 . To:tf] cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q / d'sfd
;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t >d cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg >d cbfnt u7g
geP;Dd o; P]g adf]lhd cbfntaf6 x'g] sfd sf/jfxL k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 x'g]5 .
30

&@s= dfgxfgLdf sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg] M >d cbfntn] cfkmgf] cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfpg
;Sg]5 / cjx]ngf u/]sf] 7x/fPdf cleo'QmnfO{ kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{
dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ cbfntnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L cleo'Qmn] Ifdfofrgf u/]df cbfntn] lghnfO{ Ifdf ug{
jf ;hfo tf]ls;s]sf] eP ;hfo dfkm ug{, 36fpg jf cbfntn] tf]s]sf] zt{df ;hfo
d'ntaL /fvL To:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ePdf ;hfo sfof{Gjog gug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
&#=
JolQmut bfaL jf ph"/L ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfks;+u ;]jf ;DaGwdf JolQmut bfaL jf ph"/L ePdf ;DalGwt sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/Ln] ;DalGwt Joj:yfks ;dIf lnlvt ?kdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfaL jf ph"/L k|fKt ePkl5 Joj:yfksn] kGw| lbg leq
;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L;+u 5nkmn u/L ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 5nkmn ubf{ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Ln] cfkmgf] bfaL :ki6 pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf lgj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] bfaL k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbg leq >d sfof{non] Joj:yfks
/ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr b'O{ kIfLo 5nkmn u/fO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' kg{]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg gePdf ;DalGwt >d sfof{nosf] k|d'vn]
;ft lbg leq k|:t't ljjfbdf lg0f{o ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ cGtu{tsf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn] lg0f{o ePsf] ;"rgf kfPsf]
ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&$= ;fd"lxs ljjfb ;DaGwL bfaL k]z ug{] sfo{ljlw M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;fd"lxs xs, lxt / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL bfaL :ki6;+u pNn]v u/L k|lti7fgsf ;DalGwt
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx? dWo] slDtdf PsfpGg k|ltztn] x:tfIf/ u/L cfkmgf] k|ltlglwx?
;d]t vf]nL lghx? dfkm{t ;DalGwt Joj:yfks ;dIf lnlvt dfu bfaL k|:t't ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljjfb ;DaGwL bfaL k|fKt ePkl5 Joj:yfksn] ;f]xL
pkbkmf adf]lhdsf] k|ltlglwx?;+u låkIfLo jftf{ u/L PSsfO; lbg leq ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L
;D´f}tf ug{' kg{]5 .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
31

&%=
&^=
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg gePdf >d sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df låkIfLo
jftf{ u/fO{ kGw| lbg leq ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd jftf{åf/f ;d:of ;dfwfg gePdf Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/L b'a} kIfsf] kf/:kl/s dGh"/Laf6 lgo'Qm dWo:y ;dIf jf To:tf] dWo:y lgo'Qm x'g
g;s]df b'a} kIfsf] dGh"/Ln] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L, Joj:yfks / ;/sf/sf] ;d]t ;dfg ;+Vofdf
k|ltlglwTj ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ul7t lqkIfLo ;ldlt ;dIf ljjfb k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dWo:y jf ;ldltn] kGw| lbg leq lg0f{o ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ cGtu{tsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn] lg0f{o ePsf] ;"rgf kfPsf]
ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq dWo:y jf ;ldltn] lg0f{o gu/]df jf pkbkmf -
^_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df ;f] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lg0f{o gePdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] bkmf &^ sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L
x8\tfn ug{ ;Sg]5 .
bfjL k|:t't ug{df k|ltaGw M o; cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
dfu jf bfaL k|:t't ug{ kfOg] 5}g M–
-s_ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg k|lts"n x'g],
-v_ ck|dfl0ft jf cfwf/xLg cf/f]ksf] cfwf/df s;}sf] lxt k|lts"n x'g],
-u_ s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut cfr/0fdf c;/ kg{] ljifo,
-3_ cfkmgf] k|lti7fg;+u c;DalGwt ljifo, /
-ª_ ;fd"lxs ;D´f}tf ePsf] b'O{ jif{ Joltt geO{ .
x8tfn ug{ ;"rgf lbg' kg{] M bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ df pNn]lvt k|s[ofaf6 dfusf]
;dfwfg x'g g;sL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf x8tfn ug{ rfx]df cfkmgf] dfu bfaL
/ To;sf] cf}lrTo ;lxtsf] ;"rgf tL; lbg cufj} ;DalGwt Joj:yfks ;dIf ;Dk"0f{
sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx? dWo] slDtdf ;f7L k|ltztn] uf]Ko dtbfgaf6 kfl/t u/]sf]
k|:tfj / ;f] ;DaGwL lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{ To:sf] hfgsf/L >d ljefu, ;DalGwt >d
sfof{no / :yfgLo k|zf;gnfO{ lbO{ x8tfn ug{ ;Sg]5 .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
32

&&=
&*=
tfnfaGbL M -!_ bkmf &^ cg';f/ k"j{ ;"rgf glbO{ x8tfn u/]df jf x8tfn hf/L /fv]df jf
bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|s[ofaf6 ;fd"lxs ljjfb ;dfwfg geO{ Joj:yfks
kIfaf6 cf}lrTo ;lxtsf] k'i6\ofO{ lbO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|lti7fgn] tfnfaGbL
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tfnfaGbL ug{' cl3 x8tfn ;dfKt gu/]df tfnfaGbL
x'g]5 egL slDtdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;a} sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
tfnfaGbLsf] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L Joj:yfksn] ;"rgf hf/L ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ x8tfn cjlwdf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Laf6 3]/fp, x'nbËf, tf]8kmf]8 cflb eO{
k|lti7fgnfO{ Iflt k'Ug hfg] l:ylt ePdf Joj:yfksn] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] k|s[of k"/f gu/L
klg tfnfaGbL ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L tfnfaGbL ul/Pdf tfnfaGbL ug{' k/]sf] cf}lrTo ;lxtsf]
hfgsf/L tLg lbg leq >d sfof{no / >d ljefunfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ s'g} k|lti7fgdf nufOPsf] tfnfaGbL cf}lrToxLg b]lvPdf jf ;f] af6 b]zsf]
zflGt / ;'/Iffdf vnn kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf jf b]zsf] cfly{s lxtsf] k|lts"n x'g] ePdf
To:tf] tfnfaGbLnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;dodf cj}w 3f]lift ug{ ;Sg]5 .
x8tfn ug{ k|ltaGw M -!_ o; P]gdf o; cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|rlnt
sfg"gn] s'g} k|lti7fgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] x8tfn ug{ gkfpg] u/L k|ltaGw
nufPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] x8tfn ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} k|lti7fgsf] lgoGq0f, ;'/Iff / kfnf] kx/f ug]{ sfo{df lgo'Qm ePsf jf
vl6Psf sd{rf/Ln] klg x8tfndf efu lng kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ cg';f/ x8tfn ug{ gkfpg] sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkmgf] hfoh
dfux? Joj:yfks ;dIf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] dfu ;dfwfg geO{ ljjfb pTkGg x'g
uPdf ;f] sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps l6«Jo"gn u7g ug]{5 . l6«Jo"gnsf] lg0f{o
clGtd / b'a} kIfnfO{ dfGo x'g]5 .
-$_ bkmf &$ cGtu{tsf] sf/jfxL rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf x8tfn jf tfnfaGbL ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
33

&(=
;fd"lxs ;D´f}tfsf] sfg"gL dfGotf M -!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L tyf Joj:yfkssf] aLrdf
pTkGg ljjfbsf] 6'Ëf] nufpg ul/Psf] ;D´f}tf ;DalGwt kIfsf] lgldQ sfg"g ;/x
dflgg]5 / ;f] ;D´f}tf >d sfof{nodf btf{ ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd btf{ ul/Psf] ;D´f}tfdf ;f] ;D´f}tf nfu" x'g] ldlt
pNn]v ePsf]df ;f]xL ldlt b]lv / To:tf] ldlt pNn]v gul/Psf]df >d sfof{nodf btf{
ePsf] ldltaf6 nfu" x'g]5 / nfu" ePsf] ldltaf6 b'O{ jif{ ;Dd ;D´f}tfdf plNnlvt
Aoj:yfx?sf] ;DaGwdf k'gM dfu /fVg kfOg] 5}g .
&(s= ;fd'lxs ;D´f}tfsf] sfof{Gjog M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ul/Psf] ;fd'lxs ;D´f}tfsf]
sfof{Gjog gePdf ;DalGwt kIfn] >d sfof{nodf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ph'/L k/]df >d sfof{non] cfjZostf cg';f/ bkmf
@% sf] pkbkmf -%_ df plNnlvt k|s[of ;d]t cjnDag u/L ;fd'lxs ;D´f}tfsf]
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*)= x8tfnnfO{ /f]Sg cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd ul/g]
elgPsf] jf rfn"ul/Psf] x8tfnn] c;fwf/0f l:ylt pTkGg eO{ b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iffdf
vnn kfg{ ;Sg] b]lvPdf jf b]zsf] cfly{s lxtsf] k|lts"n x'g] ePdf jf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cTofjZos ;]jfdf ePsf] x8tfnnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;dodf
/f]Sg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
*!= tfnfaGbLsf] cjlwsf] ;dfKtL M s'g} k|lti7fgdf tfnfaGbL ul/Psf]df k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/Lx? sfddf pkl:yt ePdf jf Joj:yfksn] tfnfaGbL ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff
u/]df jf bkmf && adf]lhd tfnfaGbLnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cj}w 3f]lift u/]df jf bkmf *)
adf]lhd x8tfn /f]Sg] cfb]z lbPdf To;/L cj}w 3f]lift ePsf] jf cfb]z lbPsf] ldlt b]lv
tfnfaGbL ;dfKt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
*@=
tfnfaGbLsf] cjlwsf] kfl/>lds M cj}w tfnfaGbLsf] cjlwsf] kfl/>lds sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
*#= ljjfb ;dfwfg;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L tyf Joj:yfks aLr
s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] jf x'g] ;Defjgf 5 egL g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ nfu]df To:tf]
ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L JolQmsf] ;ldlt jf
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
34

Joj:yfks, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglw ;dfj]z ePsf] lqkIfLo
;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 / b'a} kIfnfO{ dfGo x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltnfO{ ´u8fsf] ;DaGwdf ;fIfL k|df0f a'‰g],
;fIfLx?nfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg], lnvtx? k]z u/fpg] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b– !!
ljljw
*$= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sf] ljz]if clwsf/ M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] s]Gb|Lo >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt;+u k/fdz{ u/L o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f
g]kfn /fhqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L s'g} k|lti7fgsf] xsdf nfu" gx'g] u/L 5"6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ bzhgf eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf k|lti7fgsf xsdf
;d]t Go"gtd kfl/>lds tyf o; P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf s]xL ;'ljwfx? g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
*$s= k|lti7fg aflx/sf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_
k|lti7fg aflx/sf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfddf nufpg] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] b'O{ kIf
aLr lnlvt ;D´f}tf ePsf]df ;f] ;D´f}tf adf]lhd / ;D´f}tf gePsf]df sfddf nufPsf]
lbgsf] kfl/>lds ;ft lbgleq lbO{;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ kfl/>lds glbPdf jf lbg
l9nfO{ u/]df ;f] af6 dsf{ kg]{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] >d sfof{no ePsf] lhNnfdf >d
sfof{nodf / >d sfof{no gePsf] lhNnfdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf cfkm"n] kfpg' kg]{
kfl/>lds kfpg ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} ph'/L k/]df ;DalGwt >d sfof{no jf k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] To;/L kfl/>lds glbg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
klnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
35

l´sfO{ To:tf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] kfl/>lds bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf]
k|lqmofaf6 e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
*%= afwf c8sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/ M of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} afwf c8sfp k/]df
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfb]z hf/L u/L afwf c8sfp
k'msfpg ;Sg]5 .
*^=
lgodx? agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgodx?
agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkg{] u/L tL
lgodx?df ljz]if u/]/ b]xfosf ljifox?df Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ dhb"/x?sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL,
-v_ /f]huf/ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{,
-u_ cltl/Qm ;do sfd u/fpg] zt{x?,
-3_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] bIftf a[l4 ug{] k|lzIf0f ;~rfng ug{,
-ª_ >d cbfnt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw,
-r_ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbg] Ifltk"lt{,
-5_ sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tYof+s ;+sng, /
-h_ >d ahf/sf] ;"rgf ;+sng .
*&= ljlgod pknAw u/fpg' kg{] M k|To]s k|lti7fgn] cfkmgf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, zt{
;DaGwdf agfPsf] ljlgodsf] k|lt ;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
**= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sf] :jfldTj ePsf] k|lti7fg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf
cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf zt{sf] xsdf ;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf]
;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL lgod jf ljlgoddf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd / sfdbf/sf] xsdf o;} P]g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*(= g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
Joj:yfksnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
36

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfng gug]{ Joj:yfksnfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] k6s} lkR5] aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
()= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]g cGtu{t cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L s'g} clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
(!= of] P]g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf n]lvP hlt o;} P]g adf]lhd / c?df k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(@=
vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ g]kfn sf/vfgf / sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{] dhb"/ ;DaGwL P]g, @)!^
vf/]h ul/Psf]5 .
-@_ g]kfn sf/vfgf / sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{] dhb"/ ;DaGwL P]g, @)!^ cGtu{t
eP u/]sf] sfd sf/jfO{ o;} P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
bi6«Jo M>d -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%$ åf/f ?kfGtl/t zAb M–
ætnaÆ sf] ;§f ækfl/>ldsÆ .
klxnf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
37