Rajaraman. Solitons and instantons - LMPT

344 567897:7;< =>:=?7@=;:79AB5CD=; EBF::GHI@C17;55= >=9@77EB:5CD@CD5JB;K &'())*+,-&.(+-/01,)25579CD;R8B95C1@E7:>=9? BA7@5=9?GE5CD8E75 CD; B; S OTPCD;AB9C1B;5567=9J CD; 5F= KCD?7;:CD=;:UDB;K OCDC1I1P567 R7;79BE 89C1;@C18E7:=>VW?B59CDX567=9JDY6797@=GEK Z7:7A79BEKC1[797;5\BR9B;RCDB; >LM@5=9C1:B5C1=;NDOI1C1P567>B@556B5567:QOTPCD;AB9CDB;@7 ]7EK567=^CD7:F6C1@6:B5CD:>JBEE567:7@=;KCD5CD=;:CD;@EGKCD;RS7; :G98^CD:CD;_C1>F76BK =Z5BC1;7K 567:B?7Va?B59C1X>=9BEE=>567?Db 6B5CD: 97?B9cBZE7C1:56B5F76Bd7@=?756C1:>B9ZB:7K=;:G@6Z9=BK97eGC197?7;5: FC156B_CDA7;TDY67CD9KJ;B?CD@:@=GEKZ7KCD[797;5NB;KC15F=GEK6BA7`5=K7@C1K7FiB5jkk >B@5=9:=>5675J87OlDmmP;77K5=Z7CD;59=Kn@7KNCD>B;JN F7CoG:5E==c@E=:79B5567KJ;B?p1@:ZJ:5B95CD;_FC156567:87@C1]@gB_9B;_C1B; FCD56=G5c;=FE7K_7=>567f897@CD:7gB_9B;_C1B;DhJ567:B?7@=G;5UC1;=9K79=>567?=K7ECD;eG7:5C1=;DY67:B?797?B9c6=EK:>=9]XCD;_567ABEG7=>567uu v@B:7NB;K>=9@6==:CD;_Z75F77;wB;K uwCD; 567T xy z@B:7D Y=C1EEG:59B576=F 56C1:?BJZ7K=;7E75G:@=;:CDK79:=ECD5=;:Q 5579CD;RC1;567 >9778B9B?q579rsI1;56t7T}~|567=9J1€:F7 6BA7BE97BKJ ?7;5CD=;7KN56CD: ‚ ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ 567=9J _C1A7:B; C1;];Œ157 ;G?Z79=>E=Q E@=;:79AB5C1=; EBF:N?=97 56B; :GŽ@CD7;55=7;:G97>B@5=9CD:B5C1=;D€E56=G_6;=5=ZACD=G:>9=? E==cCD;_B5567 >B?CDEC1B9:CD;7{|=9K=;BE:= 7;‘1=J:6C1KK7; S OvPCD;AB^CDB;@7DY= :77 56C1: _9B;_CDB;N56C1:567=9JžŸ — :J??759J7X8ECD@C15EJN=;7?G:5C1;A=c7567¤KC1:=9K79N8B9B?7579=>567567=9J O¥BKB;=[ B;K j7AB ¦ml¦PB;K 56B5CD:Z7J=;K 567 :@=87 =>56CD: Z==cD §=F7A79UF7@B;5Bc7BKdB;5B_7=>5677eGCDABE7;@7=>567~| ’“”•–—ƒ˜š—›œ Þ ¡¢£©P?=K7EUKCD:@G::7KCª;:7@5CD=;lD«DY67¨ Y ?=K7E6B: ¬ 56qF7EE­c;=F; ® O¦P:J??75^JG;K79¯ ° 7±²¯ DY6CD:CD:7::7;5C1BEEJSOvP 567=9J5=567O¯ ´ ¯ªµPvB;K O¯ ?B::CDd7Y6CD99CD;_O¨ ¯ µPvCDB@5CD;R B:B; S OvPK=GZE75D ~C1;@¸567>79?C1=;¹B;KB;5C1>7º?C1=;:=>567» © ?=K7E6BA7Z77;C1K7;5CD]7K · :J??759J³FCD56567:=EC15=;:B;K ?=K7EUCª5CD: Š 97B:=;BZE7 5= :G__7:556B5NC1>½ B;K ½ :5B;K >=9 :=ECD5=; B;K 567 B;5C1:=ECª5=;¾567; 9q:87@5C1A7EJFCª56 567B¼5CD:=ECD5=;:=>567~|uu O½ À ÁŠPv B;K ½Âuu O½ u ½ŠPvCD OlD¦Ã P ¿ Ý>=9? BK=GZE75G;K795676CDKK7;S OvP:J??759JDY67K7@=?8=:C15C1=;=>567 ½ ÄVÅÆVÂB;K VÇF=GEK ;=F Z7CD; 579?:=>S OvP57;:=9:D©67 C1;KC1@q:ÈUÉUÊB;KËC1;OlDl¦P5Bc7567ABEG7:¦=9vDÌ6J:CD@BEEJ?=97;B5G9BE Í K7];C15Cª=;¹ @=997:8=;K 5= 567 >=9FB9K ½Î½ :@B5579C1;_ O59B;:?C1::C1=;P V­?B59CªXCª;5=½{½ŠO97Ñ7@5C1=;PB?8ECª5GK7VÒOÓPB;K 567 ½{½ B?8ECª5GK7VOÐP>=9F6Cª@656797Cª:;=KC1[797;@7Z75F77;>=9FB9KB;K:@B5579C1;_DÔY67½Õ{½Ö B?8ECD5GK7CD:BE:= VOÐPZ7@BG:7=>567×Ø B?8ECª5GK7VÏOÐPU567ZB@cFB9K×¹J??759J=>56Ú 567=9JDPÛ:CD;_56797EB5CD=;OlD¦Ã PZ75F77;O½ÆÜP Ù