RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv - UNDP

RvZxq 

Awf‡hvRb 

Kg©-cwiKíbv 

cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

RvZxq 

Awf‡hvRb 

Kg©-cwiKíbv 

b¨vkbvj GWvc‡Ukb †cÖvMÖvg Ae GKkb 

(bvcv) 


MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi 

2005 mv‡j cÖYxZ bvcv-i ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY 

AvM÷, 2009

RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv 2009 

b¨vkbvj GWvc‡Ukb †cÖvMÖvg Ae GKkb (bvcv) 

g~j bvcv cÖYqb I cÖKvkbvt 2005 

cÖ_g nvjbvMv`KiYt AvM÷ 2009 

bvcv evsjv Abyev`t 

Kvgiæj Bmjvg †PŠayix, †Pqvig¨vb 

evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek mvsevw`K †dvivg (GdB‡Rwe) 

bvcv evsjv LmovwU wc‡ivRcyi Z…Yg~j Kg©kvjv Ges 

XvKvq RvZxq Kg©kvjvq cwigvwR©Z n‡q‡Q 

bvcv evsjv K‡¤úvR: GdB‡Rwe Kw¤úDUvi kvLv 

cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ

cÖvK K_b 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Bmy¨wU mviv we‡k¦ I evsjv‡`‡k 

m‡e©v”P ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ cv‡”Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖwZKzj cÖfve¸‡jv my¯úó n‡q IVvi d‡j eZ©gvb 

wbe©vwPZ miKvi Rjevqyi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z 

A½xKvie×| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi gvÎv Ges A_©‰bwZK 

cÖe„w×, LvZIqvix Dbœqb I `vwi‡`ªi Ici gvivZ¥K 

cÖfve m¤ú‡K© bZzb bZzb I cÖPzi †jLv‡jwLi gva¨‡g 

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU AwaKZi SzuwKc~Y©, 

wecbœ I 

nZvkvRbK wPÎ dz‡U I‡V‡Q hv G e¨vcv‡i Riæwi I 

e¨vcK c`‡¶c `vex K‡i| 

miKv‡ii †NvwlZ wfkb 2021-G êwk¦K DòZvi 

cÖwZKzj cÖfve †_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kiv Ges mvgwRK 

b¨vq cÖwZôv, cwi‡ekMZ myi¶v I Lv`¨ wbivcËv 

wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ my¯úófv‡e GKwU mgwš^Z bxwZ 

I cwiKíbv _vKvi K_v D‡jø L Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awej‡¤^ 

h_vh_ c`‡¶c bv †bqv n‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfv‡e gvivZ¥K fv‡e ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i e‡j 

K…wl, Lv`¨ wbivcËv, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I cjøx Dbœq‡bi 

AMÖvwaKvi g~jK †¶Î ¸‡jv‡Z ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| 

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ 

RvwZmsN KvVv‡gv Kb‡fbkb (BDGbGdwmwmwm) 

Ges wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj (†Kwc) ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q| MZ 

`yB `k‡Ki cwiµgvq mviv we‡k¦i Ges evsjv‡`kx 

weÁvbx mgvR we‡kl K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ 

AvšÍtmiKvi c¨v‡bj (AvBwcwmwm) evsjv‡`k‡K 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I Rjevqy ZviZ‡gï cÖfv‡ei 

Kvi‡Y me‡P‡q wecbœ †`k¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg e‡j wPwýZ 

RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv 

AvMó 2009 

K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK mgm¨vi 

cvkvcvwk Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU GKwU eo ûgwK 

n‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ, 

Rxeb-RxweKv, Lv`¨ wbivcËv, cwi‡ek I mvgvwRK 

cwiKíbvi mKj w`K ¶wZi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| 

BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi Kg©m~Px‡Z mvov w`‡q evsjv‡`k 

miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq Awej‡¤^ I Riæwi 

Awf‡hvRb Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi j‡¶¨ 2005 mv‡j 

RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv (bvcv) cÖYqb K‡i| 

AvšÍR©vwZK gn‡j hv mgv`„Z nq| GQvov, 2008 

mv‡j cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq evsjv‡`k Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b †KŠkj I Kg© cwiKíbv (wewmwmGmGwc) 

cÖYqb K‡i| 2009 mv‡j eZ©gvb miKvi GwU‡K 

nvjbvMv` I Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| Awf‡hvRb, cÖfve 

jvNe, mÿgZv e„w×, cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi Ges A_©vq‡bi 

e¨vcv‡i ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i evwj Kg© cwiKíbvi 

mnvqK Kg© cwiKíbv GwM‡q wb‡Z I mgš^q 

NUv‡ZB evsjv‡`k miKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi GB 

†KŠkjcÎ I Kg© cwiKíbv ˆZix K‡i‡Q| Avkv Kiv 

n‡”Q GwU Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Bmy¨‡K Dbœqb cÖwµqv, 

`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I Awf‡hvR‡bi g~javivq m¤c„³ 

Kivi gva¨‡g AvMvgx 10 eQ‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

†gvKv‡ejvq Avgv‡ì cÖqv‡m `„p wfwË †hvMv‡e| 

Dfq bw_ cÖv_wgK fv‡e cÖYqb Kiv n‡qwQj hv‡Z 

evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©m~Px I cwiKíbvq Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Awf‡hvRb Kg©cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv 

hvq| wewmwmGmGwc-†Z cwiekMZ cÖfve jvN‡ei 

welqwU AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

K

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RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv nvjbvMv` Kivi 

†ÿ‡Î 45 wU Awf‡hvRb eë¯’v wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 18 wU eë¯’v wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I 

Awa`dZ‡ii gva¨‡g ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Av‡iv 

myweb¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq Gme 

Awf‡hvRb eë¯’v ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ h_vh_ myweav 

w`‡e| gš¿Yvjq Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶ç‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi 

Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q Znwej msMÖ‡ni RbÏ †Póv 

Pvwj‡q hv‡e| 

W. nvQvb gvngy`, Ggwc 

cÖwZgš¿x 


evsjv‡`k miKvi 


AvMó 2009

c~e© K_v 

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

welqwU‡K GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bmy¨ Ges †`‡ki Dbœqb 

cwiKíbvi †¶‡Î Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wn‡m‡e 

¯^xK„wZ w`‡q‡Q| MZ K‡qK `k‡K cÖwZK‚j bvbv 

cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq wewfbœ cÖfve, SzwK I bvRyKZv 

we‡kølY Ges Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I 

c`‡¶ç‡jv g~j¨vq‡b A‡bK¸‡jv mgx¶v Pvjv‡bv 

nq| RvZxq ch©v‡q Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj, Kg©m~wP 

I c w i K í b v i g ‡ a ¨ i ‡ q ‡ Q R v Z x q A w f ‡ h v R b 

Kg©-cwiKíbv (bvcv) 2005 Ges evsjv‡`k K¬vB‡gU 

†PÄ ÷ª¨v‡UwR GÛ G¨vKkb c ¨vb (wewmwmGmGwc) 

2009| Gme RvZxq bw_c‡Îi cÖavb j¶¨mg~‡ni 

Ab¨Zg n‡”Q Dbœqb welqwU‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

m‡½ Av‡iv mnbxq Kiv I †UKmB Dbœqb †Rvi`vi 

Ki‡Z mvwe©K Dbœqb cwiKíbvi cÖwµqvq m¤¢ve¨ 

Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c ¸‡jv‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv Avgv‡ì 

ev¯ÍeZv Ges †`‡ki A‡bK ‡Rjvq Zv `„k¨gvb| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvq AwZwi³ m¤ú‡ì 

Rb¨ †`‡ki bvRyKZv, Dbœqb msµvšÍ bvbv cwiYwZ 

Ges Av‡jvPbvmn Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi 

welq¸‡jv Zz‡j ai‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK †dviv‡g evsjv‡`k 

miKvi Ae¨vnZ cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| †`‡k m‡e©v”P 

ivR‰bwZK ch©v‡q welqwUi ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q 

Ges RvwZms‡Ni wewfbœ êVK I wewfbœ Av‡jvPbvq 

Abyiƒc D‡ØM Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov, ¸iæZ¡ 

Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, GKwU cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM cÖeY 

†`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k wewfbœ ch©v‡q bvbv ai‡bi 


AvMó 2009 

cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi †KŠkj D¢veb 

K‡i‡Q| G‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ bvbv `y‡h©v‡M 

Rvbgv‡ji ¶wZ A‡bKvs‡k n«vm †c‡q‡Q| Gw`‡K, 

mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`k I mviv we‡k¦ eb¨v 

I mvB‡K¬v‡bi g‡Zv RjevqyRwbZ Pig wech©‡qi 

NUbvi cybive„wË NU‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Gme 

Nb Nb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j m„ó Rvbgv‡ji ¶wZ 

KvwU‡q DV‡Z wM‡q RvZxq A_©bxwZi Ici evowZ 

Pvc co‡Q| 

bvcv weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i mv¤cÖwZK wewfbœ cÖfve, 

bvRyKZv I Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi g~j¨vqb 

mshy³ K‡i‡Q| BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi wm×v‡šÍ mvov 

w`‡q MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb 

gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖYxZ bvcv 2005 Kvh©Ki K‡i‡Q| 

cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq G j‡¶¨ evsjv‡`k bvcv 

nvjbvMv` Kivi cÖqv‡m QqwU LvZIqvwi IqvwK©s 

MÖæ‡ci meKqwU‡K mswkø ó K‡i‡Q| GB QqwU 

LvZIqvwi IqvwK©s MÖæc (GmWvwe DwR) n‡”Q - 

(K) evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv KvDwÝ‡ji (weGAviwm) 

m‡½ mgwš^Z K…wl, grm¨ Pvl I cïm¤ú` LvZ, 

(L) AvBBDwmGb, evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨‡g mgwš^Z 

eb wefvM, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ I f~wgi eënvi, (M) cvwb 

m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’vi (Iqvi‡cv) Aax‡b mgwš^Z 

cvwb, DcK‚jxq AÂj, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM I ¯^v¯’¨, (N) 

evsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU di †W‡fjc‡g›U ÷vwW‡Ri 

(weAvBwWGm) Aax‡b mgwš^Z †RÛvi, ¯’vbxq kvmb 

eë¯’v I Lv`¨ wbivcËv, (O) cwi‡ek Awa`dZ‡ii 

M

N 

gva¨‡g mgwš^Z wkí I AeKvVv‡gv Ges (P) 

evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi di GWfvÝW ÷vwWR (wewmGGm) 

mgwš^Z bxwZgvjv I cÖwZôvbmg~n| 

bvcv nvjbvMv` Kivi cÖwµqvq GwU ¯úó n‡q‡Q 

†h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ mswkøó A‡bK cÖwZK‚j 

cÖfve †`‡k we`¨gvb A‡bK mgm¨v I cÖvK…wZK 

`y‡h©v‡Mi gvÎv evwo‡q w`‡e| †`‡k wewfbœ cÖvK… 

wZK `y‡h©vM KvwU‡q IVvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvc 

LvIqv‡bvi †KŠkj I Dcvq D¢veb Kiv n‡jI 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Awf‡hvRb †KŠkjwU‡K GB Bmyï 

¸iæZ¡ I Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †gUv‡Z †Kvb 

wej¤^ QvovB Dbœqb cÖwµqv I ev¯Íevq‡b AšÍfy©³ Kiv 

cÖ‡qvRb| cwiw¯’wZ KvwU‡q IVvi fwel¨Z †KŠkj I 

Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶ç‡jvi †KŠkjMZ j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ 

n‡Z n‡e m¤¢ve¨ êwPÎ¨ I Pig cwiw¯’wZmn Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve n«vm Ges †UKmB Dbœqb 

†Rvi`vi Kiv| 

Riæwi I Zvr¶wYK cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jvi we‡ePbvq m¤¢ve¨ 

êwPÎ¨ I Pig cwiw¯’wZmn Rjevqyi cÖwZK‚j 

cÖfve¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejvi j‡¶¨ bvcv n‡”Q GK `xN© 

hvÎvi m~Pbv| `xN©‡gqv`x Rjevqy Bmy¨ †gvKv‡ejvq 

nvjbvMv` Kiv bvcv‡K Zvr¶wYK I Riæwi 

cÖ‡qvR‡bi welq¸‡jv †_‡K e¨vcKZi Awf‡hvR‡bi 

cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi w`‡K mwi‡q †bqv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 

evsjv‡`‡ki PviwU wbivcËv Bmyï Ici †Rvi †`qv 

n‡q‡Q, †hgb, (K) Lv`¨ wbivcËv, (L) R¡vjvwb 

wbivcËv, (M) cvwb wbivcËv I (N) RxweKvi 

wbivcËv (¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvimn) Ges m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv 

I Avni‡Y ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ 

†`qv n‡q‡Q| 

evsjv‡`k miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ †ek wKQy LvZIqvwi 

bxwZgvjv I cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

welqwU‡K mgwš^Z K‡i‡Q| 2005 mv‡j DcK‚jxq 

GjvKv bxwZ‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b Bmy¨wU AšÍfy©³ 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k RvZxq cvwb bxwZ‡Z Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi welqwU‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges G 

msµvšÍ Áv‡bi eëavb `~i Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Lv`¨ I 

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvj‡q `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ cwiKíbv 

cÖYq‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| 

m¤cÖwZ miKvi `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †KŠkjcÎ (wcAviGmwc) 

cÖYqb K‡i‡Q Ges G‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU 

AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

evsjv‡`k miKvi m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

†KŠkj I Kg©cwiKíbv (wewmwmGmGwc) cÖYqb 

K‡i‡Q Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ 

RvZxq ev‡RU †_‡K cÖvq 10†KvwU Wjvi m¤ú` 

eivÏ K‡i‡Q| †`kR m¤ú‡` MwVZ Rjevqy Uªvó dvÛ 

Gi Znwej eënvi I cÖwµqv B‡Zvg‡a¨ P~ovšÍ Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| Awf‡hvRb Znwej MÖnY I weZi‡Yi j‡¶¨ 

Ôgvwë-‡Wvbvi Uªv÷ dvÛÕ (GgwWwUGd) MV‡bi 

Rb¨ KvR P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q| Lv`¨ wbivcËv, 

mvgvwRK myi¶v I ¯^v¯’¨, e¨vcK `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv, 

AeKvVv‡gv, M‡elYv I Ávb eë¯’vcbv, Kve©‡bi 

Dcw¯’wZ jvNe I wbtmiY n«vm Ges mvg_© M‡o †Zvjv 

I cÖvwZôvwbK †Rvi`viKi‡Yi welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv 

K‡i †`‡ki AMÖvwaKvig~jK cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi Avkv K‡i †h, bvcvÕi 

nvjbvMv` GB ms¯‹iY Awf‡hvRb cÖKí¸‡jvi 

ev¯Íevqb †Rvi`vi Ki‡e| Av‡iv Avkv Kiv n‡”Q 

†h, mswkøó gš¿Yvjq I Awa`dZi¸‡jv RvZxq I 

AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q we`¨gvb Rjevqy cwieZ©b Znwej 

Avni‡Yi gva¨‡g wej¤^ bv K‡I cÖKí ¸‡jvi 

ev¯Íevqb ïiæ Ki‡e| miKvi Av‡iv AvnŸvb Rvbv‡”Q 

†h, AvšÍR©vwZK m¤cÖ`vq Zv‡ì f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e 

Ges Awfbœ Z‡e c„_KxK…Z `vwqZ¡kxjZv I wbR wbR 

mvg‡_©i g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ RvwZmsN 

KvVv‡gv Pzw³ (BDGbGdwmwmwm) I wK‡qv‡Uv 

cÖ‡UvK‡ji (†Kwc) Aax‡b A½xKvi¸‡jv †g‡b 

Pj‡e| 

W. wgwni KvwšÍ gRyg`vi 

mwPe 


evsjv‡`k miKvi 


AvMó 2009

m~wPcÎ 

Aa¨vq 1 

Aa¨vq 2 

Aa¨vq 3 

cÖvKK_b 

c~e© K_v 

kã ms‡ÿc 

kã‡Kvl I cvwifvwlK kã 

mvi ms‡¶c 

f~wgKv 

cUf‚wg 

2.1 †fŠZ, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v 

2.1.1 cÖvK…wZK †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v 

2.1.2 RbmsL¨v Ae¯’v 

2.1.3 Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v 

2.1.4 cÖavb A_©‰bwZK LvZmg~n 

2.1.5 wkí I AeKvVv‡gv 

2.1.6 bxwZ, cwiKíbv, cÖwZôvb I kvmb eë¯’v 

2.2 Rjevqy cwieZ©b mswkøó ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dbœqb mgm¨v 

2.2.1 f~wg I gvwU 

2.2.2 cvwb 

2.2.3 Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ 

2.2.4 cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM 

2.3 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK~j cÖfve Ges ˆRe cÖK…wZ I cÖavb LvZmgy‡ni m¤¢ve¨ ZviZg¨ 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve, Awf‡hvRb I bvRyKZv 

3.1 Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ I cwieZ©‡bi GKwU wPÎ 

3.1.1 cwijw¶Z cwieZ©bmg~n 

3.1.2 fwel¨r Ae¯’v 

3.2 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖK…Z I m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZK‚j cÖfve 

3.2.1 Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ PigfvevcbœZvi eZ©gvb cÖfve 


AvMó 2009 

c„ôv 

K 

M 

S 

T 

1 

4 

6 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

13 

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14 

15 

19 

20 

20 

20 

23 

24 

24

Aa¨vq 4 

Aa¨vq 5 

Aa¨vq 6 

3.2.2 m¤¢ve¨ fwel¨Z SzuwK 

3.2.2.1 cvwb m¤ú‡ì `yt¯úªvcÖZv 

3.2.2.2 DcK‚jxq GjvKv 

3.2.2.3 km¨ K…wl I Lv`¨ wbivcËv 

3.2.2.4 grm¨ I cïm¤ú` 

3.2.2.5 eb I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ 

3.2.2.6 gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ 

3.2.2.7 wkí KviLvbv I AeKvVv‡gv 

3.2.3 Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ I cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© RbM‡Yi aviYv 

3.2.4 RxweKvi Ici cÖfve 

3.2.5 evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rjevqy cwieZ©b wewfbœ `„wófw½i msw¶ßmvi 

3.3 Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n Ges Dbœqb j¶¨mg~‡ni m‡½ m¤úK© 

3.3.1 Riæwi I Zvr¶wYK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Awf‡hvRb c`‡ÿc 

3.3.2 RvZxq j¶¨mg~n I Ab¨vb¨ GgBG-¸‡jvi cwic~iK 

3.3.3 ev¯Íevq‡bi m¤¢ve¨ evavmg~n 

cÖavb Awf‡hvRb cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv wPwýZKiY 

4.1 Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© we`¨gvb Ávb 

4.2 fwel¨‡Z Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi wewfbœ †KŠkj I c×wZ 

4.3 wewmwmGmwcÕi m‡½ m½wZ mvaY Kiv 

4.4 m¤¢ve¨ Awf‡hvRb c`‡ÿc mg~n 

AMÖvwaKvig~jK Kg©KvÛ wba©vi‡Yi aiY 

5.1 wbe©vP‡bi aiY 

5.2 AMÖvwaKvi wba©vi‡Yi aiY I m~PK mg‚n 

cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvi g~jK cÖK‡íi ZvwjKv 

Dcmsnvi 

†idv‡iÝ 

cÖ`vqKe„›` 


AvMó 2009 

c„ôv 

25 

25 

27 

30 

31 

32 

32 

36 

36 

37 

38 

38 

38 

39 

40 

42 

42 

43 

43 

44 

48 

48 

49 

50 

52 

53 

57

mviwY ZvwjKv 

mviwY 1 eb¨vi wewfbœ ch©v‡q f~wg GjvKv 

mviwY 2 cÖkvmwbK †Rjv wfwËK `wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨v I NbZ¡ 

mviwY 3 10 jÿ UvKvi wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki (cÖavb LvZ¸‡jvi) cÖK…Z wRwWwc 

mviwY 4 evsjv‡`‡k eb¨vi wewfbœ aiY, KviY Ges NUbvi Kvj 

mviwY 5 MZ 50 eQ‡i eo eb¨v¸‡jvi cÖfve 

mviwY 6 wewfbœ ai‡bi Livq ÿwZMÖ¯Í GjvKv 

mviwY 7 Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges †fŠZ wecbœZvi †cÖ¶vc‡U m¤¢ve¨ ZviZ‡gï m¤úK© 

mviwY 8 wZbwU DcK‚jxq GjvKvq †Rvqvi cÖeYZv 

mviwY 9 evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ bvcv cÖYq‡b eëüZ fwel¨r Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZ 

mviwY 10 f~wgi aiY I eb¨vi mgq cwieZ©b 

mviwY 11 evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cwieZ©‡bi wbqvgK I cÖv_wgK †fŠZ cÖfv‡e ga¨Kvi 

m¤úK© 

mviwY 12 MZ 30 eQ‡i wewfbœ eb¨vq cøvweZ GjvKv I eb¨vi msL¨v 

mviwY 13 ï®‹ I el©v †gŠmy‡g wgVv cvwb I Clr †jvbv cvwbi GjvKvq cwieZ©b 

mviwY 14 mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z eo eo eb¨v¸‡jvi cÖfve (1988, 1998 I 2004) 

mviwY 15 eb¨v Ô98: ¶wZMª¯Í wk¶v cÖwZôvb I evwo N‡ii msL¨v 

mviwY 16 wewfbœ cÖfv‡ei KviY, wecbœ GjvKv¸‡jv Ges cÖfvweZ LvZ¸‡jv 

mviwY 17 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Ici cÖfve¸‡jvi ZxeªZv 

mviwY 18 g~j bvcvq D‡jøwLZ welq¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk AMÖvwaKvi c`‡¶cmg~‡ni ms‡kvwaZ ZvwjKv 


AvMó 2009 

c„ôv 

7 

9 

10 

15 

16 

16 

18 

21 

21 

24 

25 

26 

28 

33 

34 

39 

40 

52

Z_¨ wP‡Îi ZvwjKv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 1 evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x eë¯’v 

Z_¨ wPÎ 2 eb¨vi mgq I evsjv‡`‡ki f~wgi aiY 

Z_¨ wPÎ 3 `vwi‡`ªï ¯’vbwfwËK Ae¯’v 

Z_¨ wPÎ 4 cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvi ‰iwLK Dc¯’vcb 

Z_¨ wPÎ 5 1998 mv‡ji eb¨vi MfxiZv Abyhvqx eb¨vcÖeY GjvKv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 6 iwe I Lwid-c~e© †gŠmy‡g LivcÖeY GjvKv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 7 Lwid †gŠmy‡g LivcÖeY GjvKv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 8 iscyi †K‡›`ªi m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K Mo cÖeYZv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 9 iscyi †K‡›`ªi me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K Mo cÖeYZv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 10 iscyi †K‡›`ªi evwl©K e„wócv‡Zi cÖeYZv I e„wócvZnxb w`‡bi msL¨v 

Z_¨ wPÎ 11 2075 mv‡j eb¨vi mgq f~wgi aiY 

Z_¨ wPÎ 12 N~wY©S‡oi HwZnvwmK aviv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 13 jeYv³Zvi cÖfve, wewfbœ gvÎvq mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×‡Z 5 kZvsk jeYv³Zv 

AbycÖ‡ek 

Z_¨ wPÎ 14 2030 mv‡j Liv AvµvšÍ GjvKv 

Z_¨ wPÎ 15 m¤¢ve¨ Rjevqy ZviZg¨ I g¨v‡jwiqv Avµv‡šÍi nv‡ii m¤úK© 

Z_¨ wPÎ 16 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Ici cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv 


AvMó 2009 

c„ôv 

6 

7 

8 

12 

15 

17 

17 

20 

20 

21 

25 

26 

28 

29 

32 

35

kã ms‡ÿc 

GwWwe Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK 

GAvBwR weKí Avq ms¯’vb 

weGAviwm evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv KvDwÝj 

weGAviAvB evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv 

Bbw÷wUDU 

weweGm evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv 

wewmGGm evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi di GWfvÝW 

÷vwWR 

weGdAviAvB evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv 

Bbw÷wUDU 

weAvBwWGm evsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU Ae 

†W‡fjc‡g›U ÷vwWR 

weAviAviAvB evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv 

Bbw÷wUDU 

ey‡qU evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ 

wek¦we`¨vjq 

weWweøDwWwe evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 

wmwewW Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkb 

wmwmwm Rjevqy cwieZ©b †mj 

wmBwRAvBGm cwi‡ek I †fŠ‡MvwjK Z_¨ 

cÖ`vb †K›`ª 

wmWv KvbvwWqvb B›Uvib¨vkbvj 

†W‡fjc‡g›U G‡RwÝ 

wmIwc 7 †m‡fb_ †mkb Ae w` Kbdv‡iÝ 

Ae w` cvwU©m 

wWGB K…wl m¤cÖmviY Awa`dZi 

wWIB cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 


AvMó 2009 

wWIGd grm¨ AwadZi 

wWwcGBPB Rb¯^v¯’¨ I cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi 

BGbGmI Gj wb‡bv I `w¶Yvqb 

GdwW eb Awa`dZi 

GdB‡Rwe evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek mvsevw`K 

†dvivg 

GdGgwc eb eë¯’vcbv cwiKíbv 

wRweGg M½v-eªþcyÎ-‡gNbv 

wRwmGg †Rbv‡ij mvKz©‡jkb g‡Wj 

wRwWwc ‡gvU ‡`kR Drcv`b 

wRGdwWGj wRI d¬zBW WvBbvwgK j¨ve‡iUwi 

wRIwe evsjv‡`k miKvi 

wRwcWweøDGg AskMÖnYg~jK cvwb eë¯’vcbv 

w`K-wb‡`©kbv 

GBPwWB gvbe Dbœqb m~PK 

GBPBGm cvwievwiK e¨q mgx¶v 

GBPIqvBwf D”Pdjbkxj RvZ 

AvBwmwWwWAvi,we AvšÍR©vwZK Dìvgq M‡elYv 

†K›`ª, evsjv‡`k 

AvBwcwmwm Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ 

AvšÍtmiKvi c¨v‡bj 

AvBBDwmGb w` Iqvì© KbRvi‡fkb BDwbqb 

AvBWweøDAviGg mgwš^Z cvwb m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv 

GjwWwm ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k 

GjBwR ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k we‡klÁ MÖæc 

S

T 

GjwRBwW ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj 

Awa`dZi 

GgBGGm mgy`ª, c„w_ex I evqygÛj weÁvb 

GgGgwU wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub 

GgIBGd cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 

GgIGdwWGg Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv 

gš¿Yvjq 

GgIWvweøDAvi cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq 

GgwcI gnv cwiKíbv ms¯’v 

bvcv RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg© cwiKíbv 

GbBGgGwc RvZxq cwi‡ekMZ eë¯’vcbv 

Kg©cwiKíbv 

wbcmg b¨vkbvj Bbw÷wUDU Ae 

wcÖ‡fw›Uf GÛ †mvm¨vj †gwWwmb 

GbWweøDGgwc RvZxq cvwb eë¯’vcbv cwiKíbv 

IBwmwW A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv I Dbœqb 

ms¯’v 

IGdAviwW Lvgvi welqK M‡elYv wefvM 

wcAviGmwc `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †KŠkjcÎ 

AviG m¤ú` we‡k lY 

AviGÛwW M‡elYv I Dbœqb 

Aviwfwmwm Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SzuwK 

n«vm 

mvK© `w¶Y Gkxq AvÂwjK 

mn‡hvwMZv ms¯’v 

GmGgAviwm mvK© AvenvIqv M‡elYv †K›`ª 

GmAviwWAvB g„wËKv m¤ú` Dbœqb Bbw÷wUDU 

GmAviBGm M¨vm wbM©gY msµvšÍ we‡kl 

wi‡cvU© 

GmGmwU mgy`ª c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv 

GmwUWweøD AMfxi bjK‚c 

wUweGg †Rvqvi AeevwnKv eë¯’vcbv 

BDGbwWwc RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wP 

BDGbwmwmwW giæKiY †gvKv‡ejv msµvšÍ 

RvwZmsN Kb‡fbkb 

BDGbGdwmwmwm Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ 

RvwZmsN †d«gIqvK© Kb‡fbkb 

Iqvi‡cv cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v 

WweøDwe wek¦ e¨vsK 

WweøDGdwc RvwZmsN Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP 


AvMó 2009

kã‡Kvl I cvwifvwlK kã 

f~wgi ‡kªYxfvM (cøve‡bi MfxiZv Abyhvqx) 

Gd 0 (DuPzf~wg) 0-30 †mwg, gv‡S gv‡S nIqv eb¨v, el©v †gŠmy‡g D”P djbkxj avb Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx 

Gd 1 (gvSvwi DuPzf~wg) 30-90 †mwg, †gŠmygx eb¨v, e„wócv‡Zi †gŠmy‡g ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi AvDm I wU Avgb 

Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ f~wg 

Gd 2 (gvSvwi wbPzf~wg) 90-180 †mwg, †gŠmygx eb¨v, e„wói †gŠmy‡g we Avgb Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx f~wg 

Gd 3 (wbPzf~wg) 180-300 †mwg, †gŠmygx eb¨v, el©v †gŠmy‡g we Avgb Avev` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i 

Gd 4 (Lye wbPz f~wg) 300 †mwg, †gŠmygx ev `xN©¯’vqx eb¨vi Kvi‡Y el©v †gŠmy‡g we Avgb Avev` Kiv hvq bv| 

K…wl 

we Avgb †evbv Avgvb; av‡bi G RvZwU mvaviYZ ïK‡bv Rwg‡Z gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m ecY Kiv nq, 

Z‡e Gme GjvKvq Mfxi eb¨v nq| GB RvZ Mfxi cvwbi avb wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ| A‡±vei 

wW‡m¤^‡i dmj †Zvjv nq| we Avgb mn cÖvq me av‡bi RvZB w`‡bi Av‡jvi m‡½ wbweo 

m¤úK©hy³| 

wU Avgb †ivcv Avgb; av‡bi G RvZwU mvaviYZ RyjvB-AvM÷ gv‡m †ivcY Kiv nq| el©v †gŠmy‡g 

Gme GjvKvq eb¨vi cvwbi m‡e©v”P MfxiZv cÖvq 0.5 wgUv‡i †cuŠ‡Q| b‡f¤î wW‡m¤î gv‡m 

dmj †Zvjv nq| ¯’vbxq RvZ¸‡jv w`‡bi Av‡jvi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³| Z‡e, AvaywbK RvZ¸‡jv 

†Zgb m¤úK©hy³ bq ev LyeB Kg m¤úK©hy³| 

†ev‡iv av‡bi GB RvZwU wW‡m¤î †_‡K gvP© ch©šÍ ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g †m‡Pi gva¨‡g Avev` Kiv nq| 

GwcÖj †_‡K Ry‡bi g‡a¨ dmj †Zvjv nq| ¯’vbxq †ev‡iv av‡bi RvZ¸‡jv VvÛv ZvcgvÎv 

†ewk mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges b`xi cvwb e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y AvMvg eb¨v n‡Z cv‡i Ggb 

GjvKvq mvaviYZ AvMvg †ivcY Kiv nq| DbœZ RvZ¸‡jv VvÛv Kg mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges 

†deeªæqvwi gvm †_‡K mvaviYZ †ivcY Kiv nq| w`‡bi Av‡jvi m‡½ mKj Rv‡Zi m¤úK© 

i‡q‡Q| 

we AvDm †evbv AvDm; GB av‡bi RvZwU ï®‹ Rwg‡Z gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m †ivcY Kiv nq| el©v †gŠmyg 

c~e©eZx© e„wócv‡Z cwic° n‡q IVv dmj Ryb-RyjvB gv‡m †Zvjv nq| w`‡bi A‡jvi Ici 

†evbv AvDm av‡bi wbf©iZv †bB ej‡jB P‡j| 


AvMó 2009 

T

Z 

wU AvDm †ivcv AvDm; †m‡Pi gva¨‡g mvaviYZ gvP©/GwcÖ‡j †ivcY Kiv nq| Ryb-RyjvB gv‡m dmj 

†Zvjv nq| †ìx‡Z †ivcY Kiv †ev‡iv Ges AvMvg †ivcY Kiv AvD‡mi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ g~jZ 

wk¶vwfwËK| ZvB Abyiƒc RvZ¸‡jv eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G RvZ¸‡jv w`‡bi Av‡jvi 

ZviZ‡gï Ici wbf©i K‡i bv| 

Lwid el©v †gŠmyg (we‡kl K‡i gvP© †_‡K A‡±vei ch©šÍ)| G mgq †gŠmygx e„wócvZ nq Ges 

ZvcgvÎv †ewk _v‡K| 

Lwid 1 Lwid †gŠmy‡gi (gvP© †_‡K Ryb) cÖ_gvsk| e„wócv‡Z wewfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq Ges ZvcgvÎv 

†ewk _v‡K| cÖavb Drcvw`Z km¨ AvDm, MÖx¯§Kvjxb mewR I Wvj| †evbv Avgb I cvU ecY 

Kiv nq| 

Lwid 2 Lwid †gŠmy‡gi wØZxqvsk (RyjvB †_‡K A‡±vei) cÖej el©b I eb¨v nq| GB †gŠmy‡g †ivcv 

Avgb n‡”Q cÖavb dmj| cvU †Zvjv nq| DuPz Rwg‡Z bvbv dj I mewR djv‡bv hvq| 

iwe ï®‹ †gŠmyg (we‡kl K‡i b‡f¤î †_‡K †deªæqvwi ch©šÍ) G mg‡q e„wócvZ nq Kg ev b~¨bZg, 

ev®úvq‡bi nvi †ewk, ZvcgvÎv Kg, D¾¡j m~h©wKi‡Yi mv‡_ AvKvk _v‡K cwi®‹vi| †ev‡iv, 

Mg, Avjy, Wvj I †ZjexR Drcv`b Kiv hvq| 

Ddkx D”P djbkxj RvZ; cÖRbb Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g D¢vweZ RvZ| ¯’vbxq RvZ¸‡jvi †P‡q D”P 

djbkxj RvZ¸‡jvi AwaK djb jv‡fi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| djb jv‡fi c~Y© m¤¢vebv‡K Kv‡R 

jvMv‡Z cÖPzi mvi I †mP cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| 

¯’vbxq RvZ K…lK‡ì D¢vweZ I eëüZ RvZmg~n, G¸‡jv‡K ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi DbœZ RvZ (GAvBwfm) e‡j 

D‡jøL Kiv nq| 

GbwmG †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ GjvKv, Pv‡li AvIZvaxb †gvU GjvKv| 


AvMó 2009

mvi ms‡¶c 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m„ó cÖwZKzj cÖfve¸‡jvi 

Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki bvRyK cwiw¯’wZ GLb mKj 

gn‡jB cÖwZwôZ| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h, Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b µgcwieZ©bkxj cwiw¯’wZi êwkó¨ I cÖvK… 

wZK wech©‡qi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b Avb‡e, hv †fŠZ, 

mvgvwRK I Drcv`b eë¯’vq cwieZ©b NUv‡e| 

evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve, 

SzuwKmg~n 

I wecbœZv Awf‡hvRb Ges mgy`ªc„‡ôi 

D”PZv e„w×i e¨vcv‡i mgx¶v I g~j¨vq‡bi d‡j 

my¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb n‡”Q †h, evsjv‡`k n‡”Q 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y mviv we‡k¦i me‡P‡q †ewk 

wecbœ I SzuwKc~Y© 

†`k¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| e„wócvZ Av‡iv 

†ewk Ges Av‡iv †Lqvwj I AwbqwgZ n‡q DV‡Z 

cv‡i e‡j AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q| †`‡ki DËivÂj I 

cwðgvÂ‡j we‡kl K‡i cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi cybive„wË 

I ZxeªZv e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| Dc‡iv³ NUbvi A‡bK 

bwRi Ges cieZx©‡Z K…wl, ¯^v¯’¨, cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb, 

Rxe‰ewP‡Îï †¶‡Î G¸‡jvi weiƒc cÖfve B‡Zvg‡a¨ 

evsjv‡`‡k cwijw¶Z n‡”Q| 

mvwe©Kfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfve n‡e Zvrch©c~Y©| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h, 

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb, wbPz f~wg, RbmsL¨vi 

AwaK NbZ¡, `ye©j AeKvVv‡gv, gvÎvwaK `vwi`ª¨ I 

cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Ici AwaK wbf©ikxjZvi Kvi‡Y 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b †`‡ki 7 †KvwUiI †ewk gvby‡li 

Ici ¶wZKi cÖfve †dj‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q †h, DcK‚jxq 

GjvKvq emevmKvix †jvKRb †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ 

As‡ki RbM‡Yi †P‡q †ewk wecbœZv I SzuwKi 

g‡a¨ 

i‡q‡Q (Avjg I j‡ij, 2005)| Rjevqyi m¤¢ve¨ 

ZviZg¨ I cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y DcK‚jxq m¤ú`¸‡jv 

gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i| Gme m¤ú‡ì 

Ici GjvKvi AwaKvsk †jvK wbf©ikxj| AvksKv 

Kiv n‡”Q †h, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv 45 †mwg e„w× †c‡j 

2050 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †`‡ki 10-15 kZvsk Zwj‡q 

†h‡Z cv‡i| d‡j DcK‚jxq †Rjv¸‡jvi 3 †KvwU 50 

jvL †jv‡Ki RxebhvÎv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 

cÖfvweZ n‡Z cv‡i| m‡e©vcwi Gm‡ei cÖfv‡e `vwi`ª¨ 


AvMó 2009 

n«vm cÖqvm ¶zYœ nIqvi AvksKv i‡q‡Q Ges 2015 

mv‡ji g‡a¨ `vwi`ª¨ I ¶zav wbg~©‡ji g‡Zv mnmªvã 

Dbœqb j¶¨mg~n (GgwWwR) ev¯Íevqb gš’i n‡Z 

cv‡i| IBwmwW I wek¦ e¨vsK Avk¼v Ki‡Q †h, G 

Kvi‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ ê‡`wkK Dbœqb mn‡hvwMZv 

(IwWG) Rjevqy ¯úk©KvZiZv ev SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb n‡Z 

cv‡i| 

wewfbœ mgx¶v I g~j¨vqb †_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q †h, 

wecbœZv I SzuwKi 

†cÖ¶vcU I mswkøó cÖfve ¯’vb, Kvj 

I Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi Av_©-mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx 

wfbœ nq| ZvB, bvbvb ai‡bi Awf‡hvRb eë¯’v 

I c`‡¶c †bqv Riæwi| †`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKv 

jeYv³ cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek I MÖx®§Kvjxq N~wY©So cÖeY| 

ga¨vÂ‡j b`xwe‡aŠZ GjvKv¸‡jv eb¨vcÖeY, †`‡ki 

DËi-cwðgvÂj LivcÖeY I †`‡ki DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j 

AvKw¯§K eb¨vi cÖeYZv Ges †`‡ki cvnvwo AÂ‡j 

fv½b I f~wgam cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q| cvwb m¤ú` I K… 

wl G‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y me‡P‡q †ewk 

¶wZMÖ¯Í LvZ e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| 

A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb, `wi`ª gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKvi 

Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve Ges 

mnmªvã Dbœqb j¶¨mg~n AR©b Kvh©Z e¨vnZ nIqvi 

welq¸‡jvi ¯^xK…wZ evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqyi m¤¢ve¨ 

ZviZg¨ I Pig fvevcbœ Ae¯’vmn Rjevqyi Acwinvh© 

cÖfve¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejvi j‡¶¨ Awf‡hvR‡bi Riæwi 

cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zxeªfv‡e Abyf~Z n‡”Q| GKvi‡Y 

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq GKwU 

Kvh©Ki `wjj wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

†KŠkj I Kg©cwiKíbv 2009 cÖYqb Ges Zv 

ev¯Íevq‡b RvZxq ev‡R‡U wbR¯^ m¤ú` †_‡K cÖvq 

10 †KvwU Wjvi eivÏ K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ 

Dbœqb Askx`vi I evsjv‡`k miKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Awf‡hvRb I jvNe Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z GKwU 

gvwë-‡Wvbvi Uªv÷ dvÛ (GgwUGd) MVb Ki‡ZI 

m¤§Z n‡q‡Q| 

RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~Pxi nvjbvMv` ms¯‹i‡Y 

1

mvi ms‡¶c 

wewfbœ cwieZ©‡bi avivi D‡jøL mn evsjv‡`‡ki 

†fŠZ, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi weeiY 

Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cwi‡ek I Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Bmy¨¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejvq we`¨gvb bxwZ, cwiKíbv, 

cÖwZôvb I miKvix eë¯’vejx we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e D‡jøL 


ˆRe-‡fŠZ, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK LvZ¸‡jvi 

Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©b, ZviZg¨ I PigfvevcbœZvi 

cÖwZKzj cÖfve we‡kølb K‡i Rjevqy mswkøó cÖavb 

Dbœqb D‡ØM¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

bvcvi nvjbvMv` GB ms¯‹i‡Yi Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

cÖfve, SuywK 

I Awf‡hvRb msµvšÍ Aa¨v‡q †`‡ki 

fwel¨Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ wfwËK Rjevqy 

eë¯’v I g‡W‡j cwijw¶Z cwieZ©b¸‡jvi GKwU 

wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GB ms¯‹i‡Y cvwb m¤ú`, 

DcKyjxq GjvKv, km¨ K…wl I Lv`¨ wbivcËv, grm¨ 

I cï m¤ú`, eb I Rxe êwPÎ¨, gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ Ges 

wkí I AeKvVv‡gvi Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZKzj cÖfve m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY †`qv 

n‡q‡Q| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q Pjvi Rb¨ 

Awf‡hvRb Pvwn`v¸‡jv wPwýZKiY I we‡køl‡Yi 

Av‡M, bvcv `wj‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 

I RxebhvÎvi Ici bvbv ai‡Yi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© 

RbM‡Yi aviYvI Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 45 wU 

wPwýZ Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶‡ci welq¸‡jv‡K 8wU 

aviYvMZ †ÿ‡Î wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v: M‡elYv I 

Ávb eë¯’vcbv, ; K…wl; grm¨ I cï m¤ú`; ¯^v¯’¨; 

Rjevqy mwnòz KvVv‡gv wbg©vY; `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv; 

RxweKv; Rxe‰ewPÎ¨; Ges bxwZgvjv I cÖvwZôvwbK 

KvVv‡gv MVb| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc cÖfve mvgvj w`‡Z wPwýZ 

45 wU Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶‡ci g‡a¨, wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq 

I Awa`dZ‡ii gva¨‡g ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 18 wU 

cÖKí cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h GB 

AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKvwU cÖYq‡b †Kvb ai‡Yi cÖvavb¨ 

wfwËK ZvwjKv (i¨vswKs) Kiv nqwb| ev¯Íevq‡bi 

Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cÖKí¸‡jvi ZvwjKv wb‡P †`qv n‡jv: 

¯^í-†gqv`x cÖKí 

1. Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Avw_©K 

Pvwn`v wbiæcb Ki‡e cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq| 

2. wewfbœ Lv‡Zi bxwZgvjvq Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

msµvšÍ Awf‡hvRb Bmy¨‡K g~javivq m¤ú„³ 

Kivi j‡¶¨ RvZxq I wewfbœ Lv‡Zi bxwZgvjv 

ch©v‡jvPbv| cwi‡ek Awa`dZi, cwi‡ek 

I eb gš¿Yvjq GB j¶¨ ev¯Íevq‡b Ab¨vb¨ 

gš¿Yvjq‡K mnvqZv w`‡Z cv‡i| 

3. eb¨v I N~wb©So mn Rjevqy cwieZ‡bi cÖfv‡ei 

†¶‡Î bMi AeKvVv‡gv I wkí KviLvbvi 

mwnòzZv e„w×| ¯’vbxq miKvi I cjøx Dbœqb 

gš¿Yvjq I Iqvmv G †¶‡Î m¤ú„³ n‡Z 

cv‡i| 

4. cÖej Rjevqy `y‡hv©‡M cwiw¯’wZ KvwU‡q DV‡Z 

exgv I Ab¨vb¨ Riæwi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK weKí mÜvb 

Kiv| cwi‡ek Awa`dZi, cwi‡ek I eb 

gš¿Yvjq G †¶‡Î A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi m‡½ KvR 

Ki‡Z cv‡i| 

5. RvZxq, LvZIqvix I ¯’vbxq Dbœqb Kg©m~Pxi 

g~javivq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Bmy¨‡K m¤ú„³ 

Kiv| cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq I cwiKíbv 

gš¿Yvjq †hŠ_fv‡e G e¨vcv‡i Kg©‡KŠkj cÖYqb 

Ki‡e| 

6. cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq I wk¶v gš¿Yvjq gvbe 

m¤ú` mvg_© †Rvi`vi Ki‡e| cwi‡ek I eb 

gš¿Yvjq G †¶‡Î KvwiMwi mnvqZv w`‡e| 

7. K…wl gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb K…wl m¤cÖmviY 

Awa`dZ‡ii gva¨‡g B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖ`Ë jeYv³Zv 

mwnòz RvZ¸‡jv RbwcÖq Kiv| 

8. cwi‡ek Awa`dZi I K…wl m¤cÖmviY 

Awa`dZ‡ii gva¨‡g Av`©ªZvq mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb 

n‡Z cv‡i Ggb GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Av‡iv †ekx 

n¯Í‡¶c Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq bvbv welq wPwýZ 

Kiv| 

2 RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv 

AvMó 2009

9. m¤¢ve¨ Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c mn evsjv‡`‡ki 

DcKzjxq GjvKvq Rjevqy cieZ©‡bi cÖfve 

g~j¨vqb| 

ga¨-†gqv`x cÖKí 

1. K…wl I f~wg gš¿Yvjq evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ f~wg GjvKv wPwýZKiY I 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wi‡cvU© 

cÖYqb Ki‡e| 

2. cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v I 

Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ m¤ú‡K© ch©‡e¶Y eRvq ivL‡e Ges 

G¸‡jvi wewfbœ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wi‡cvU© Ki‡e| 

3. eb Awa`dZi, cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi 

gva¨‡g cÖwZwU e‡bi eb¨ cÖvYx msi¶Y Ki‡e| 

4. eb Awa`dZi, cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi 

gva¨‡g DcKzjxq meyR †eóbx m¤cÖmviY, 

ebvqb I cybtebvqb Kg©m~Px ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e| 

5. cvwb Dbœqb †evW© Ges cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq 

DcKzjxq GjvKvq f~-MVbg~jK cwieZ©‡bi 

wel‡q M‡elYv Ki‡e| 


AvMó 2009 

mvi ms‡¶c 

6. cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq, eb Awa`dZi I K…wl 

m¤cÖmviY Awa`dZi cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKi 

wewfbœ cÖRvwZ wPwýZ Ki‡e| 

7. f~wg gš¿Yvjq, cwi‡ek Awa`dZi I K… 

wl gš¿Yvjq f~wg eë¯’vcbvi j‡¶¨ M‡elYv 

Ki‡e| 

8. eb Awa`dZi, cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq AvÂwjK 

mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g my›ìe‡bi cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v 

cybtmsi¶‡Yi cÖqvm Pvjv‡e| 

9. Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e b`-b`x¸‡jv‡Z 

cÖwZwµqv Ges b`x fv½b eë¯’vcbvq †KŠkjMZ 

cwiKíbv| 

cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I 

Awa`dZ‡ii gva¨‡g wPwýZ Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶ç‡jv 

ev¯Íevq‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges Awf‡hvRb 

Kg©myPx¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q 

Znwej msMÖ‡ni †Póv Pvjv‡e| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h 

Aa¨vq 4.4 G D‡jøwLZ AwZRiæwi, ZvrÿwYK I ga¨ 

†gqv`x Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n AvMvgx cuvP eQ‡i 

ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖvq 400 †KvwU Wjvi cÖ‡qvRb 

n‡e| 

3

Aa¨vq 1 

f~wgKv 

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi BDbvB‡UW 

†bkÝ †d«gIqvK© Kb‡fbkb Ab K¬vB‡gU †PÄ 

(BDGbGdwmwmwm) Ges wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡Uv‡Kvj (†Kwc) 

¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb 

gš¿Yvjq n‡”Q Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Kg©Kv‡Ûi 

†K›`ªwe›`y| GB gš¿Yvjq BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi cÖwZ 

A½xKvi Abyhvqx Zvr¶wYK I Riæwi Awf‡hvRb 

cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi j‡¶¨ 2005 mv‡j RvZxq 

Awf‡hvRb Kg©cwiKíbv (bvcv) cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| 

D‡j L¨ †h AvšÍR©vwZK gn‡j GKwU AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki 

`wjj wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki bvcv mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| 

bvcvi cÖ_g AMÖvwaKvi cÖKíwU ¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmg~‡ni 

Znwej (GjwWwmGd) †_‡K Avw_©K mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q 

Ges GwU GLb cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq ev¯Íevqb 

Ki‡Q| 

Gw`‡K AvšÍR©vwZK I RvZxq ch©v‡q †ek wKQy DbœwZ 

I AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q 

2007 mv‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ AvšÍtmiKvi 

c¨v‡b‡ji PZz_© g~j¨vqb wi‡cvU© cÖKvk Ges MÖxb 

nvDR M¨vm wbM©gb n«vm, Awf‡hvRb msµvšÍ 

†Rvi`vi c`‡¶c, cÖfve `~ixKiY I Awf‡hvR‡bi 

j‡¶¨ cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi Ges Abyiƒc Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb 

I Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ Avw_©K cÖevn I wewb‡qvM 

msµvšÍ evwj Kg© cwiKíbv MÖnY| GQvov,cwi‡ek I 

eb gš¿Yvjh Awf‡hvRb, cÖfve jvNe, mvg_©¨ MVb, 

cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi I Znwej MV‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc 

K‡i wewfbœ Kg©m~wP GwM‡q wb‡Z I mgš^q Ki‡Z 

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkj I Kg©cwiKíbv 

(wewmwmGmGwc) cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h 

bvcv (2005) Gi wfwË‡Z wewmwmGmGwc cÖYxZ 

n‡q‡Q Ges K‡qKwU we‡klÁ MÖæ‡ci wi‡cvU© G‡Z 

we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| 

AvBwcwmwmÕi PZz_© g~j¨vqb wi‡cv‡U© wewfbœ cÖfve, 

Awf‡hvRb I SzuwK 

msµvšÍ cÖwZ‡e`‡b my¯úófv‡e 

D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h GLb GLv‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

wKQy cÖfve Gwo‡q hvIqv Am¤¢e (AvBwcwmwm, 

2007)| evsjv‡`k A‡bK P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb| 

GLv‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv 

Dbœqb Kg©KvÛmg~‡ni me‡P‡q `xN©‡gqvw` ûgwK 

wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| 

RvZxq, wefvMxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q h_vh_ Awf‡hvRb 

c`‡¶c cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb bv Kiv †M‡j A_©bxwZ, 

RxweKv, Lv`¨ wbivcËv, cwi‡ek I mvgvwRK 

Dbœqbmn evsjv‡`‡ki mKj †¶‡Î Dbœqb cÖqvmmg~n 

gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q| 

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkj I Kg©cwiKíbvq 

(wewmwmGmGwc) 6wU aviYv wfwËK †¶‡Îi Aax‡b 

44 wU Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi j‡¶¨ n‡”Q Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve †gvKv‡ejv Kiv Ges Kg 

Kve©b wbtmiYKvix A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×‡Z mnvqZv 

†`qv| wewmwmGmGwc cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q bvcvi 

AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z| ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi we‡klÁ 

MÖæ‡ci cÖYxZ M‡elYv c×wZ Kv‡R jvwM‡q bvcv cÖYqb 

Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GwU BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi Kbdv‡iÝ 

Ae w` cvwU©m (wmIwc) Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| wewfbœ 

mn‡hvMx‡ì AskMÖnY I wefvMxq ch©v‡q civgk© 

mfv bvcv cÖYqb cÖwµqvi ALÛ Ask wQj Ges mKj 

Askx`vi I mn‡hvMxiv GwU‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| 

D‡j L¨ †h, hy&³iv‡Rï jÛ‡b AbywôZ hy³ivRëvsjv‡`k 

D”P ch©v‡qi êV‡Ki wm×všÍ Abyhvqx 

GKwU cÖ‡qvR‡b mvov `v‡bi j‡¶¨ wewmwmGmGwc 

cÖYqb cÖwµqvi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| wewmwmGmGwcÕi Rb¨ 

Kg©m~Px cÖYqbKv‡j bvcvÕi (2005) Aax‡b ‰Zix 

wi‡cvU©¸‡jv eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wewmwmGmGwc‡Z 

my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, GwU GKwU mPj 

`wjj Ges h_vh_ we‡ewPZ n‡j GwU cwiewa©Z n‡Z 

cv‡i| 

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg© cwiKíbvi 

(bvcv) GB ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹i‡Y mv¤cÖwZK wewfbœ 

cÖfve, wecbœZv I SzuwK 

Ges MZ K‡qK eQ‡i 

m¤úvw`Z Awf‡hvRb g~j¨vqb AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 


AvMó 2009

G‡Z Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n wPwýZKi‡Yi AvIZv 

Zvr¶wYK I Riæwi ch©vq †_‡K ga¨ I `xN©‡gqv`x 

Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶‡ci Rb¨ m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

AwZwi³ cÖKí¸‡jv mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i GwU Kiv n‡q‡Q 

Ges bvcvi mswkøó LvZIqvwi IqvwK©s MÖæ‡ci wPwýZ 

Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wPI wewmwmGmGwcÕi m‡½ hy³ Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, GB `wj‡j 2005 mv‡j cÖYxZ bvcvi 

KvVv‡gv eRvq ivLv n‡q‡Q| 

bvcv nvj bvMv` Kivi cÖwµqvq GwU Av‡iv ¯úó n‡q‡Q 

†h, Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ A‡bK cÖwZK‚j cÖfve 

`„k¨gvb n‡q I‡V‡Q Ges †`‡k we`¨gvb bvbv mgm¨v 

I cÖvK…wZK wech©q Av‡iv evo‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e cÖZ¨¶ 

I c‡iv¶fv‡e B‡Zvg‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv Lvc LvIqv‡bvi 

†KŠkj Kvh©Ki i‡q‡Q| G‡Z bZzbZ¡ welq n‡”Q ‡h 

welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ fwel¨‡Z †Kvb wej¤^ QvovB Dbœqb 

I ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqvq hy³ Kiv n‡e| fwel¨r Lvc 

LvIqv‡bv †KŠkj¸‡jvi c×wZMZ j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ 


AvMó 2009 

n‡”Q fwel¨r ZviZg¨ I Pigfvevcbœ Ae¯’vmn 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve n«vm Ges †UKmB 

Dbœqb †Rvi`vi Kiv| ms‡kvwaZ bvcvÕq ev¯Íevq‡bi 

Dcvq kw³kvjxKiY we‡kl K‡i cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv 

MV‡bi gva¨‡g Awf‡hvRb msµvšÍ c`‡¶c e„w×i 

Ici AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

bvcv n‡”Q fwel¨r ZviZg¨ I PigfvevcbœZv mn 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve †gvKv‡ejv Ges 

†`‡ki †UKmB Dbœqb †Rvi`vi Kivi `xN© hvÎvi 

m~Pbv| eZ©gv‡b ms‡kvab Kiv bvcv Zvr¶wYK 

I Riæwi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvq DËiY jvf K‡i‡Q| 

G‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki PviwU wbivcËv Bmyï Ici 

†Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q †hgb (K) Lv`¨ wbivcËv, (L) 

R¡vjvwb wbivcËv, (M) cvwb wbivcËv I (N) RxweKv 

wbivcËv (¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvimn) Ges m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv 

I Avni‡Yi †¶‡Î ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi gZvg‡Zi Dci 

¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| 

Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c m~Î: wewmGGm 

f~wgKv 

5

Aa¨vq 2 

cUf‚wg 

evsjv‡`k DËi-c~e© I `w¶Y-c~e© w`‡K cvnvwo GjvKv 

Ges DËi-cwðg I ga¨vÂ‡j DuPz mgZj f~wg Qvov 

we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg e„nËg e-Øxc hv cÖgËv b`-b`x M½v, 

eªþcyÎ I †gNbvi wewfbœ kvLv-cÖkvLvi AeevwnKvi 

g‡a¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q| †`kwUi Ae¯’vb 20 wWMÖx 34 

†_‡K 26 wWMÖx 38 DËi A¶vsk Ges 88 wWMÖx 01 

I 92 wWMÖx 42 c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡ki g‡a¨| †gvU f~wgi 

cwigvY 147,570 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges AwaKvsk 

¯’vb wbPz I mgZj f~wg| mviv †`kRy‡o 230wUi 

†ewk eo b`-b`x I †m¸‡jvi kvLv-cÖkvLv we¯Í…Z 

Z_¨ wPÎ-1 evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x eë¯’v 

i‡q‡Q| 1 bs Z_¨ wP‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x eë¯’v 

Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

2.1 †fŠZ, mvgvwRK I 

A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v 

GB As‡k †`‡ki Rxe‡fŠZ, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, 

cÖhyw³MZ I ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vc‡Ui msw¶ß weeiY 

Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Gme êwk‡óï g‡a¨ Rjevqyi 

fwel¨r ZviZg¨ I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ GB eë¯’vq 

Rjevqyi cÖfv‡ei ewntcÖKvk, ¯úk©KvZiZv, 

Awf‡hvRb mg_©b I SzuwK 


2.1.1 f~-cÖK…wZMZ Ae¯’v 

f~-cÖK…wZMZ MV‡bi w`K †_‡K †`‡ki f~wg GjvKv g~jZ 

wZb fv‡M wef³| h_v- b`-b`x we‡aŠZ mgZjf~wg 

(80 kZvsk), c vBm‡Uvwmb f~wg (8 kZvsk) Ges 

cvnvwo GjvKv (12 kZvsk)| b`x we‡aŠZ mgZj f~wg 

M‡o I‡V‡Q GKvwaK Xvjy f~wgi wgjb¯’‡j (cyi‡bv b`x 

Zxi) I wbPz f~wgi (Rjvkq hv cyi‡bv Lvj) cwieZ©‡bi 

d‡j| wbKUeZx© Xvjy GjvKvi kxl©¯’vb I wbPz f~wgi 

g‡a¨Kvi cv_©K¨ †Rvqv‡i c vweZ mgf~wg GjvKvq 1 

wgUv‡ii †P‡q Kg, cÖavb b`-b`x I †gvnbvi KvQvKvwQ 

mgZjf~wg‡Z 1 †_‡K wZb wgUvi Ges DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j 

wm‡jU AeevwnKvq 5 †_‡K 6 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡q 

_v‡K| GKgvÎ DËi-cwðg cÖv‡šÍ f~wgi D”PZv mgy`ª 

mgZj †_‡K 30 wgUv‡ii †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Z…Zxq 

ai‡bi cvnvwo g„wËKvi aib we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q `w¶Yc~e© 

w`‡K PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvo¸‡jv‡Z Ges DËi-c~e© 

w`‡K wm‡j‡Ui wbPz cvnvo I wUjv¸‡jv‡Z| GQvov 

Av‡iv `yÕwU A‡c¶vK…Z DuPz f~wgi ¯Íi (c vBm‡Uvwmb) 

i‡q‡Q gaycy‡i (evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨vÂ‡j) Ges DËicwðgvÂ‡j 

e‡i›`ª AÂ‡j| 

‡gŠmyg Abyhvqx RjgMœZvi wfwË‡Z †`‡ki f~wgi 

ai‡bi †kªYxKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| DuPz f~wg Qvov †`‡ki 

mKj f~wgB eQ‡ii Ask we‡kl ev cy‡iv mgq 

†gŠmygx eb¨vq wbgw¾Z nq| wewfbœ eb¨vi RjgMœZv 


AvMó 2009

Z_¨ wPÎ-2 eb¨vi Kvj I evsjv‡`‡ki f~wg aib 

I MfxiZv Ges †gŠmy‡gi wfwË‡Z f~wg GjvKvi wPÎ 

mviwY-1 G mwbœ‡ewkZ i‡q‡Q| GQvov, mviwY-2 G 

eb¨vi MfxiZvi M‡oi wfwË‡Z wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi f~wgi 

aiY Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

mviwY 1 eb¨vi wewfbœ ch©v‡q f~wg GjvKv 


AvMó 2009 

‡`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂj, ga¨vÂj, `w¶Y-ga¨vÂj 

I DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j Aew¯’Z b`x we‡aŠZ GjvKv¸‡jv 

wewfbœ gvÎv I MfxiZvq wbqwgZ c vweZ nq| 

Ab¨w`‡K DcK‚jxq f~wg N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm, 

jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek I DcK‚jxq c ve‡bi wkKvi 

nq| c vBm‡Uvwmb f~wg GjvKv Av`ª©¨Zv cÖeY| 

GQvov †`‡ki DËi-c~e©vÂj I DËi-cwðgvÂ‡ji 

wKQy As‡k cvnvwo GjvKv I De©i mgZj f~wg‡Z 

AvKw¯§K eb¨vi cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q| 

2.1.2 RbmsL¨v Ae¯’v 

‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v 2001 mv‡j wQj 12 †KvwU 43 

jvL 50 nvRvi Ges G msL¨v 2007 mv‡j e„w× 

†c‡q 14 †KvwU 39 jvL 10 nvRv‡i ùvwo‡q‡Q| 

(evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv, 2008)| gv_vwcQy 

‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (wRwWwc) evwl©K 554 gvwK©b 

Wjvi (cwiKíbv Kwgkb, 2008)| †`‡ki RbmsL¨v 

weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e bMix‡Z 

I MÖv‡g RbmsL¨v e„w×i nv‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cv_©K¨ 

cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| weMZ `k‡K (1991-2001) 

mvwe©K e„w×i nvi wQj cÖvq 16 kZvsk| Ab¨w`‡K 

bMix‡Z I cjøx GjvKvq e„w×i nvi wQj h_vµ‡g 

cÖvq 37 kZvsk I 11 kZvsk (weweGm, 2003)| 

aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h, †`‡ki RbmsL¨v 2020 mv‡ji 

g‡a¨ 17 †KvwU‡Z †cuŠQ‡e (wek¦ e¨vsK I wewmGGm, 

2004) Ges 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖvq 21 †KvwU 82 

jvL 50 nvRv‡i ùvov‡e| 

f~wgi aib eb¨vi MfxiZv ‡gŠmyg wfwËK c vweZ GjvKv ¯’vqxfv‡e c vweZ GjvKv 

gvSvwi DuPz f~wg 1 (Gd 0 ) 0.3 wgUvi 16% 0% 

gvSvwi DuPz f~wg 2 (Gd 1) 0.9 wgUvi 44% 1% 

gvSvwi wbPz f~wg (Gd 2) 1.8 wgUvi 23% 1% 

wbPz f~wg (Gd 3) 3.0 wgUvi 11% 3% 

LyeB wbPz f~wg (Gd 4) >3.0 wgUvi 1% 1% 

†gvU 95% 6% 

m~Î : GbWweøDGgwc Z_¨ 

cUf‚wg 

7

cUf‚wg 

cjøx GjvKvq AwaKvsk †jvK emevm Ki‡jI bMixi 

RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi AwaKZi| 1964 mvj †_‡K 

1974 mv‡ji g‡a¨ bMixi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi wQj 

evwl©K 6.7 kZvsk| 1974 I 1981 mv‡ji g‡a¨ G 

nvi e„w× †c‡q evwl©K 10.7 kZvs‡k ùvovq| 1991 

mvj I 2001 mv‡ji g‡a¨ G nvi wQj 3.15 kZvsk 

hv mvwe©K RbmsL¨v e„w×i nv‡ii wØ¸Y| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U ¯’vb wfwËK RbmsL¨vi 

wnmve ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h, cÖvq 79 kZvsk 

†jvK (70 kZvsk Af¨šÍixY mgZj f~wg I 9 kZvsk 

Af¨šÍixY cvnvo) †h †Kvbfv‡eB mvMi †_‡K `~‡i 

emevm K‡i Ges evwK 21 kZvsk †jvK (DcK‚jxq 

mgZj f~wgi 15 kZvsk I 6 kZvsk DcK‚jxq cvnvox 

GjvKv) DcK‚jxq †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z emevm K‡i| 

2.1.3 Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v 

evsjv‡`k weMZ `k‡K mvwe©Kfv‡e I we‡kl K‡i 

A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×‡Z Ges mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK 

w¯’wZkxjZvi †¶‡Î fvj mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| 

1990 `k‡Ki ïiæ‡Z evRvigyLx A_©‰bwZK ms¯‹vi 

I wewagvjvi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j 1970 `kK I 1980 

`k‡Ki Zzjbvq †`‡k GKwU AwaKZi w¯’wZkxj 

mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK cwi‡ek M‡o I‡V‡Q| 1990 

`k‡K ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (wRwWwc) cÖe„w× nvi 

µgvš^‡q e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 1991 mvj †_‡K 1995 

mv‡j Mo evwl©K wRwWwc cÖe„w× nvi wQj 4.65 kZvsk 

Ges 1996 mvj †_‡K 2000 mv‡j Zv e„w× †c‡q 

5.5 kZvs‡k DbœxZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb 

ey¨‡ivi Z_¨vbyhvqx 2006-Õ07 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki 

A_©‡bwZK cÖe„w× nvi wQj 6.43 kZvsk| 

gvbe Dbœqb wi‡cvU© 2007 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k gvbe 

Dbœqb m~P‡K (GBPwWAvB ) 140Zg Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| 

2005 mv‡ji (BDGbwWwc, 2007) wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 

Mo Avqy n‡”Q 63.1 eQi Ges eq¯‹ mv¶iZvi nvi 

47.5 kZvsk| Zvm‡Ë¡I, evsjv‡`k m¨vwb‡Ukb, 

cvwb mieivn I cywói we‡ePbvq mnmªvã Dbœqb 

j¶¨mg~n (GgwWwR) AR©‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ 

jvf K‡i‡Q| D`vniY ¯îƒc DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb 

Kfv‡iR 1990 mv‡j wQj 20 kZvsk Ges 2004 

mv‡j Zv ùvwo‡q‡Q 39 kZvs‡k| GQvov RbmsL¨vi 

74 kZvsk 2004 mv‡j (BDGbwWwc, 2007) DbœZ 

ai‡bi cvwbi Drm eënvi KiwQj| ¯^v¯’¨ I wk¶v 

Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv wRwWwcÕi nvi n‡”Q 0.9 kZvsk I 

2.5 kZvsk| R¡vjvwb eënvi I we`y¨r mieiv‡ni 

†¶‡Î evsjv‡`k GL‡bv wcQ‡b c‡o i‡q‡Q| 2007 

mv‡ji gvbe Dbœqb wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx, 2005 mvj 

ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 9 †KvwU 60 jvL 

†jvK we`y¨r mieivn cvqwb| 

evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi cvwievwiK Avq I 

e¨q mgx¶v (GBPAvBBGm) Abyhvqx me©Rb¯^xK…Z 

msÁvi wfwË‡Z 1990 `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q 

RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©K `wi`ª e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| 

GQvov RbmsL¨vi GK-PZz_©vsk nZ`wi`ª wn‡m‡e 

we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| kZvãx e`‡ji gyn~‡Z©i cwiw¯’wZ 

g~jZ AcwiewZ©ZB i‡q †M‡Q| 

mviv‡`‡ki `vwi‡`ªï gvÎv wewfYœ iKg Ges Lv`¨ 

Z_¨wPÎ-3 `vwi‡`ªï ¯’vbwfwËK Ae¯’v 

m~Î : evsjv‡`k miKvi Ges GdGI,2004 


AvMó 2009

wbivcËvnxbZvi m‡½ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| RvwZmsN 

wek¦ Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP (Wwe DGdwc) Gi cÖwZ‡e`‡b 

D‡jøL K‡i‡Q †h me‡P‡q `wi`ª Dc‡Rjv¸‡jv 

i‡q‡Q †`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j, DcK‚jxq 

GjvKvq Ges gqgbwmsn, †bÎ‡Kvbv, ev›ìevb I 

iv½vgvwU‡Z| msL¨v we‡ePbvq 10 jv‡Li †ewk Pig 

`wi`ª gvby‡li emev‡mi GjvKv wmivRMÄ, bIMuvI, 

e¸ov, gqgbwmsn I PÆMÖvg (evsjv‡`k miKvi 

Ges GdGI, 2004)| Z_¨ wPÎ -3 G evsjv‡`‡ki 

¯’vbwfwËK `vwi‡`ªï Ae¯’v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

cÖkvmwbK wefvM¸‡jvi RbsL¨vi AvKvi I `vwi`ª¨ 

m~PK we‡ePbvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, me‡P‡q †ewk msL¨K 

`wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx emevm Ki‡Q ivRkvnx‡Z Ges Zvi 

ci i‡q‡Q XvKv, PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, ewikvj I wm‡j‡Ui 

Ae¯’vb| †Uwej-2 wefvM Abyhvqx `wi`ª‡ì NbZ¡ 

m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| 

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY 

A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi mv¤cÖwZK we‡køl‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q †h, 

wcwQ‡q _vKv wefvM¸‡jv‡Z RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Zi 

Zzjbvq `wi`ª‡ì AvbycvwZK nvi †ewk| Ab¨w`‡K 

AMÖmi wefvM¸‡jv‡Z RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z `wi`ª‡ì 

msL¨v Kg| 2005 mv‡j Lyjbv wefv‡M RbmsL¨vi 

AbycvZ wQj 11.68 kZvsk Ges `wi`ª‡ì AbycvZ 

wQj 13.3 kZvsk| ewikv‡j RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 

wQj 6.42 kZvsk Ges `wi`ª‡ì AbycvZ wQj 8.3 

kZvsk| ivRkvnx‡Z RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ wQj 24.08 

mviwY 2 cÖkvmwbK †Rjv wfwËK `wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨v I NbZ¡ 

AÂj GjvKv RbmsL¨v `vwi‡`ªï nvi 

% 


AvMó 2009 

kZvsk Ges `wi‡`ªi AbycvZ wQj 30.8 kZvsk| 

XvKv wefv‡M RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ wQj 32.23 kZvsk 

Ges `wi`ª‡ì AbycvZ wQj 25.8 kZvsk| PÆMÖvg 

wefv‡M RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ wQj 19.25 kZvsk Ges 

`wi`ª‡ì AbycvZ wQj 5.4 kZvsk| mKj †Rjvi 

†¶‡ÎI GB AbycvZ h_v_© e‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q| 

2.1.4 cÖavb A_©‰bwZK 

LvZmg~n 

cUf‚wg 

K…wl, Drcv`b wk¶v I wewfbœ †mev LvZ †hgb 

cwienb I eëmv n‡”Q †`‡ki cÖavb A_©‡bwZK 

LvZ| RvZxq Av‡q K…wli cÖZ¨¶ Ae`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i 

wKQy weZK© _vK‡jI `yÕwU wel‡q †Kvb gZwe‡iva 

†bB| cÖ_gZ: wRwWwc‡Z Gi Ask n«v‡mi cÖeYZv 

i‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ : Zvm‡Ë¡I GwU GLbI wecyj msL¨K 

gvbyl‡K mnvqZv w`‡”Q Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvsk LvZ 

ev Kg©KvÛ GwUi Ici wbf©ikxj| we‡kl K‡i 

K…wl Lv‡Zi wewfbœ cY¨ cÖwµqvKiY ev Ab¨ †Kvb 

‡mev cÖ`vb K‡i Zv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| GQvov miKvi 

Lv`¨k‡m¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖqvm Pvwj‡q 

hv‡”Q e‡j K…wl Lv‡Z †UKmB cÖe„w× nvi eRvq ivLvi 

j‡¶¨ we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q| mviwY-3-G 10 jvL 

UvKvi wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb LvZ¸‡jvi cÖK…Z 

wWwRwc Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

`wi`ª RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡/eM© 

wKwg. 

eM© wKwg % ‡KvwU % ‡KvwU % `wi`ª ‡gvU 

ewikvj 13297 9.01 0.89 6.42 52.0 0.46 8.3 346 669 

PÆMÖvg 33771 22.88 2.67 19.25 34.0 0.91 16.4 270 790 

XvKv 31120 21.09 4.47 32.23 32.0 1.43 25.8 460 1436 

Lyjbv 22273 15.09 1.62 11.68 45.7 0.74 13.3 332 727 

ivRkvnx 34514 23.39 3.34 24.08 51.2 1.71 30.8 495 967 

wm‡jU 12596 8.54 0.88 6.34 33.8 0.30 5.4 238 699 

evsjv‡`k 147571 100 13.87 100 40.0 5.55 100 376 940 

m~Î : mvavib A_©bxwZ wefvM, 2008 

9

cUf‚wg 

mviwY 3 10 jvL UvKvi wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki (cÖavb LvZ¸‡jvi) cÖK…Z wRwWwc 

LvZmg~n 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 (wc) 

K…wl (grm¨ LvZmn) 558,050 570,367 598,532 625,796 648,400 

Drcv`b 390,688 422,690 468,197 513,722 551,833 

cvBKvix I LyPiv eëmv 337,698 361,552 385,961 416,996 447,018 

cwienb, gRy` I †hvMv‡hvM 236,764 255,522 275,922 298,093 323,994 

wRwWwc (cÖK…Z) 2,519,680 2,669,740 2,846,726 3,029,709 3,217,855 

cÖe„w× nvi (cÖK…Z) 6.27 5.96 6.63 6.43 6.21 

wRwWwc (gv_vwcQy UvKvq) 18,637 19,489 20,512 21,550 22,597 

wRwWwc (gv_vwcQy gvwK©b Wjv‡i) 418 441 447 487 554 

m~Î : weweGm wUKv : (wc) A_©vr kZ©vaxb 

2.1. 5 wkí KviLvbv I 

AeKvV‡gv 

evsjv‡`k g~jZ GKwU K…wl cÖavb †`k| Zv m‡Ë¡I, 

bMivq‡Yi cvkvcvwk †emiKvix Lv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi 

gva¨‡g cÖ_wgKfv‡e wkívqb GwM‡q Pj‡Q| U¨v· 

nwj‡WÕi g‡Zv wewfbœ ai‡Yi Avw_©K my‡hvM-myweav 

w`‡q evsjv‡`k miKvi Ae¨vnZfv‡e †emiKvix 

Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i P‡j‡Q| Drcv`b 

I cÖwµqvRvZKiY n‡”Q cÖavb wkí LvZ †hLv‡b 

¯’vbxq I Avg`vbxRvZ Dfq ai‡Yi KuvPvgvj e„nr 

wkí KviLvbv¸‡jv‡Z eëüZ n‡”Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 

me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡”Q cvU, Zzjv, e¯¿, KvMR 

I wbDR wcÖ›U, wPwb, wm‡g›U, ivmvqwbK, mvi I 

U¨vbvix| ˆZix †cvlvK wkí n‡”Q cÖavb ê‡`wkK 

gy`ªv AR©bKvix wkí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| 

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvwjKvbvaxb wkí-KviLvbv¸‡jv 

wkí gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b wewfbœ K‡c©v‡i‡k‡bi 

gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| evsjv‡`k ivmvqwbK wkí 

ms¯’v (wewmAvBwm) 13 wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkí KviLvbv 

cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q Ges G¸‡jvi AwaKvskB eo eo 

b`-b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z| ZvB, G¸‡jv weï× cvwbi 

cÖvc¨Zvi Afve mn Rjevqy cwieZ©b mswk ó wewfbœ 

Pig fvevcbœ cwiw¯’wZ cÖeY| 

evsjv‡`‡ki wkí A_©bxwZ‡Z ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí 

cÖwZôv‡bi (GmGgB) NbZ¡ Lye †ekx| ‡emiKvix 

Lv‡Z wkí cÖwZôvb mg~‡ni g‡a¨ 90 fvMB n‡”Q GB 

ai‡Yi cÖwZôvb| G¸‡jv AK…wl kªgkw³i 70 †_‡K 

80 kZvsk Kg©ms¯’vb Ki‡Q (wRBwW, 2008)| 

GmGgB¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡”Q bvix‡ì e¨vcK 

m¤ú„³Zv| ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv †`‡ki 

ga¨vÂj I DcKzjxq GjvKvq Aew¯’Z weavq eb¨v, 

N~wb©So I R‡jv”Qv‡mi Kvi‡Y ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nIqvi 

SzuwK 

A‡bK †ekx| 

MZ K‡qK `k‡K wewfbœ bMix I e„nr evRvi¸‡jvi 

m‡½ MÖvgxY weKvkgvb †K›`ª¸‡jvi ms‡hvM e„w× 

Ki‡Z AeKvVv‡gv Lv‡Z we‡kl K‡i cwienb 

eë¯’vq e¨vcK Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki 

cwienb eë¯’vq PviwU aib i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q 

moK, †ij Af¨šÍixY †bŠc_ Ges wegvb c_| ¯’j 

cwienb AeKvVv‡gv we‡kl K‡i moK †hvMv‡hvM 

A‡bK †dwi cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ wew”Qbœ Ges A‡bK b`x 

eë¯’vi Kvi‡Y ¯’j cwien‡bi †¶‡Î Ny‡i hvIqv 

c‡_ hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z nq| cwienb AeKvVv‡gv 

we‡kl K‡i moK †bUIqv‡K©i wbg©vY I i¶Yv‡e¶Y 

e¨q A‡bK †ewk| KviY n‡”Q AmsL¨ b`x c‡_i 

Rb¨ ¯’j c_ RwUjfv‡e Qwo‡q wQwU‡q i‡q‡Q| Nb 

Nb eb¨vi Rb¨ DuPz AeKvVv‡gvi euva cÖ‡qvRb Ges 

gvwUi Ae¯’v fvj bv _vKvi cvkvcvwk wbg©vY mvgMÖxi 

Afve i‡q‡Q Ges wbg©vY wkíI AcÖZzj| 

eZ©gv‡b moK I Rbc_ wefv‡Mi (AviGBPwW) 


AvMó 2009

Aaxb mo‡Ki †gvU ‰`N©¨ cÖvq 21 nvRvi 5 kÕ 

71 wK‡jvwgUvi| Gi g‡a¨ 16, 500 wK‡jvwgUvi 

iv¯Ív cvKv Ges 5, 071 wK‡jvwgUvi BU weQv‡bv| 

†gvU †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ 3570 wK‡jvwgUvi RvZxq 

gnvmoK, 4323 wK‡jvwgUvi AvÂwjK gnvmoK 

Ges 13678 wK‡jvwgUvi n‡”Q †Rjv moK| G 

Qvov, moK I Rbc_ wefvM mviv †`‡k wewfbœ ˆ`N©¨ 

I AvKv‡ii 3790 wU †mZz I 10981 wU KvjfvU© 

i¶bv‡e¶Y K‡i _v‡K| 

Av‡iKwU miKvix cÖwZôvb ¯’vbxq miKvi I cÖ‡KŠkj 

Awa`dZi (GjwRBwW) cjøx GjvKvq †MÖv_ †m›Uvi, 

BDwbqb cwil` Kvh©vjq, Dc‡Rjv cwil` Kvh©vjq, 

mgvR †mev cÖwZôvb †hgb ¯‹zj I nvmcvZv‡ji m‡½ 

†hvMv‡hvM ¯’vc‡b Ae¨vnZfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| 

Zviv cj x GjvKvq †mZz I KvjfvU© wbgv©bI Ki‡Q| 

Gme †mZz I KvjfvU© cvwbi cÖevn eRvq ivLv Ges 

cvwb cÖevn‡K RU gy³ ivL‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AeKvVv‡gv 

wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Z‡e, G¸‡jvi we`¨gvb bKkv 

e„wócv‡Zi A¯^vfvweK AvPiY †gvKv‡ejvq m¶g bq 

Ges A‡bK mgq A‡bK GjvKvq †Wª‡b Rjve×Zv 

m„wó nq| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

d‡j e„wócv‡Zi A¯^vfvweK AvPiY e„w× cv‡e Ges 

fwel¨‡Z cq:wb®‹vkb eë¯’vq Rjve×Zv Av‡iv e„w× 

cv‡e| 

2.1.6 bxwZ, cwiKíbv, 

cÖwZôvb I kvmb eë¯’v 

evsjv‡`k miKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

†gvKv‡ejvq GKwU mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM Ges mswkøó 

wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I ms¯’v, mykxj mgvR I eëmvq 

Lv‡Zi m¤ú„³Zv cÖ‡qvRb| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii 

GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bmy¨| cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 

BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi bxwZMZ w`Kwb‡`©kbv Ges G 

msµvšÍ evaëvaKZv ev¯Íevq‡bi w`K¸‡jv †`Lfvj 

Kivi Rb¨ 1994 mv‡j GKwU RvZxq Rjevqy KwgwU 

MVb K‡iwQj| cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq I cwi‡ek 


AvMó 2009 

cUf‚wg 

Awa`dZi QvovI evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvjq Rjevqy cwieZ©b Bmy¨‡Z m¤ú„³| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Bmy¨‡Z mswkøó evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvjq¸‡jv I ms¯’v¸‡jv n‡”Q-Lv`¨ I 

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq (GgIGdwWGg) Ges 

Aaxb¯’ `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv ey¨‡iv (wWGgwe) I e¨vcK 

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP (wmwWGgwc); cvwb m¤ú` 

gš¿Yvjq Ges Aaxb¯’ evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW©, cvwb 

m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v I c~e©vfvm ms¯’vmg~n; ¯’vbxq 

miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq Ges Aaxb¯’ 

¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi (GjwRBwW) I 

Rb¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi (wWwcGBPB); K…wl 

gš¿Yvjq Ges Aaxb¯’ †`‡k bvbv Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 

gvbvbmB bZzb km¨ D¢veb I cÖ`k©‡b wb‡qvwRZ ms¯’v 

RvZxq K…wl M‡elYv eë¯’v; cïm¤ú` I grm¨ m¤ú` 

gš¿Yvjq Ges Aaxb¯’ grm¨ Awa`dZi I Gi M‡elYv 

kvLv Ges ¯^v¯’¨ I mgvR Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq| 

K‡qKwU RvZxq ch©v‡qi I †KŠkj I Kg©m~Px‡Z 

Rjevqy cwi‡eZ©‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U Dbœqb cwiKíbv 

cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡¶¨ miKv‡ii wewfbœ 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dbœqb ms¯’v I wefvM¸‡jv mn miKv‡ii 

mvg_© †Rvi`v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi P¨v‡jÄ¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejvi j‡¶¨ 

m¤cÖwZ cÖYxZ evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkj 

I Kg©cwiKíbvq (wewmwmGmGwc) †ek wKQy mvg_©¨ 

Dbœq‡bi wel‡q civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q| Awf‡hvR‡bi 

Rb¨ mswkøó mvg_©¨ Dbœq‡bi welq¸‡jv n‡”Q (K) 

RvZxq, LvZ wfwËK I ¯’vbwfwËK Dbœqb cwiKíbvi 

g~j avivq Rjevqy cwieZ©b Bmy¨wU‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv 

Ges cwiKíbvq `y¯’ MÖæç‡jv I bvix‡ì Ici 

we`¨gvb cÖfve¸‡jv‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb wbwðZ 

Kiv, (L) Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq, ¯’vbxq 

miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi I RvZxq K…wl M‡elYv 

eë¯’vmn Rjevqy cwieZ©b Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP‡K 

GwM‡q wb‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I ms¯’v¸‡jvi 

mvg_©¨ e„w× Kiv| 

cwiKíbv Kwgkb n‡”Q cÖavb ms¯’v hv ¯^í †gqvw` I 

`xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv¸‡jv cÖYqb Ges RvZxq Dbœqb 

Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡Z w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb I Z`viwK K‡i| 

wewmwmGmGwc Rjevqy cwieZ©b Bmy¨wU‡K g~javivq 

11

cUf‚wg 

Z_¨ wPÎ 4 cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvi îwLK Dc¯’vcb 

RvZxq cwi‡ek KvDwÝj 

cÖavbgš¿xi †bZ…‡Z¡ †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbv I 

ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ RvZxq ¯’vqx KwgwU 

cwi‡ek I eb gš¿xi †bZ…‡Z¡ 

mvwe©K mgš^q I myweav cÖ`vb 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b BDwbU 


mgš^q I eë¯’vcbv 

mKj gš¿Yvj‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©b †mj 

Zv‡ì AvIZvi g‡a¨ cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevqb 

Kg©KvÛ 

m¤ú„³ Kivi cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ `yÕwU cwieZ©b Avbvi 

civgk© w`‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q (K) Kvw•¶Z j¶¨ 

AR©‡bi eQi¸‡jvi Rb¨ (†hgb- 2030, 2050 

I 2100) wewfbœ cÖK‡íi †¶‡Î GK ¸”Q bKkv I 

cwiKíbv cÖYqb, hv‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve¸‡jv 

we‡ePbvq †bqv n‡e| (L) Rjevqy mwnòzZv ev Rjevqy 

¯úk©KvZiZvi †¶‡Î wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mswkøó 

mKj welq AšÍfy©³ Kiv I mwVKfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ 

n‡q‡Q Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z h_vh_fv‡e cÖKí cÖYqb 

bw_c‡Îi bKkv Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cÖKí cÖYq‡bi 

we`¨gvb c×wZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

Bmy¨¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖKí cÖYqbKvix‡ì m‡PZb Kiv 

cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z D‡ØMRbK mKj welq cwiKíbv 

cÖwµqvq h_vh_fv‡e AšÍfy©³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 

cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi wewfbœ cÖfve Ges mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK 

cÖe„w× I `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© Abyave‡bi Rb¨ 

GKwU bxwZ M‡elYv I we‡k l‡Yi D‡`¨vM MÖnY 

K‡i‡Q| GB mgx¶vi GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© j¶¨ 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b ‡b‡Mvwk‡qkb 

ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi mn‡hvwMZvq 

n‡”Q A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× I `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi j¶¨ AR©‡b 

mnvqZv w`‡Z cwiKíbv I bKkv cÖYq‡b Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b Bmy¨¸‡jv‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv| mgx¶vq cÖvß cÖv_ 

wgK djvd‡j †`Lv †M‡Q †h, gvV ch©v‡qi ev¯ÍeZv 

†gvKv‡ejvq we`¨gvb wewfbœ c`‡¶‡ci †¶‡Î 

cwieZ©b NUv‡Z ev m~Pbv Ki‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Ges A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× I `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© 

Abyave‡bi Rb¨ Av‡iv M‡elYv cÖ‡qvRb| 

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 

B‡Zvg‡a¨ RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

SzuwK 

eë¯’vcbvq GKwU mgwš^Z `„wófw½ M‡o 

†Zvjvi j¶¨ wb‡q e¨vcK `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wPi 

(wmwWGgwc) Aax‡b cwi‡ek Awa`dZ‡i Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b †mj MVb K‡i‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b †m‡ji 

Kv‡Q we‡kl K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b Awf‡hvR‡bi 

j‡¶¨ wewfbœ Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Bmy¨¸‡jv‡K g~javivq AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z mÿgZv M‡o 

†Zvjvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡”Q| 


AvMó 2009

Rjevqy cwieZ©b mswk ó Kg©Kv‡Ûi mgš^q NUv‡Z 

evsjv‡`k miKvi (wRIwe) B‡Zvg‡a¨ cwi‡ek I 

ebgš¿xi †bZ…‡Z¡ Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ GKwU 

AvšÍtgš¿Yvjq KwgwU MVb K‡i‡Q Ges G‡Z mswkøó 

miKvi gš¿Yvjq I Awa`dZi Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wewfbœ 

†emiKvwi ms¯’v (GbwRI) I M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡bi 

cÖwZwbwaZ¡ i‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

msµvšÍ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mwPevjq wn‡m‡e f~wgKv 

cvjb Ki‡Z cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡q GKwU 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b BDwbU MVb K‡i‡Q| cÖavbgš¿xi 

mfvcwZ‡Z¡ msm` m`më„›` (Ggwc) Ges miKvi 

I mykxj mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa‡ì wb‡q cwi‡ek 

msµvšÍ bxwZ wba©vi‡Yi j‡¶¨ GKwU RvZxq cwi‡ek 

KwgwU i‡q‡Q| Zv m‡Ë¡I D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i 

†h, GB ai‡bi AwaKvsk ms¯’vq gvbe m¤ú‡ì 

¸YMZ gvbmn cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv `ye©j I bvRyK 

Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi P¨v‡jÄmg~n h_vh_fv‡e 

†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡j ev¯Íem¤§Z AMÖMwZ Riæwi| 

cÖavb gš¿xi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ RvZxq cwi‡ek KwgwUi 

Kv‡Q AvšÍtgš¿Yvjq KwgwU wi‡cvU© †ck Ki‡e| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ RvZxq cwi‡ek KwgwU 

Ges RvZxq w÷qvwis KwgwU wØcvw¶K I eûcvw¶K 

welqmn AvšÍR©vwZK Rjevqy Av‡jvPbvq Ges Z_¨ I 

Dbœqb msµvšÍ mn‡hvwMZv I M‡elYvi Rb¨ AvÂwjK 

Kg©m~Px‡Z w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ RvZxq w÷sqvwis KwgwU‡K 

mnvqZv †`qvi Rb¨ cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡q GKwU 

Rievqy cwieZ©b BDwbU ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU 

mKj gš¿Yvj‡qi Rjevqy cwieZ©b †m‡ji m‡½ KvR 

K‡i| Z_¨ wPÎ-4 G cªvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvi GKwU 

îwLK Dc¯’vcbv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 


AvMó 2009 

2.2 Rjevqy cwieZ©b mswkøó 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dbœqb mgm¨v 

wKQy cwi‡ek msµvšÍ Bmy¨ Ges Dbœqb mswkøó mgm¨v 

ev D‡Ø‡Mi welq i‡q‡Q hv B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki 

Dbœqb cÖwµqvq weNœ NUv‡”Q Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

fwel¨‡Z Gme Dbœqb mgm¨v‡K Av‡iv evwo‡q 

Zzj‡e| Dbœqb I Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 

cwi‡ekMZ D‡Ø‡Mi welq¸‡jvi msw¶ß weeiY wb‡gœ 

cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

2.2.1 f~wg I gvwU 

cUf‚wg 

we‡kl K‡i bMivqb I gvby‡li emwZ wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ 

Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R eënvi e„w× cvIqvi d‡j K…wl 

Rwgi cwigvY `ªæZ n«vm cv‡”Q| cÖwZeQi Avev`‡hvM¨ 

Rwg n«v‡mi nvi ùvwo‡q‡Q cÖvq 1 jvL †n±i| 

Rwg eënv‡ii †¶‡Î KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b QvovI 

M½v, hgybv I wZ¯Ív b`xi AeevwnKvq Ges evsjv‡`‡ki 

DcK‚j I mgy‡`ªi KvQvKvwQ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z b`x 

fvOb Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| b`x we‡aŠZ GjvKv¸‡jvi 

cÖvq 17 jvL †n±i f~wg b`x Zxi fvOb cÖeY (Kwig 

I BKevj, 2000)| †`Lv †M‡Q †h, 1973 mvj I 

1996 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †gvU 73 nvRvi 552 †n±i f~wg 

wejxb n‡q‡Q Ges cwj R‡g gvÎ 10 nvRvi 628 

†n±i f~wg MwVZ n‡q‡Q (Iqvi‡cv, 2000)| ‡MŠb 

Dcv`v‡bi Afve, jeYv³Zvi Abycª‡ek, Mv‡Qi 

cywói Rb¨ h_vh_ cwic~iK bv _vKvmn †ek wKQy 

Kvi‡Y gvwUi †fŠZ, ivmvqwbK I ˆRweK ¸Yv¸Y n«vm 

cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k AwaKvsk ¯’v‡bi gvwU‡Z ch©vß 

ˆRe ev¯Íe Afve i‡q‡Q| 45 kZvsk Avev`‡hvM¨ 

Rwg‡Z ˆRe e¯‘i cwigvY 1 kZvs‡ki Kg| DcK‚jxq 

I mgy`ª Zxi †_‡K `~ieZx© wewfbœ GjvKvi 28 jvL 

50 nvRvi †n±i Rwgi g‡a¨ cÖvq 12 jvL †n±i 

Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwg wewfbœ gvÎvq jeYv³Zvi d‡j 

¶wZMÖ¯Í| el©Y †gŠmy‡g †Rvqv‡ii c veb, jeYv³ I 

Clr jeYv³ cvwbi cÖZ¨¶ c veb, ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g f~Mf©¯’ 

jeYv³ cvwbi EaŸ©gyLx ev wbgœgyLx cÖevn Ges wPswo 

Pv‡li Rb¨ Clr †jvbv cvwbi c veb DcK‚jxq f~wgi 

13

cUf‚wg 

jeYv³Zvi cÖavb KviY| gvwUi ï®‹Zvi cvkvcvwk 

`xN©w`‡bi jeYv³Zv mgm¨vi ZxeªZv e„w× K‡i‡Q| 

2.2.2 cvwb 

evsjv‡`k cvwb m¤ú‡` mg„×| cvwb cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vq 

i‡q‡Q M½v, cÙv, eªþcyÎ I †gNbv (wRweGg), GB 

wZbwU cÖavb b`-b`xi AeevwnKvq AmsL¨ kvLv I 

cÖkvLv b`x cÖevn Ges Av‡iv i‡q‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv 

¯’vqx I †gŠmygx Rjvf~wg hv ¯’vbxqfv‡e nvIi, evIo, 

cyKzi, `xwN, Lvj I wej wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| Z_¨vbyhvqx, 

evsjv‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍi evB‡i †_‡K cÖwZeQi 92 

kZvsk ev Av‡iv †ewk cvwb †`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i| Z‡e 

fwel¨‡Z AvšÍtmxgvšÍ b`x¸‡jv‡Z wK cwigvY cvwb 

Avm‡e †m e¨vcv‡i h‡_ô m‡›`n i‡q‡Q| b`xi cÖev‡n 

†gŠmyg Abyhvqx e¨vcK ZviZg¨ cwijw¶Z nq| el©v 

†gŠmy‡g M½v I eªþcyÎ AeevwnKvq me©‡gvU cÖevn 

RyjvB-AvM÷ gv‡m ev †m‡Þ¤^‡ii ïiæ‡Z m‡e©v”P 

80 nvRvi †_‡K 1 jvL 40 nvRvi Nb wgUvi/†m‡KÛ 

ch©šÍ nq (GbWvwe DGgwc, 2001)| M½vq (M½v 

cvwb Pzw³ Abyhvqx) wbqwš¿Z cÖev‡ni (80%) d‡j 

†deªæqvwi †_‡K GwcÖj ch©šÍ †gqv‡` cvwb cÖevn 

1000 NbwgUvi/†m‡KÛ ev Av‡iv Kg n‡Z cv‡i| 

eªþcyÎ b‡` cvwbi cÖevn (wbqwš¿Z) gvP©-GwcÖj 

†gqv‡` 4000 NbwgUvi/†m‡KÛ ev Av‡iv Kg n‡Z 

cv‡i| (GbWwe DGgwc,2001) 

DcK‚jxq GjvKv¸‡jvi Rjvkq¸‡jv‡Z cÖavbZ `yÕwU 

mgm¨v i‡q‡Q, †hgb †gvnbv GjvKvq jeYv³Zv 

Ges mvgyw`ªK GjvKvq cvwb `~lY| †gŠmyg wfwËK 

b`-b`xi wgVv cvwbi cÖevn Ges PÆMÖvg I Lyjbvq 

mgy`ª e›ì¸‡jvi Kg©Kv‡Ûi Ici Gme mgm¨vi 

gvÎv wbf©ikxj| 

mvaviYZ ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g Pvwn`vi †P‡q cÖvc¨Zv n«vm 

cvIqvq ev cvwbi ¸YMZ gvb bv _vKvq eënvi 

Abyc‡hvMx n‡j cvwbi NvUwZ †`Lv †`q| ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g 

cvwb cvIqvi Drm n‡”Q DRvb †_‡K †b‡g Avmv 

I AvšÍtmxgvšÍ b`-b`xi cÖevn Ges f~c„‡ôi wewfbœ 

Rjvkq I f~Mf©¯’ cvwb| †gŠmy‡gi ïiæ‡Z gvwUi 

Av`ª©¨Zvi cwigv‡Yi IciI cvwbi NvUwZ wbf©ikxj| 

DRv‡b Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ Ges †mP I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri 

Rb¨ cvwb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Kvi‡Y ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g AvšÍtmxgvšÍ 

cÖevn n«vm cvq| evsjv‡`‡k †mP I M„n¯’vjx cvwb 

mieiv‡ni Rb¨ f~Mf©¯’ cvwb n‡”Q cÖavb Drm| 80Õi 

`kK †_‡K f~Mf©¯’ Drm Kv‡R jvwM‡q †mP I cvwb 

mieivn Kivi Rb¨ cvwb D‡Ëvjb cÖhyw³i eënvi 

e¨vcK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZKv‡j AMfxi ¯Í‡i 

f~Mf©¯’ cvwb‡Z `~lY mbv³ nIqvq Zv GKwU cÖavb 

mgm¨v wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki 

Av`k© gvb (0.05 wgwjMÖvg/wjUvi) Qvwo‡q hvIqvi 

Kvi‡Y RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 25 kZvsk Av‡m©wbK `~lY 

cwiw¯’wZi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| (GbWwe DGgwc, 

2001)| †`‡ki wewfbœ As‡k Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨vi g‡a¨ 

i‡q‡Q Rjve×Zv (we‡kl K‡i DcK‚jxq GjvKvq I 

bMi †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z) Ges A‡bK ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q `ye©j 

cvwb eë¯’vcbv I cq:wb®‹vkb eë¯’v| 

2.2.3 Rxe êwPÎ¨ 

‡`‡ki ¯’jfvM I Rjfv‡M Dw¢` I cÖvYxK‚jmn 

wecyj msL¨K Rxe êwPÎ¨ we`¨gvb| cÖvY êwPÎ¨ 

msµvšÍ Z_¨ h‡_ô bv _vK‡jI aviYv Kiv nq †h, 

bvbv Dbœqb cÖqv‡m Rj I ¯’jfv‡M cÖvY êwP‡Îï 

D‡j L‡hvM¨ wejywß mvab n‡q‡Q| Awe‡ePbvcÖm~Z 

Dcv‡q AZ¨šÍ cwiwPZ wKQy cÖRvwZ AwZwi³ cwigv‡Y 

Avni‡bi d‡j †m¸‡jvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wecbœ n‡q‡Q| 

‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j my›ìe‡bi Mivb ebf~wg 

Dw¢` I cÖvY êwP‡Îï mw¤§j‡b Aciƒc cwi‡ek M‡o 

Zz‡j‡Q| †gvnbv GjvKvi cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vq Sov cvZv 

cP‡b ˆRe e¯‘i cyÄxfeb N‡U Ges GB RwUj Lv`¨ Pµ 

wecyjmsL¨K mvgyw`ªK I Clr †jvbv cvwbi AbyRx‡ei 

Lv`¨ †hvMvq| my›ìe‡b i‡q‡Q 400 cÖRvwZi gvQ, 

270wU cÖRvwZi cvwL I 3 kZvwaK cÖRvwZi MvQcvjv| 

GwU eû cwihvqx cvwL I bvbv ai‡bi mvgyw`ªK cvwLi 

kxZKvjxb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Avevm¯’j| Mivb ebf~wgwU n‡”Q 

i‡qj †e½j UvBMv‡ii (c¨vb‡_iv UvBwMÖm) e„nËg 

Avevm¯’j| †m›U gvwU©b Øxc n‡”Q mvgyw`ªK KvwQ‡gi 

evmv ‰Zixi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb| GwUI cwihvqx cvwL‡ì 

kxZKvjxb PviYf~wg| 


AvMó 2009

mviwY 4 evsjv‡`‡k eb¨vi wewfbœ aib, KviY I NUbvi Kvj 

eb¨vi aib NUvi KviYmg~n mgq/w¯’wZKvj m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZMÖ¯Í GjvKv 

AvKw¯§K eb¨v DRv‡b cÖwZ‡ekx †`‡ki e¨wZµgx cÖej el©‡Yi d‡j 

†b‡g Avmv Xj 

e„wói cvwbi 

eb¨v/†gŠmygx eb¨v 


AvMó 2009 

evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i b`xwe‡aŠZ I mgZj GjvKvq 

cÖej e„wócvZ 

b`-b`xi eb¨v wngvj‡qi DuPz ¯’v‡b eidMjb, wngvj‡q Avmv‡gi 

cvnv‡o, wÎcyivi cvnv‡o, eªþcy‡Îi DRv‡b I M½v 

we‡aŠZ mgZj f~wg‡Z cÖPzi †gŠmygx e„wóúvZ 

DcK‚jxq eb¨v cÖej N~wY©S‡oi †¶‡Î cy‡iv DcK‚jxq GjvKv c vweZ 

nq| DcK‚jxq GjvKv¸‡jv †Rvqv‡ii Kvi‡YI c vweZ 

nq 

m~Î : Avn‡g`, 2006 

Iqvì© †nwi‡UR mvBU e‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v †NvwlZ my›ìeb 

QvovI GLv‡b Av‡iv we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y© Rjvf~wg i‡q‡Q 

G¸‡jv (DcK‚j I Af¨šÍixY wgVv cvwbi Rjvkq) 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© A‡bK Dw¢` (†hgb, RjgMœ ebf~wg) cÖvYx, 

RjR cÖRvwZ Ges A‡bK cÖRvwZi cwihvqx cvwLi 

Rb¨ kxZKvjxb Avkªq ¯’j| 

2.2.4 cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM 

‡fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡YB evsjv‡`k cÖvK…wZK 

`y‡h©v‡M SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb| †`‡ki †Kvb bv †Kvb As‡k 

cÖwZ eQiB GK ev GKvwaK cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M gvby‡li 

RxebhvÎv wech©¯— nq| cÖavb cÖavb cÖvK…wZK 

wech©‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eb¨v, N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm, 

AvKw¯§K eb¨v, Liv, U‡b©‡Wv, f~wgK¤ú, b`xZxi 

fvOb I f~wgam| 

evsjv‡`‡k eb¨v GKwU ¯^vfvweK NUbv| evsjv‡`‡ki 

f~wgi 80 kZvsk eb¨vi d‡j ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nq| 

GKwU ¯^vfvweK eQ‡i †`‡ki 20-25 kZvsk GjvKv 

eb¨vi Dc‡P cov cvwb ev †Wª‡bi Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y 

el©v †gŠmyg c~e©eZx© gvm 

GwcÖj I †g 

evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂj I 

c~e©vÂjxq cvnv‡oi cv`‡`k 

GwcÖj-‡g, Ryb-AvM÷ ‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvsk 

GwcÖj-‡g, Ryb-‡m‡Þ¤î wZbwU cÖavb b`-b`xi 

AeevwnKv 

Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤î ch©šÍ 

†Rvqv‡ii Kvi‡Y eb¨v nq 

`w¶Y-cwðgvÂjxq 

DcK~jxq GjvKv 

Z_¨ wPÎ-5 1998 mv‡ji eb¨vi MfxiZv Abyhvqx eb¨v 

cÖeY GjvKv 

m~Î: GbWweøDAviwW, 2001 

cUf‚wg 

15

cUf‚wg 

Zwj‡q hvq| †`‡ki cÖvq 37%, 43%, 52% I 60% 

†gvUvgywUfv‡e 10, 20, 50 ev 100 eQ‡ii P‡µ eb¨vq 

c vweZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k Pvi ai‡bi eb¨v n‡Z 

†`Lv hvq| 4bs †Uwe‡j eb¨vi cÖK…wZ, NUbvi Kvj I 

mvaviYfv‡e cÖfv‡ei †¶Î¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

1987, 1988 I 1998 mv‡ji fqven eb¨vi mgq 

†`‡ki 60 kZvs‡ki †ewk GjvKv c vweZ n‡qwQj| 

mviwY 5 MZ 50 eQ‡i eo eb¨v¸‡jvi cÖfve 

NUbv cÖfve 

1954 mv‡ji eb¨v ‡`‡ki 55 kZvsk GjvKv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq 

†Kej 1998 mv‡ji eb¨vq 1,100 †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvwb 

N‡UwQj| cÖvq 1 jvL eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKvq Zwj‡q 

wM‡qwQj, 3 †KvwU †jvK ev¯‘nviv n‡qwQj I 5 jvL 

evwo bó n‡q wM‡qwQj| GQvovI G‡Z AeKvVv‡gvi 

A‡bK eo ¶wZ n‡q‡Q| 2004 mv‡j eb¨vq †`‡ki 

38 kZvsk Zwj‡q wM‡qwQj| Avevi 2007 mv‡ji 

eb¨vq cÖvq 42 kZvsk f~wg ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡q‡Q| 3bs 

Qwe‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨v cÖeY GjvKv Ges 5 bs 

1974 mv‡ji eb¨v gvSvwi ch©v‡qi fqven, 2 mnmªvwaK cÖvYnvwb N‡UwQj, ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡qwQj †`‡ki 58 kZvsk, c‡i `ywf©‡¶ 30 

nvRv‡ii †ewk †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvwb 

1984 mv‡ji eb¨v 52 nvRvi 520 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv c vweZ, ¶wZi cwigvY cÖvq 37 †KvwU 80 jvL Wjvi 

1987 mv‡ji eb¨v 50 nvRvi eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv c vweZ, AvbygvwbK ¶wZi cwigvY 100 †KvwU Wjvi, cÖvYnvwb 2055 R‡bi 

1988 mv‡ji eb¨v ‡`‡ki 61 kZvsk GjvKv c vweZ, AvbygvwbK ¶wZi cwigvY 120 †KvwU Wjvi, ev¯‘nviv 4 †KvwU 50 jv‡Li †ewk 

gvbyl, cÖvYnvwb 2000-6500 

1998 mv‡ji eb¨v cÖvYnvwb 1100, cÖvq 1 jvL eM©wK‡jvwgUvi c vweZ, ev¯‘nviv 3 †KvwU †jvK, 5 jvL Nievwo webó, AeKvVv‡gvi e¨vcK 

¶wZ, AvbygvwYK ¶wZi cwigvY 280 †KvwU Wjvi 

2004 mv‡ji eb¨v c vweZ 38 kZvsk GjvKv, ¶wZi cwigvY 660 †KvwU Wjvi, cÖvYnvwb 700, ¶wZMÖ¯Í †jv‡Ki msL¨v 38 jvL 

2007 mv‡ji eb¨v 32 nvRvi eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv c vweZ, 85 nvRv‡ii †ewk Nievwo webó Ges cÖvq 10 jvL †jvK ¶wZMÖ¯Í, 

AvbygvwYK 12 jvL GKi Rwgi dmj webó ev AvswkKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, AvbygvwYK ¶wZi cwigvY 1kÕ †KvwU Wjvi, 

cÖvYnvwb 649 

2008 mv‡ji eb¨v 3 nvRvi 394 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv c vweZ| 11 nvRvi 448wU evwo cy‡ivcywi webó, AvbygvwYK 3 jvL 50 nvRvi 

GKi Rwgi dmj webó ev AvswkKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q 

m~Î : bvcv, 2005, wewmwmGmGwc, 2008, wWGgwe, 2008 Ges wiwjd I‡qe, 2008 

mviwY 6 wewfbœ ai‡bi Livq ¶wZMÖ¯Í GjvKv 

Livi aib Iwe Lwid-c~e© Lwid 

AZ¨šÍ gvivZ¥K 0.446 0.403 0.344 

gvivZ¥K 1.71 1.15 0.74 

gvSvwi 2.95 4.76 3.17 

nvjKv 4.21 4.09 2.90 

Livnxb 3.17 2.09 0.68 

wU-Avgb Qvov 4.71 

m~Î : weGAviwm 


AvMó 2009

26 

25 

24 

23 

22 

21 

THAKURGAON 

NAWABGANJ 

PANCHAGARH 

DINAJPUR 

NAOGAON 

RAJSHAHI 

KURIGRAM 

RANGPUR 

NATORE 

BOGRA 

JHENAIDAH 

MAGURA 

JESSORE 

KHULNA 

SATKHIRA 

JAMALPUR 

SHERPUR 

TANGAIL 

GAZIPUR 

PABNA 

KUSHTIA 

NARSINGDI 

BRAHAMANBARIA 

MEHERPUR 

RAJBARI 

MANIKGANJ 

DHAKA 

NARAYANGANJ 

CHUADANGA 

89 

Prepared By: GIS Division, BCAS 89 

NILPHAMARI LALMONIRHAT 

JOYPURHAT 

GAIBANDHA 

SIRAJGANJ 

FARIDPUR 

SHARIATPUR 

MADARIPUR CHANDPUR 

NARAIL 

GOPALGANJ 

BAGERHAT 

JHALOKATI 

BARGUNA 

MYMENSINGH 

MUNSHIGANJ 

BARISAL 

PIROJPUR 

Z_¨ wPÎ-6 iwe I Lwid-c~e© †gŠmy‡g Liv cÖeY GjvKv 


mviwY-‡Z MZ 50 eQ‡i cÖavb eb¨v¸‡jvi e¨vcK 

wfwËK cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

MZ wZb `k‡Ki `y‡h©v‡Mi †iK‡W© †`Lv †M‡Q †h, 

eb¨vi cybive„wËi nvi eZ©gvb mg‡q e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 

6bs †Uwe‡j †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, MZ `yB `k‡K 

eb¨vi cybive„wË e„w× †c‡q‡Q| †hgb, cÖwZ `k eQ‡i 

NUv eb¨vq †`‡ki f~wgi 37 kZvsk c vweZ nq| 

wKš‘ †`Lv †M‡Q †h, MZ 30 eQ‡i 5 evi Ges MZ 

10 eQ‡i 3 evi f~wgi 37 kZvsk c vweZ n‡q‡Q| 

Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖwZ 50 eQ‡i GKevi NUv e¨vcKZi 

eb¨vq 60 kZvsk GjvKv c vweZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ 

MZ 30 eQ‡i G ai‡bi eb¨v `yÕevi N‡U‡Q| 

N~wY©S‡oi d‡j m„ó R‡jv”Q¡vm Av‡iKwU cÖvK…wZK 

`y‡h©vM hv cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e bvbv ¶wZi KviY 

n‡q ùvovq| e‡½vcmvMi MÖx®§gÛjxq N~wY©S‡oi 


AvMó 2009 

90 

Drought Prone Area, Rabi & Pre-kharif Season: CCS1 

International Boundary 

District Boundary 

Coastal Boundary 

Very Severe Drought 

Severe Drought 

Moderate Drought 

Less Moderate Drought 

LEGEND 

90 

NETRAKONA 

BHOLA 

PATUAKHALI 

Slight Drought 

91 

KISHOREGANJ HABIGANJ 

COMILLA 

LAKSHMIPUR 

NOAKHALI 

91 

SUNAMGANJ 

FENI 

92 

50 0 50 100 

Very Slight to Nill 

Severe & Moderate 

W 

Moderate & Less Moderate 

Urban 

Sundarban 

River 

N 

S 

Kilometers 

Bay of Banga 

E 

SYLHET 

MAULVIBAZAR 

KHAGRACHHARI 

CHITTAGONG 

COX'S BAZAR 

92 

RANGAMATI 

BANDARBAN 

26 

25 

24 

23 

22 

21 

Z_¨ wPÎ-7 Lwid †gŠmy‡g Liv cÖeY GjvKv 


cUf‚wg 

m~wZKvMvi| Gme N~wY©So el©v c~e© †gŠmyg (GwcÖj 

I †g gvm) Ges el©v cieZx© †gŠmy‡g (A‡±vei I 

b‡f¤î gvm) evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq AvNvZ 

nv‡b| e‡½vcmvM‡ii †KŠwYK AvKvi evsjv‡`‡ki 

DcK‚‡j N~wY©So¸‡jvi AvNvZ nvbvi Ab¨Zg KviY| 

MZ 50 eQ‡i †`Lv †M‡Q, 15wU gvivZ¥K N~wY©So 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq 140 †_‡K 225 

wKwg/NÈv MwZ‡e‡M AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 

7wU N‡U‡Q el©vc~e© †gŠmy‡g I evwK¸‡jv N‡U‡Q el©v 

cieZx© †gŠmy‡g| 

1919, 1970, 1991 I 2007 mv‡j AvNvZ nvbv 

N~wY©So¸‡jv wech©qKi e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| 1970 

mv‡j Ges 1991 mv‡j NUv MÖx®§gÛjxq N~wY©S‡o cÖvq 

5 jvL I 1 jvL 40 nvRvi gvbyl cÖvY nvwi‡q‡Q| 4bs 

Qwe‡Z evsjv‡`‡k AvNvZ nvbv mvB‡K¬v‡bi MwZc_ 

†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 

17

cUf‚wg 

mviwY 7 Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges †fŠZ bvRyKZvi †cÖ¶vc‡U m¤¢ve¨ êwP‡Îï m¤úK© 

evowZ Mo ZvcgvÎv 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ 

evowZ Mo e„wócvZ 

Mo e„wócvZ n«vm 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

e„w× 

A¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv 

(AZ¨waK Mig ev 

VvÛv) 

‡Kvb GKwU gvÎ MÖx®§gÛjxq N~wY©So‡K cÖZ¨¶fv‡e 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ hy³ e‡j cÖgvY Kiv KwVb| 

Zvm‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚‡j 2007 mv‡j AvNvZ 

nvbv wmWi N~wY©S‡oi cÖK…wZ I ZxeªZv AvBwcwmwmÕi 

Abygvb I c~e©vfv‡mi m‡½ m½wZc~Y©| AvBwcwmwm 

eëüZ wewfbœ g‡Wj †`wL‡q‡Q †h, fwel¨‡Z 

MÖx®§gÛjxq N~wY©So¸‡jv (UvBdzb I nvwi‡Kb) Av‡iv 

Zxeª nIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q I S‡ov nvIqvi m‡e©v”P 

MwZ‡eM Av‡iv evo‡Z cv‡i| GQvov MÖx®§gÛjxq 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×i m‡½ cÖej e„wócvZ n‡Z 

cv‡i| wmWi N~wY©S‡o nvIqvi m‡e©v”P MwZ‡eM wQj 

cÖwZ NÈvq 226 wK‡jvwgUvi hv AvBwcwmwm D‡jwLZ 

ch©‡e¶‡Yi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| Zviv Av‡iv 

e‡j‡Q †h, MÖx®§gÛjxq Zxeª N~wY©S‡oi cÖeYZvi 

m‡½ MÖx®§gÛjxq mgy`ª c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×i m¤úK© 

i‡q‡Q| MZ `k‡K mvivwe‡k¦ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi 

msL¨v wØ¸Y n‡q‡Q Ges G welqwU AvBwcwmwmÕi 

Z‡_ï m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| 

evsjv‡`‡k 5 eQ‡i GKevi Zxeª Liv †`Lv †`q| ¯’vbxq 

ch©v‡q Av‡iv Nb Nb Liv nq Ges k‡mï RxebP‡µ 

¶wZ mvab K‡i| el©v †gŠmy‡g c~e©eZx© †gqv‡` †`‡ki 

A¯^vfvweK e„wócvZ 

(cÖPzi e„wócvZ Ges 

mgqg‡Zv e„wócvZ 

bv nIqv I Amg‡q 

+ ++ ++ + + + wbg¾b 

+ ++ + Kg cÖevn 

e„wócvZ) 

cwðgvsk Livi Rb¨ ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nq| 

MZ 50 eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡k 20wU Liv n‡q‡Q| 

evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j Liv cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y 

1990 `k‡K 35 jvL Ub Kg avb Drcvw`Z n‡qwQj| 

Ab¨vb¨ km¨ (mKj iwe km¨) AvL, ZvgvK, Mg Ges 

Ab¨vb¨ evwl©K K…wl m¤ú` †hgb, euvk, mycvwi, d‡ji 

g‡a¨ wjPz, Avg, KuvVvj, Kjv BZ¨vwì ¶wZ we‡ePbv 

Kiv n‡j GB ¶wZi cwigvY Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk 

n‡e| eZ©gv‡b gvivZ¥K Livq †`‡k ¶wZi nvi 30 

kZvsk Ges G‡Z RvZxq Drcv`b 10 kZvsk n«vm 

†c‡Z cv‡i| 7bs †Uwe‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi Livi Aaxb 

GjvKv¸‡jvi Z_¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 5 I 6 bs wP‡Î 

iwe, Lwic-c~e© I Lwid †gŠmy‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi Livi 

wkKvi ¯’vbwfwËK wefvRb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

BwZnvm cÖgvY K‡i †h hLb GKwU Zxeª `y‡h©vM 

AvNvZ nv‡b ZLb cy‡iv A_©bxwZ ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| 

K…wl m¤¢eZ AK…wl LvZ¸‡jvi Zzjbvq †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í 

nq| GgbwK Bmjvg (1997) †`wL‡q‡Qb †h GB 

ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z LvZIqvwi Ab¨vb¨ cÖfve Kvh©Ki 

_vK‡jI eb¨v c‡iv¶fv‡e A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i| 


AvMó 2009 

A¯^vfvweK †Rvqvi 

NywY©So I R‡jv”Qvm 

‡fŠZ SuywK 

†cÖw¶Z 

++ ++ ++ jeb cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek 

++ ++ AvKw¯§K eb¨v 

++ +++ ++ + Liv 

+ ++ ++ b`xi cwieZ©b 

ms‡KZ: +++ = me‡P‡q †ekx; ++ = gvSvwi; Ges + = me‡P‡q Kg

2.3 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖwZK‚j cÖfve Ges ˆRe 

cÖK…wZ I cÖavb LvZmg~‡ni 

m¤¢ve¨ ZviZg¨ 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wewfbœ cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq †i‡L 

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi bvbv cÖfve, 

SzuwK 

I Awf‡hvRb g~j¨vq‡bi e¨vcv‡i MZ GK `k‡K 

A‡bK¸‡jv mgx¶v Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk mgx¶vq 

cvwb, K…wl, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨, I AeKvVv‡gvi 

Ici ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q ( wewmGGm I mn‡hvMxiv, 

1995, nK I A‡bïv, 1999, wek¦ e¨vsK,2000, 

GwWwe 1994, GgIBGd, 2000, AvBBDwmGb, 

2004)| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j Av‡iv †ek wKQy mgx¶v 

Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q, wefvMxq I †fŠ‡MvwjK Dc-AvÂwjK 

ch©v‡q Ges wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Ici| Gme mgx¶vq 

DcK‚jxq GjvKv I K…wl Lv‡Zi Ici we‡kl †Rvi 

†`qv n‡q‡Q (AvBWwe DGg I wmBwRAvBGm,2007, 

wewmGm, 2007, wmBwRAvBGm 2006, wmGbAviGm, 

2007)| D‡j L¨, wØZxq b¨vkbvj KwgDwb‡Kkb 

cÖYq‡bi cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| 

AwaKvsk mgx¶vq wewfbœ LvZ I †fŠ‡MvwjK GjvKvi 

wfwË‡Z Rjevqyi cwieZ©b I mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i 

cÖfve, SzuwK 

I Awf‡hvRb m¤ú‡K© g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

LvZ¸‡jv n‡”Q cvwb, K…wl, AeKvVv‡gv, eb I ¯^v¯’¨ 

Ges †fŠ‡MvwjK GjvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q DcK‚jxq 

GjvKv, e‡i›`ª AÂj,b`x we‡aŠZ mgZj f~wg I 

cvnvwo AÂj| j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

d‡j †`‡k m„ó bvRyK cwiw¯’wZ n‡”Q ˆRe‡fŠZ, 

mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I cÖhyw³MZ w`K¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 

GKwU RwUj Avš—tm¤ú‡K©i dj| Av‡iv †`Lv †M‡Q 

†h, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×, AwaK ZvcgvÎv, el©v 

†gŠmy‡g AwaK e„wócvZ I Xj, ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g m¤¢ve¨ 

Kg e„wócvZ Ges N~wY©S‡oi ZxeªZv e„w×mn Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv cÖZ¨vwkZ cÖwZK‚j cÖfve 

Kvh©Z we`¨gvb Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK Pvc‡K Av‡iv ¸iæZi 

K‡i Zzj‡e| G¸‡jv B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK 

Dbœqb cÖwµqvq ¸iæZi evav m„wó K‡i‡Q| ZvB Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b bxwZ we‡kl K‡i Awf‡hvRb †`‡ki Dbœqb 


AvMó 2009 

bxwZmg~‡ni GKwU ALÛ Ask n‡q I‡V‡Q| 

cUf‚wg 

evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

m¤¢ve¨ ZviZg¨ I Pigfvevcbœ cwiw¯’wZmn cÖwZK‚j 

cÖfve¸‡jv Zvrch©c~Y©| m¤¢ve¨ Ggb cÖwZK‚j 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve¸‡jv cvwb Lv‡Z cwijw¶Z n‡Z 

cv‡i me‡P‡q †ekx| Av‡iv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q 

†h, eb¨v, N~wY©So, jeYv³Zv AbycÖ‡ek I Livi 

me‡P‡q ¶wZKi cÖfve¸‡jv cÖvq cÖwZeQi k‡mï 

Drcv`bkxjZv ¶zYœ K‡i| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j 

m„ó P¨v‡jÄmg~n n‡”Q (K) ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g Kg e„wócvZ 

I AwaKZi ev®úvq‡bi Kvi‡Y wgVv cvwbi Afve, 

(L) mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i m‡½ cvwb e„w×i Kvi‡Y 

wb®‹vk‡b Rjve×Zv, (M) b`x Zxi fvOb (N) Nb 

Nb eb¨v Ges `xN©¯’vqx I e¨vcK Liv Ges (O) 

DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j f~c„‡ô, f~M‡f© I gvwU‡Z e¨vcK 

jeYv³Zv (wek¦ e¨vsK, 2000)| 8 bs †Uwe‡j 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mswkøóZvi cÖvej¨ I †fŠZ SzuwKi 

†cÖ¶vc‡U m¤¢ve¨ wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi A‡c¶vK…Z Kg gvÎv I m½Z 

Kvi‡Y Kg wewb‡qvM mvg_©¨ _vKv, Ach©vß AeKvVv‡gv, 

Kg gvÎvq mvgvwRK Dbœqb, cÖvwZôvwbK mvg‡_©ï 

Afve Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Ici AwaK wbf©ikxjZv 

†`k‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Pig SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb K‡i‡Q 

(ZviZg¨ I Pigfvevcbœ Ae¯’vmn)| Av‡iv †`Lv 

†M‡Q †h, DcK‚jxq GjvKvq emevmKvix †jvKRb 

Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvi †jvKR‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb (Avjg I j‡ij, 2005)| K…wl Lv‡Z djb 

n«v‡mi Avk¼v Kiv n‡”Q| ZvB Lv`¨k‡m¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv 

AR©b fwel¨‡Z SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb n‡e| wewmGGm/AviG/ 

Av‡cÖv‡UK, 1994 Ges Avjg, 2004)| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I ZviZ‡gï m‡e©v”P ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 

cÖfve¸‡jv co‡e cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì wfwË Ges 

AeKvVv‡gv I wkí KviLvbvmn Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi 

†mevi Ici wbf©ikxj RbM‡Yi RxweKvi Ici| 

D`vniY¯îƒc, K…wl †¶‡Î cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Lv`¨ I 

Mevw`cïi Lvevi Drcv`b n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i| Gm‡ei 

A_© n‡e Drcv`b I Kg©ms¯’vb n«vm Ges RbM‡Yi 

Avq n«vm †c‡j Zv‡ì †fv‡Mi gvÎv K‡g †M‡j Acywó 

I Avq `vwi`ª¨ e„w× cv‡e| 

19

Aa¨vq 3 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfve, Awf‡hvRb I SzuwK 

3.1 Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ I 

cwieZ©‡bi GKwU wPÎ 

Rjevqy I AvenvIqvi aib I AvPiY wgVv cvwbi 

cÖvc¨Zv, K…wl, A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× I mvdj¨ Ges 

RxweKvi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| m¤cÖwZ 

wKQy mgx¶v I AvÂwjK Askx`vi‡ì civgk©g~jK 

Kg©kvjvq Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, e„wócvZ I ZvcgvÎvi 

A¯^vfvweK AvPi‡b ZviZg¨ A‡bK †e‡o‡Q (bvcv 

AvÂwjK Kg©kvjv wi‡cvU© 2005)| K…wl Drcv`b 

I cvwbi cÖvc¨Zvi Ici e„wócvZ I ZvcgvÎvi 

A¯^vfvweK AvPi‡b ZviZ‡gï cÖwZK~j cÖfve 

B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK GjvKvq my¯úófv‡e 

cwijw¶Z n‡”Q| 

3.1.1 cwijw¶Z 

cwieZ©bmg~n 

cÖvß Dcv‡Ë †`Lv †M‡Q †h, el©v †gŠmy‡g (Ryb, RyjvB I 

AvM÷) ZvcgvÎv mvaviYfv‡e e„w× cv‡”Q| el©v †gŠmy‡g 

m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K e„w×I nvi h_vµ‡g 

0.05 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm I 0.03 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm| 

Ab¨w`‡K kxZKv‡j (wW‡m¤î, Rvbyqvwi I †deªæqvwi) 

m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K n«vm I e„w×i nvi 

0.001 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm I 0.016 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm 

(ingvb Avjg: 2003)| Av‡iv Rvbv †M‡Q †h, 1998 

mvj wQj MZ 30 eQ‡i me‡P‡q Dò eQi| 

mvK© AvenvIqv M‡elYv †K›`ª (GmGgAviwm) 

1961-90 mv‡ji †gqv‡` gvwmK I evwl©K m‡e©v”P 

Rangpur: Annual Average of Maximum Temperature 

y = 0.0356 x + 28.989 

R2 = 0.2226 

Z_¨ wPÎ 8 iscyi †K‡›`ª m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K Mo cÖeYZv 

m~Î: ingvb m¤úvw`Z, 2007 

Z_¨ wPÎ 9 iscyi †K‡›`ª me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K Mo cÖeYZv 


I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎv Ges gvwmK I evwl©K e„wócv‡Zi 

wfwË‡Z f~-c„‡ôi Rjevqy NwUZ DcvË wb‡q mgx¶v 

Pvwj‡q‡Q| mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, wKQy †gŠmy‡g 

m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq e„w×i cÖeYZv Ges 

Ab¨vb¨ †gŠmy‡g n«v‡mi cÖeYZv cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| 


AvMó 2009 

30.50 

30.00 

29.50 

29.00 

28.50 

28.00 

27.50 

27.00 

21.00 

20.50 

20.00 

19.50 

19.00 

18.50 

18.00 

17.50 

17.00 

16.50 

1978 

1980 

1982 

1984 

1986 

1988 

Average Linear (Average) 

1990 

1992 

1994 

1996 

1998 

2000 

2002 

Rangpur: Annual Average of Mimimum Temperatur e 

y = 0.0273 x + 19.606 

R 2 = 0.118 

1978 

1980 

1982 

1984 

1986 

average Linear (average) 

1988 

1990 

1992 

1994 

1996 

1998 

2000 

2002

Days without Rainfall 

300 

280 

260 

240 

220 

200 

180 

160 

140 

120 

100 

1972 

1975 

1973 

1976 

1977 

1978 

1979 

1980 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

Z_¨ wPÎ 10 iscyi †K‡›`ª evwl©K e„wócv‡Zi cÖeYZv I 

e„wócvZnxb wè‡mi msL¨v 


evwl©K Mo m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi mvwe©K 

cÖeYZvq 1961-90 †gqv`Kv‡j Zvrch©c~Y© e„w× 

cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| Mo cÖeYZvq AvÂwjK ZviZg¨ 


AvMó 2009 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

y = 0.4483 x + 247.86 

R 2 = 0.0282 

y = 12.565 x + 2067.6 

R 

= 0.041 

1995 

Days without Rain Annual Total 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

Linear (Annual Total) Linear (Days without Rain) 

mviwY 8 wZbwU DcK‚jxq †K‡›`ª †Rvqv‡ii cÖeYZv 

2001 

2002 

4000 

3500 

3000 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

Rainfall in m m 

†`Lv †M‡Q (GmGgAviwm, 2003)| 

1978 mvj †_‡K 2002 mvj ch©šÍ iscyi †÷kb 

†_‡K cÖvß Dcv‡Ë †`Lv †M‡Q †h, mvwe©K evwl©K 

m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎv mvaviYfv‡e cÖwZeQi 

0.035 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm I 0.027 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm 

nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e el©v †gŠmy‡g m‡e©v”P 

ZvgcvÎv cwieZ©‡bi nvi evwl©K cwieZ©‡bi nv‡ii 

Zzjbvq Kg| el©v †gŠmy‡g (Ryb, RyjvB I AvM÷) 

Mo m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 0.02 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm nv‡i 

cÖwZeQi e„w×i cÖeYZv †`Lv †M‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K, el©v 

†gŠmy‡g me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq cwieZ©b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ 

bq| Ab¨w`‡K kxZKv‡j (wW‡m¤î, Rvbyqvwi I 

†deªæqvwi) Mo m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎvi †¶‡Î 0.041 

wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm evwl©K nv‡i e„w×i cÖeYZv †`Lv 

†M‡Q| Avevi me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi †¶‡Î 0.026 wWwMÖ 

†mjwmqvm nv‡i cÖwZeQi e„w×i cÖeYZv j¶¨ Kiv 

‡Rvqvi †K›`ª AÂj A¶vsk (DËi) `ªvwNgvsk (c~e©) mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

(wgUvi) 

cÖeYZv (gvm/eQi) 

wniY c‡qÈ cwðgvÂj 21º48 89º28 3.784 4.0 

Pi †Q½v ga¨vÂj 22º08 91º06 4.996 6.0 

K•evRvi c~e©vÂj 21º26 91º59 4.836 7.8 

m~Î : GmGgAviwm, bs-3 

mviwY 9 evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ bvcv cÖYq‡b eëüZ fwel¨r Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZ 

g‡Wj eQi ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b (wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm) 

Mo (÷¨vÛvW© †Wwf‡qkb) 

e„wócvZ cwieZ©b (%) Mo 

(÷¨vÛvW© †Wwf‡qkb) 

evwl©K wW‡RGd ‡R‡RG evwl©K wW‡RGd ‡R‡RG 

wRwmGg 2030 1.0 1.1 0.8 5 - 2 6 

†cÖwmm 2030 (m‡e©v”P) 0.3 -0.02 1.3* 

2030 me©wbgœ 1.18 0.65 1.78* 

wRwmGg 2050 1.4 1.6 1.1 6 - 5 8 

‡cÖwmm 2050 (m‡e©v”P) 0.2 0.07 0.89* 

2050 (me©wbgœ) 1.24 0.59 1.65* 2.3 -4.7 3.0 

m~Î : GgIBGd, 2005, ey‡qU, 2008 

‡bvU : wW‡RGd= wW‡m¤î, Rvbyqvwi I †deªæqvwi; †R‡RG =Ryb,RyjvB I AvM÷ Ges *= Ryb, RyjvB, AvM÷ I †m‡Þ¤î 

4 

-8.7 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve, Awf‡hvRb I SzuwK 

3.8 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

e„w× (†mwg) 

14 

32 

21

e·-1 evsjv‡`‡k M‡o IVv Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ msµvšÍ Áv‡bi wfwË 

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ hy³iv‡óªi Rjevqy cwieZ©b mgx¶v `‡ji eëüZ †Rbv‡ij mvKy©‡jkb g‡Wj (wRwmGg) wfwËK wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q 

†h, 2030 I 2070 mv‡j ZvcgvÎv M‡o 1.3 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm I 2.6 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm e„w× cv‡e| G‡Z Av‡iv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, 

cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎvq †gŠmygwfwËK ZviZg¨ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb 2030 mv‡j kxZKv‡j 1.4 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm I el©v †gŠmy‡g 0.7 wWwMÖ 

†mjwmqvm| 2070 mv‡j ZviZg¨ n‡e kxZKv‡j 2.1 wWwMÖ I el©v †gŠmy‡g 1.7 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm| e„wócv‡Zi †¶‡Î aviYv Kiv n‡”Q 

†h, 2030 mv‡j kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ nIqvi nvi n‡e bMY¨| Ab¨w`‡K 2075 mv‡j kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ †gv‡UI n‡e bv e‡j aviYv Kiv 

n‡”Q| 

Ab¨w`‡K el©v †gŠmy‡g D‡jøwLZ `ywU eQ‡ii †gqv‡` e„wócvZ 12% I 27% ch©šÍ e„w× cv‡e (Avn‡g` I Abïv, 1999)| 

G‡Z Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Gi d‡j el©vKv‡j gvÎvwaK e„wócv‡Z eb¨v Ges kxZKv‡j †Kvb e„wócvZ bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y Liv n‡e| 2075 

mv‡j kxZKv‡j I el©v †gŠmy‡g ev®úvq‡bi †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b NU‡e| wRwmGg e‡j‡Q †h, 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwigv‡ci 

†¶‡Î gvSvwi cwieZ©b NU‡e, Ab¨w`‡K 2075 mvj bvMv` gvivZ¥K cwieZ©b NU‡e| 

djvd‡j ZvcgvÎv e„w×i cÖeYZviI D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2030 mv‡j kx‡Zi gvm¸‡jv‡Z ZvcgvÎv e„w×i m¤¢vebv †ewk| kxZKvj 

cieZx© gvm¸‡jv †hgb GwcÖj, †g I Ryb gv‡m me©vwaK cwieZ©b NU‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e 2075 mv‡j GwcÖj I †g gv‡m ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 4.0 

wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm evo‡Z cv‡i (Avn‡g` I Abïv, 1999)| 

IBwmwW m¤cÖwZ GgGwRAvBwmwm/GmwmBGbwRBGb bZzb ms¯‹iY eënvi K‡i Mo ZvcgvÎv I e„wócv‡Zi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b g~j¨vqb 

Ki‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ 17wU †Rbv‡ij mvKz©‡jkb g‡Wj eënvi K‡i‡Q| Zviv 17wUi g‡a¨ 11wU‡K evQvB K‡i‡Q †h¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki 

eZ©gvb Rjevqyi Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi m‡½ me‡P‡q †ewk gvbvbmB| †¯úkvj wi‡cvU© Ab Gwgkb wmbvwiI (GmAviBGm) we2 wmbvwiI wfwË 

K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ AvšÍtmiKvi c¨v‡b‡ji (AvBwcwmwm) mn‡hvwMZvq g‡Wj¸‡jv cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q (AvMiIqvjv I 

Abïv, 2003)| 

AvšÍtg‡Wj mvgvb¨ ZviZg¨mn mKj Rjevqy g‡W‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ ZvcgvÎvi †¶‡Î e„w× Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| MÖx®§Kv‡ji Zzjbvq kxZKv‡j AwaKZi DòZv _vK‡Z cv‡i| 

e„wócv‡Zi †¶‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ n«vm-e„w×i welqwU evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©b KZ`~i ¶wZKi n‡e Zv cwigv‡ci Rb¨ 

¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cvwb mswkøó `y‡h©v‡Mi †¶‡Î †`‡ki Pig wecbœZv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| AwaKvsk Rjevqy g‡W‡j a‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q MÖx®§Kv‡j 

mgy‡`ªi Ic‡ii evqyi Zzjbvq f~L‡Ûi Ic‡ii evqy †ewk Dò nIqvi Kvi‡Y MÖx®§ †gŠmy‡g e„wócvZ e„w× cv‡e| G‡Z f~-L‡Ûi Dcwifv‡M 

wbgœPvc Mfxi n‡e hv MÖx®§Kv‡jB N‡U _v‡K Ges el©vKv‡j Zv Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h, MÖx®§Kv‡j e„wócv‡Zi m¤¢ve¨ e„w× n‡e 

Zvrch©c~Y© Ges wewfbœ g‡W‡ji †¶‡Î Zv cÖvgvY¨ ZviZ‡gï †P‡qI †ewk n‡e| Zvi A_© GB bq †h, AwaK e„wócvZ mywbwðZ eis Zv 

†Kej Av¯’v e„w× K‡i †h GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i| Rjevqy g‡Wj¸‡jv‡Z wW‡m¤î †_‡K †deªæqvwi ch©šÍ kx‡Zi gvm¸‡jv‡Z e„wócvZ mvgvb¨ 

n«vm cvIqvi cÖeYZvi c~e©vfvm wKQyUv n«vm cvIqvi cvkvcvwk AwaK ZvgcvÎvq ev¯úvqb e„w×i d‡j ï®‹ VvÛv cwiw¯’wZ GgbwK Liv 

cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ n‡Z c‡i (AvMiIqvjv I Abïv, 2003)| 

‡cÖwmm g‡W‡ji djvd‡j †`Lv †M‡Q †h, ¯’vb I Kv‡ji cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq wfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq| wKQy wKQy 

gv‡mi ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K Mo ZviZg¨ †ewk nq| m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎvi evwl©K M‡o e„w×i cÖeYZv m‡Ë¡I †`Lv †M‡Q †h, `xN© mg‡q GB 

e„w× n«vm cv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎv ax‡i ax‡i e„w× cv‡”Q| `xN©‡gqv‡ì ch©‡e¶‡Yi d‡j †`Lv †M‡Q †h, el©v I el©v cieZx© 

†gŠmy‡g e„wócvZ e„w× cv‡e, Ab¨w`‡K ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY HwZnvwmK cwigv‡Yi KvQvKvwQ _vK‡e| el©vc~e© mg‡q e„wócv‡Z 

ZviZg¨ cwijw¶Z nq| G‡Z Abygvb Kiv nq †h, 1961-1990 wfwË †gqv‡ì ch©‡e¶‡Yi †cÖw¶‡Z 2030, 2050 I 2070 mv‡j 

e„wócvZ 4%, 2.3% I 6.7% e„w× cv‡e| (ey‡qU, 2008) 


AvMó 2009

†M‡Q| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq kxZKvj µgvš^‡q Dò n‡q 

IV‡Q (ingvb I Abïv, 2007)| 9 I 10 bs Z_¨ 

wP‡Î iscyi †÷k‡bi m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi 

evwl©K Mo cÖeYZv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

e„wócv‡Zi †iKW©K…Z Dcv‡Ë †`Lv †M‡Q †h, evwl©K 

e„wócv‡Z †Zgb †Kvb Zvrch©c~Y© cwieZ©b N‡Uwb| Zv 

m‡Ë¡I we‡k l‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q †h e„wócvZnxb wè‡mi 

msL¨v e„w×i cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q| iscyi I e¸ov †÷k‡b 

GgbwU †`Lv †M‡Q| 11bs Z_¨ wP‡Î iscyi †K‡›`ª 

evwl©K e„wócvZ I e„wócvZnxb wè‡mi msL¨v Zz‡j 

aiv n‡q‡Q| 

DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j jeYv³ cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek e„w×i 

my¯úó cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| †hgb DcK‚jxq bMix Lyjbvq 

cÖavb we`y¨r †K›`ªwU‡K wgVv cvwb cvIqvi Rb¨ DRv‡b 

evR© cvwV‡q Zv‡ì Pzj x VvÛv ivLvi wgVv cvwb msMÖn 

Ki‡Z nq| MZ GK `k‡K GRb¨ Dchy³ wgVvcvwb 

cvIqvi Rb¨ evR©wU‡K Av‡iv †ewk DRv‡b †h‡Z 

n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K, jeYv³ cvwbi AbycÖ‡e‡ki Av‡iv 

KviY i‡q‡Q (†hgb, KjKvZvq cvwbi cÖevn Nywi‡q 

w`‡Z fvi‡Zi dviv°vq cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi), DcK‚jxq 

GjvKvq jeYv³Zvi GB cÖeYZv LyeB my¯úó| 

DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cwieZ©‡bi KviY¸‡jv RwUj| 

mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i cÖfve¸‡jv‡K ZvB Ab¨Zg 

cwieZ©bkxj Kg©KvÛ wn‡m‡e m¤ú„³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKv LyeB MwZkxj Ges 

cwj R‡g µgvš^‡q GLbI f~wg evo‡Q| DcK‚jxq 

GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z MZ K‡qKkÕ eQ‡i M‡o cwj mwÂZ 

nIqvi nvi wQj evwl©K 5-6 wgwjwgUvi| mgy`ª c„‡ôi 

D”PZv cÖwZeQi 4-7 wgwjwgUvi n‡j aviYv Kiv 

†h‡Z cv‡i †h, DcK‚jxq GjvKvi cwieZ©b¸‡jvi 

cvkvcvwk DcK‚j eivei wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Abyiƒc nv‡i 

cwj¯Íi R‡g‡Q| wKš‘ mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i 

Zvrch©c~Y© cÖfve n‡”Q †h, G‡Z `xN© mg‡q M‡o IVv 

Drcv`bkxj f~wg nvwi‡q hv‡”Q Ges bZzb K‡i ¯Í‡i 

¯Í‡i R‡g M‡o IVv f~wg Drcv`bkxj nIqvi Rb¨ 

Av‡iv AwZwi³ mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb| 

mvK© AvenvIqv M‡elYv KvDwÝj (GmGgAviwm) 

cwiPvwjZ mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, e‡½vcmvM‡i 

N~wY©S‡oi gvm¸‡jv‡Z we‡kl K‡i b‡f¤î †_‡K †g gvm 


AvMó 2009 


ch©šÍ mg‡q e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ici Nb Nb N~wY©So m„wói 

cÖeYZv e„w× Zvrch©c~Y© (GmGgAviwm, 2003)| 

mvK© AvenvIqv M‡elYv KvDwÝj (GmGgAviwm) 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚‡j mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j mgy`ªc„‡ôi 

D”PZv e„w×i wel‡q GKwU mgx¶v Pvwj‡q‡Q| 

(GmGgAviwm, 2003)| GB mgx¶vq wZbwU 

DcK‚jxq †K‡›`ªi 22 eQ‡ii HwZnvwmK †Rvqv‡ii 

DcvË eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, 

MZ 22 eQ‡i mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i nvi MZ 100 

eQ‡i êwk¦K mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Mo nv‡ii 

Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk (wniY c‡q‡›U 4.0 wgwg/ eQi, 

Pi †Q½vq 6.0 wgwg/eQi Ges K•evRv‡i 7.0 wgwg/ 

eQi)| D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv 

e„w×i m‡½ AvÂwjK f~¯Í‡ii Ae¯’v mswkøó| wewfbœ 

†K‡›`ªi g‡a¨ wKQy ZviZgÏ †`Lv †M‡Q| 9bs 

†Uwe‡j wZbwU DcK‚jxq †K‡›`ª †Rvqv‡ii D”PZvi 

cÖeYZv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

3.1.2 fwel¨r Ae¯’v 

evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î ZvcgvÎv I e„wócv‡Zi fwel¨r 

cwieZ©b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ `yÕwU mvaviY `„wófw½ 

cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, h_v (K) cwijw¶Z DcvË wfwËK 

cÖ‡¶cY I (L) cÖPwjZ Rjevqy g‡W‡ji eënvi| 

D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, cwijw¶Z DcvË wfwËK 

cÖ‡¶c‡bi †¶‡Î wewfbœ wbM©gb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evqy 

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welqwU cwigv‡ci †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| ZvB wewfbœ 

Lv‡Zi SzuwK 

g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ g‡Wj wfwËK djvdj 

eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

Gi Av‡M evsjv‡`‡k SzuwK 

I Awf‡hvRb g~j¨vqb Ges 

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wfwË‡Z cÖfve g~j¨vqb Ges †cÖwmm †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_¨ 

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G e¨vcv‡i 1bs e‡· g‡Wj msµvšÍ we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY 

23


†`qv n‡q‡Q| GQvov 10bs †Uwe‡j evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZi msw¶ß wPÎ i‡q‡Q| 

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Kg©m~wP‡Z we`¨gvb g‡Wj wfwËK djvdj I Av‡iv 

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I 

Awf‡hvRb mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

3. 2 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖK…Z I m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZK‚j 

cÖfve 

3.2. 1 Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ 

I PigfvevcbœZvi eZ©gvb 

cÖfve 

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f~wgi aib mgx¶v GjvKv 2030 mv‡j cwieZ©b 

Gd-0 Gd 1 Gd 2 Gd3Gd4 

Gd 0 43,060 23,415 16,033 3,442 170 

Gd-0+Gd 1 1,184 592 592 

Gd 1 31,986 4,399 9,519 17,672 396 

Gd 1+Gd 2 260 130 130 

Gd 2 15,572 2,440 162 7,903 5,067 

Gd2+Gd3+Gd4 362 127 235 

Gd3+Gd4 14,076 2,080 9 155 11,836 

knivÂj 757 757 

b`xZxi/evjyPi BZ¨vw` 1,539 

Eb 5,546 

wgkª f~wg 178 

DcvËnxb 647 

‡gvU 115,167 33,683 26,445 29,429 17,700 

m~Î : Avjg m¤úvw`Z, 1999 


AvMó 2009

cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Drcv`b NvUwZ wQj cÖvq 7 jvL †gwUªK 

Ub| 1981 I 1982 mv‡j Livq el©v †gŠmy‡gi 

k‡mï (Avgb) Drcv`b ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq Ges NvUwZi 

cwigvY wQj 5 jvL I 3 jvL †gwUªK Ub| 

3.2.2 m¤¢ve¨ fwel¨r SzuwK 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y 

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖfve, SzuwK 

I Awf‡hvRb 

g~j¨vq‡bi j‡¶¨ MZ K‡qK `k‡K †ek wKQy mgx¶v 

Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ I cwieZ©‡bi 

†cÖ¶vc‡U wewfbœ Lv‡Zi SzuwK¸‡jv 

AvÂwjK 

mn‡hvMx‡ì civgk©g~jK wewfbœ Kg©kvjvq wPwýZ 


Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y fwel¨‡Z m¤¢ve¨ AwaKvsk 

SyuwKi 

m‡½ B‡Zvg‡a¨ mycwiwPZ cwiw¯’wZ †hgb 

eb¨v, Liv I N~wY©S‡oi g‡Zv Avi †Kvb bZzb Rjevqy 

mswkøó ¶wZKi cÖfve †hvM n‡e bv| Z‡e fwel¨‡Z 

GB ai‡bi Rjevqy mswkøó cwiw¯’wZi cybive„wË 

I gvÎv e„w× cv‡e| we‡kl K‡i eb¨v, N~wY©So I 

jeYv³Zv AbycÖ‡e‡ki cÖeYZv wewkó GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z 

fwel¨‡Z Gme cÖwZK‚j cÖfve Av‡iv evo‡Z cv‡i| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv eis f~wg 

eënv‡ii aib, cvwb eë¯’vcbv I DRv‡b b`xi 

cÖevn wbqš¿Ymn Ab¨vb¨ welq¸‡jv Av‡iv RwUj 

n‡Z cv‡i| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wKQy LvZ I 

†¶‡Îi Ici mywbw`©ó cÖfve I SzuwKmg~‡ni 

K‡qKwU 

wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 


AvMó 2009 

Z_¨ wPÎ 11 2075 mv‡j eb¨vi mgq f~wgi aib 

m~Î : Avjg m¤úvw`Z, 1999 

3.2.2.1 cvwb m¤ú` 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y 

cvwb msµvšÍ wewfbœ cÖfve we‡kl K‡i DcK‚jxq I 

mviwY 11 evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cwieZ©‡bi wbqvgK I cÖv_wgK †fŠZ cÖfv‡ei ga¨Kvi m¤úK© 

cÖv_wgK †fŠZ cÖfve cwieZ©‡bi wbqvgK jeYv³ cvwbi 

AbycÖ‡ek 

‡Wª‡b 

Rjve×Zv 

DcK‚jxq MVb N~wY©So I 

R‡jv”Q¡vm 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b (ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, ev®úvqb) + + - +++ 

DRv‡b b`xi cÖev‡n cwieZ©b m‡e©v”P - ++ +++ - 

Kg +++ - - - 

Mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× +++ +++ ++ ++ 

Zwj‡q hvIqv ++ ++ ++ ++ 

m~Î : ingvb, G Ges Avjg, Gg, 2004 

ms‡KZ: +++ = me‡P‡q †ekx; ++ = gvSvwi; Ges + = me‡P‡q Kg 


25


mviwY 12 MZ 30 eQ‡i wewfbœ eb¨vq c vweZ GjvKv I eb¨vi msL¨v 

c vweZ GjvKv cybive„wËi †gqv` (eQi) 

b`x AeevwnKvq eb¨v I wbw`©ó K‡qKwU GjvKvq 

kxZKv‡j (ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g) Liv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ 

me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bmy¨| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Nb 

Nb eb¨vi cÖfve¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ me‡P‡q eo 

mgm¨v n‡q †`Lv w`‡e| 

DcK‚jxq (mgy`ª I b`xi cvwb) Ges f~-c„‡ôi eb¨v 

2 5 10 20 25 50 100 

¶wZMÖ¯Í GjvKv % 20 30 37 43 52 60 70 

MZ 30 eQ‡i 5 3 2 2 

MZ 10 eQ‡i 3 2 1 1 

m~Î : mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM, 2009 

Z_¨ wPÎ 12 N~wY©S‡oi HwZnvwmK aviv 

m~Î : GgIBGd, 2009 

(b`x I e„wói cvwb) DfqB e„w× cv‡e e‡j Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m„ó eb¨vi cÖfve¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki 

Rb¨ weivU mgm¨v wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`‡e| GQvov cvwbi 

D”PZv I cÖev‡ni †gŠmyg wfwËK ZviZ‡gï Kvi‡Y 

cwj R‡g I f~c„‡ôi cwieZ©‡bi cÖwµqvi d‡j b`xi 

Zj‡`‡ki Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi welqwUI evsjv‡`‡ki 

Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 

cwj Rgv I b`xi Zj‡`‡ki DÌvb 

A‡c¶vK…Z Kg MwZi cvwbi cÖev‡ni d‡j mgy‡`ª 

cwZZ AeevwnKvi †mªv‡Z bvbv Dcv`vb _vKvq cwj 

Rgvi cÖwµqv e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki AZ¨šÍ 

cwieZ©bkxj b`-b`x¸‡jv K‡qK `k‡Ki `xN© †gqv‡` 

cvwbi D”PZvi †¶‡Î GB ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ 

Lvc LvB‡q †b‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K 

b`xi Zj‡`‡ki D”PZv cwieZ©‡bi d‡j b`xi cvwb 

cÖev‡ni D”PZvq cwieZ©b NU‡e hvi Kvi‡Y DRv‡bi 

w`‡K mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i cÖfve‡K evwo‡q 

†`‡e| hgybv †mZzi Rb¨ mgx¶vq GB cÖfvewUi cÖ_g 

g~j¨vq‡b Z_¨ nvjbvMv` Kivi c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j 

aiv n‡q‡Q (‡ib‡Wj I Abïv, 1990)| 

c~e©vfv‡m †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, hgybv b`xi wefvRb 

I `yÕwU kvLv a‡jk¦ix I cyi‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì †¶‡Î 

2015, 2025 I 2095 mv‡j a‡jk¦ix †gvnbvq 

b`xZ‡ji D”PZv 0.08, 0.12 I 0.41 wgUvi Ges 

cyi‡bv eªþcy‡Îi †gvnbvq 0.05, 0.08 I 0.27 

wgUvi e„w× cv‡e (wewmGGm/AviG) Av‡cÖv‡UK, 

1994)| Gi d‡j m¤¢eZ kvLv b`x¸‡jv‡Z cÖevn 


AvMó 2009

wKQyUv e„w× Ges hgybv I cÙv b`x‡Z cÖevn wKQyUv 

n«vm cv‡e| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwj Rgvi Kvi‡Y M½v I 

cÙv b`xi kvLv b`x¸‡jv‡Z (MovB I Avwoqvj Luv 

b`x) cÖev‡ni cwigv‡Y cwieZ©b NU‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki 

cÖavb b`-b`xi cÖev‡ni †¶‡Î Gme cwieZ©b 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy cwiYwZ NUv‡Z cv‡i| 

f~wgi ai‡bi cwieZ©b 

evsjv‡`k K¬vB‡gU †PÂ Kvw›Uª ÷vwW‡Z (1997) 

`yÕwU `~ieZx© eQ‡i 2030 I 2075 mvj bvMv` el©v 

†gŠmy‡g b`x‡Z cÖevn e„w× I mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

e„w×i mgš^‡qi Kvi‡Y eb¨v cwiw¯’wZ‡Z m„ó cwieZ©b 

we‡ePbv K‡i cvwb m¤ú‡ì SzuwK 

g~j¨vqb Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| 

we‡k lY †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q †h, 2075 mv‡j Gd-0 

f~wgi ci Gd-1 f~wgi †¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve 

co‡e †hLv‡b eb¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯Í we¯Í…Z GjvKv¸‡jvi 

i¶vq euva ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| 2030 

mv‡j Gd-0 f~wgi ci Gd-1 f~wg‡Z cÖfve co‡e 

†hLv‡b 2030 mv‡j DËi-ga¨vÂ‡j AwaKvsk 

cwieZ©b NU‡e| Dbœqb I Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ 

mw¤§j‡bi dj n‡”Q †h, mgx¶vi AvIZvaxb Ab¨vb¨ 

GjvKvi Zzjbvq M½v AeevwnKv I myigv we‡aŠZ 

mgZj f~wg me‡P‡q †ewk SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb n‡e| 

Ab¨w`‡K DËi-ga¨vÂ‡j cÖavb b`x¸‡jv‡Z euv‡ai 

Kvi‡Y eb¨vgy³ _vK‡e (Avjg I Abïv, 1999)| 

11bs mviwY-‡Z 2030 mv‡j f~wgi aib I eb¨vi 

mg‡q cwieZ©b Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 12 bs mviwY-†Z 

f~wgi ai‡Yi ¯’vwbK wfbœZv Ges 2075 mv‡j m¤¢ve¨ 

eb¨v cwiw¯’wZ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

3.2.2.2 DcK‚jxq GjvKv 

A‡bK¸‡jv mgx¶vq †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×, Zwj‡q hvIqv, 

DRv‡b b`xi cÖev‡n cwieZ©b, N~wY©So I DcK‚jxq 

euva¸‡jvi mw¤§wjZ cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y DcK‚jxq GjvKv 

SzuwKc~Y© 

_vK‡e (wewmGGm/AviG/Av‡cÖv‡UK, 


AvMó 2009 


1994, wek¦e¨vsK, 2000)| PviwU cÖavb †fŠZ cÖfve 

†hgb jeYv³ cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek, †Wª‡b Rjve×Zv, 

PigfvevcbœZv, DcK‚jxq GjvKvi MVb cwieZ©b 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚‡ji cÖavb SzuwK 

e‡j wPwýZ Kiv 

n‡q‡Q (wek¦ e¨vsK, 2000)| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq 

GjvKvq cwieZ©‡bi wbqvgK I cÖv_wgK †fŠZ 

cÖfve¸‡jvi g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© 11 bs mviwY-†Z Zz‡j 


‡gvnbvq I f~Mf©¯’ cvwb‡Z jeYv³ cvwbi AbycÖ‡e‡ki 

cÖfve b`x cÖev‡ni MwZ n«vm, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

e„w× I wbg¾‡bi d‡j e„w× cv‡e| RbmsL¨v e„w×i 

Pvc I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Kvi‡Y Pvwn`v e„w× 

Kvi‡Y fwel¨‡Z wgVv cvwbi mieiv‡ni A‡c¶vK…Z 

mnRjf¨Zv n«vm cv‡e| DcK‚jxq K…wl‡Z jeYv³ 

cvwbi AbycÖ‡e‡ki cÖwZK‚j cÖfve n‡e Zvrch©c~Y© 

Ges RbM‡Yi Rb¨ weï× cvwb I wkí KviLvbvq 

cvwb mieiv‡ni †¶‡Î cÖvc¨Zv n«vm cv‡e| 

mgy`ªc„‡ô cvwbi D”PZv e„w×, wbg¾b, b`xi 

†gvnbv¸‡jv‡Z cwj Rgv, b`xi Zj‡`‡ki D”PZv 

e„w× I eb¨vq myiw¶Z GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Kg cwj Rgvi 

mw¤§wjZ cÖfve cqtwb®‹vk‡b weNœ m„wó Ki‡e Ges 

µgvš^‡q Rjve×Zv mgm¨v e„w× cv‡e| we‡kl K‡i 

DcK‚jxq GjvKvq GB cÖfve †Rviv‡jv n‡e| e-Øx‡c 

mxwgZ cÖvK…wZK wb®‹vkb mvg_©¨ Av‡iv n«vm cvIqvq 

Ae¨vnZ AeKvVv‡gv (†hgb moK) Dbœq‡bi d‡j 

mgm¨vi Av‡iv AebwZ NU‡e| c vweZ _vKvi †gqv` 

e„w×i d‡j K…wl‡Z Drcv`bkxjZv wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i 

Ges cvwb evwnZ †ivM-e¨vwai AvksKv e„w×i d‡j 

gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨ ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡e| 

A‡c¶vK…Z DòZi Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 

DcK‚jxq f~cÖK…wZi MVbMZ cÖwµqvq m„ó wek„•Ljv 

GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgm¨v| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq 

f~-cÖK…wZMZ cÖwµqv we‡kl K‡i †Rvqvi, b`x cÖev‡n 

†gŠmygx ZviZg¨ I X‡ji Kvi‡Y LyeB MwZkxj| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Gme ZviZg¨ Av‡iv evo‡e 

e‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q| G‡¶‡Î `yÕwU cÖavb (mswkøó) 

cÖwµqv hy³ i‡q‡Q| 

1. b`x Zxi fv½b e„w× Ges DcK‚jxq b`xmg~n I 

†gvnbv¸‡jv‡Z b`x Z‡ji D”PZvq cwieZ©b| 

27


Z_¨ wPÎ 12 jeYv³Zvi cÖfve, wewfbœ gvÎvq mgy`ª c„‡ôi 

D”PZv e„w×‡Z 5 kZvsk jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek| 

m~Î : GgIBGd, 2009 

b`x cÖevn e„w×i cvkvcvwk f~-cÖK…wZMZ 

cwieZ©b e„w×i d‡j fwel¨‡Z b`x Zxi fv½b 

Av‡iv e„w×i AvksKv i‡q‡Q| 

2. b`x cwj cwienb Ges b`xmg~n, b`x we‡aŠZ 

mgZj f~wg I DcK‚jxq GjvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 

fvimv‡gï †¶‡Î wek„•Ljv| cwj mÂq‡b 

fvimv‡gï †¶‡Î wek„•Ljvi d‡j b`x¸‡jvi 

Zj‡`‡k DcK‚jxq GjvKvi D”PZv e„w× cv‡e 

e‡j cvwbi D”PZvI e„w× cv‡e| 

mviwY 13 ï®‹ I el©v †gŠmy‡g wgVv I Clr †jvbv cvwbi GjvKvq cwieZ©b 

Pig fvevcbœ cwiw¯’wZi ZxeªZv e„w× 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKv I e‡½vcmvMi fviZ 

gnvmvM‡ii DËivs‡ki Luv‡Ri kx‡l© Aew¯’Z hv 

†Pv½vi AvK…wZi| GB GjvKvwU‡Z cÖvqB gvivZ¥K 

N~wY©So AvNvZ nv‡b| d‡j `xN© R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi m„wó 

nq| e‡½vcmvM‡ii AMfxiZvi Rb¨ Zv Av‡iv 

gvivZ¥K iƒc aviY K‡i| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 

N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm Av‡iv Zxeª n‡q IV‡Z cv‡i| 

evsjv‡`k eZ©gv‡b A‡c¶vK…Z fvjfv‡e N~wY©So 

cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jI GB ai‡bi 

`y‡h©v‡Mi ZxeªZv e„w× cvIqvq †`‡ki mvgvwRK I 

A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖavb evav wn‡m‡e Avwef~©Z 

n‡q‡Q| h_vh_ Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c MÖnY bv Kiv 

†M‡j N~wY©So I eb¨vi evowZ SzuwKi 

Kvi‡Y DcK‚jxq 

GjvKvq †emiKvwi Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM wbiærmvwnZ n‡e 

e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q| 

evsjv‡`‡k f~-c„‡ôi cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡e‡ki 

NUbv †gŠmyg wfwËK| DcK‚jxq cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v, 

grm¨ AvniY I K…wli Rb¨ jeYv³Zv I Gi †gŠmyg 

wfwËK ZviZg¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| ZvB, jeYv³Zvi 

eZ©gvb ¯’vwbK I Kvj wfwËK ZviZ‡gï †¶‡Î †h 

†Kvb cwieZ©b DcK‚jxq GjvKvq ˆRe †fŠZ eë¯’vq 

cÖfve †dj‡e| 

2005 mv‡ji †gqv‡` jeYv³Zvi gvÎvi ZviZg¨ 

I wewfbœ b`x‡Z I f~-c„‡ôi cvwb‡Z Rwg AwfgyLx 

AbycÖ‡e‡ki †¶‡Î †`Lv †M‡Q †h el©v †gŠmy‡g 

(Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤î) †gNbvi †gvnbvq †jvbv cvwb 

cy‡ivcywi mvM‡i †f‡m †M‡Q| wKš‘ e-Øx‡ci wbgœvÂj 

cwiw¯’wZ Ï®‹ †gŠmyg el©v †gŠmyg 

wgVv cvwbi 

GjvKv (1 

kZvsk) 

cwieZ©b 

% 

wgVv cvwbi 

GjvKv (1 

kZvsk) 

†eBm (2005) 2,562,500 2,152,000 3,779,600 9,403 

cwieZ©b % 

G 2 27 †mwg (2050) 2,273,300 2441200 3,665,400 10,508 114200 

G2 62 †mwg (2080) 2,135,700 2,578,800 426800 3,502,800 12,111 276,700 

m~Î: AvBWweøDGg Ges wmBwRAvBGm, 2007 


AvMó 2009

cwðgvs‡k DRvb †_‡K Kg cvwb Avmvi Kvi‡Y 

jeYv³Zv we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| †`Lv †M‡Q †h, hgybvgvjÂ-ivqg½j 

b`x AeevwnKvq ¶xY cÖev‡ni g‡a¨ 

my›ìe‡bi cwðgvsk 70 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii †ewk `~i‡Z¡ 

DRv‡bi w`‡K 5 kZvsk jeYv³Zvi gvÎv i‡q‡Q| 

Ab¨w`‡K, cïi-wkemv b`xi AeevwnKvq AwaKZi 

wgVv cvwbi cÖev‡ni d‡j 5 kZvsk †bvbv cvwb‡K 

fvwUi w`‡K wb‡q hvq Ges †gvnbvi gy‡L †i‡L 

†`q| Abyiƒcfv‡e e‡jk¦i-wekLvjx b`x AeevwnKvq 

cÙv-‡gNbv AeevwnKvi el©vKvjxb AwaKZi wgVv 

cvwbi cÖevn el©v †gŠmy‡g `w¶Y ga¨ AÂjwU‡K cÖvq 

jeYv³Zv gy³ iv‡L| ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g (wW‡m¤î †_‡K 

gvP© ch©šÍ) DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cwðgvsk I †gNbvi 

†gvnbvq wewfbœ Luvwoi ga¨ w`‡q DRv‡bi w`‡K 

AbycÖ‡ek N‡U _v‡K| 

we‡k lY †_‡K Av‡iv Rvbv †M‡Q †h, 5 kZvsk 

jeYv³Zv we`¨gvb GjvKvi cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q| 

my›ìe‡bi wbgœvÂj †_‡K Puv`cy‡i †gNbvi 

AeevwnKvq 5 kZvsk we`¨gvbZvi nvi †_‡K 2100 

mv‡j mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 88 †m.wg. e„w× ‡c‡j 

jeYv³Zvi gvÎvi wfbœ nvi cvIqv hv‡e e‡j Avk¼v 

Kiv n‡”Q| AvMvgx cÖvq 100 eQ‡i jeYv³Zv DËi 

Awfgy‡L cÖvq 60 wK‡jvwgUvi DRv‡b P‡j Avm‡e| 

†ZuZzwjqv b`x‡ZI jeYv³Zvi gvÎv e„w× cv‡e| 

eZ©gv‡b †gvnbv‡ZI wgVv cvwb i‡q‡Q| mgy`ª c„‡ôi 

D”PZv e„w×i wewfbœ ch©v‡q jeYv³Zvi cwieZ©b¸‡jv 


mv¤cÖwZK GK mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q, mgy`ªc„‡ôi 

D”PZv e„w×i d‡j ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g we‡kl K‡i jeYv³Zv 

Av‡iv †ewk Rwg AwfgyLx n‡e| d‡j, Clr †jvbv 

cvwbi GjvKvq cwigvY e„w× cv‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q 

†h, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 27 †mw›UwgUvi e„w× †c‡j 

wfwË cwiw¯’wZi Zzjbvq Clr †jvbv cvwbi GjvKv 6 

kZvsk evo‡e| mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 60 †mw›UwgUvi 

e„w× †c‡j ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g AwaK jeYv³ cvwbi GjvKvi 

cwigvY Av‡iv 3 jvL 27 nvRvi 7kÕ †n±i e„w× 

cv‡e| el©v †gŠmy‡g cÖvq 6 kZvsk wgVv cvwbi GjvKv 

(2 jvL 76 nvRvi 7kÕ †n±i) nvwi‡q hv‡e| 2080 

mvj bvMv` Kg M¨vm wbtmiY we 1 cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 

jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡e‡ki wePv‡i mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 


AvMó 2009 


Z_¨ wPÎ 14 2030 mv‡j Liv AvµvšÍ GjvKv 

m~Î : wewmGGm, 1994 

15 †mw›UwgUvi e„w×i cÖfve n‡e bMY¨| 13bs 

†Uwe‡j ï®‹ I el©v †gŠmy‡g wgVv cvwb I Clr †jvbv 

cvwbi GjvKvi cwieZ©b Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 

cvwbi cÖevn ch©vß bv _vKvi cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y 

†ewoeuva¸‡jvi Avkcv‡ki cvwbi D”PZvq ¶wZKi 

cwieZ©b NU‡e| cvwbi MwZ cÖevn g‡W‡j †`Lv †M‡Q 

†h, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 30 †_‡K 88 †mw›UwgUvi e„w× 

†c‡j †ewoeuv‡ai cv‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡Z cvwbi D”PZv 

30 †_‡K 80 †mw›UwgUvi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| GB 

ai‡bi e„w×i d‡j †ek wKQy †ewoeuv‡ai Kvh©KvwiZv 

_vK‡e bv| 

29


3.2.2.3 km¨ K…wl I Lv`¨ 

wbivcËv 

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlRvZ km¨ †gŠmygx êwkó Ges 

ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, Av`©ªZv, wè‡mi ˆ`N©¨ BZ¨vw`mn 

Rjevqyi ZviZ‡gï Kvi‡Y cÖfvweZ| GQvovI, 

K…wl eë¯’v eb¨v, Liv, gvwU I cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zv, 

N~wY©S‡oi g‡Zv bvbv `y‡h©v‡M cÖvqB evavMÖ¯Í nq| 

A‡bK¸‡jv mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q †h Rjevqyi cwieZ©b 

NU‡Q Ges evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeQiB c~e©vfvm Abygvb 

Kiv KwVb n‡q co‡Q| cÖej m¤¢vebv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q 

†h kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ n«vm I AwaK ev®úvq‡bi 

Kvi‡Y †`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j g„wËKvq Av`ª©Zv 

e¨vcKfv‡e n«vm cv‡e| 

jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek I mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i 

Kvi‡Y DcK‚jxq GjvKvq K…wli †¶‡Î ¸YMZgvb I 

†fŠZ ¶wZmn De©i Rwg n«vm D‡Ø‡Mi welq| mgy`ª 

c„‡ôi cvwbi D”PZv e„w×, wbg¾b, †gvnbvq kvLv 

b`x¸‡jv‡Z cwj Rgv b`xi Zj‡`‡ki D”PZv e„w× 

Ges eb¨v-myiw¶Z GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Kg cwj covi 

mw¤§wjZ cÖfv‡ei d‡j DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j †Wªb¸‡jv 

eÜ n‡q hvIqv I Rjve×Zv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| 

ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ges e„wócv‡Zi aib cvëv‡bvi 

cvkvcvwk AwaK eb¨v, DcK‚‡j jeYv³Zv e„w×, 

DËi-cwðg I `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j Liv I †Wªb¸‡jv 

eÜ n‡q hvIqvi d‡j k‡mï djb I dmj Drcv`b 

n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i| wWwmkb mv‡cvU© wm‡÷g di G‡MÖv 

†UK‡bvjwR UªvÝdvi (wWGmGmGwU) g‡W‡ji gva¨‡g 

†`Lv †M‡Q †h k‡mï aib I †m¸‡jvi Drcv`‡bi 

†gŠmyg Abyhvqx djb n«v‡m ZviZg¨ NU‡e| 

AvBwcwmwmÕi we‡k l‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q †h 2050 mvj 

bvMv` evsjv‡`‡k avb Drcv`b 8 kZvsk Ges Mg 

Drcv`b 32 kZvsk n«vm †c‡Z cv‡I (AvBwcwmwm, 

2007)| 

wewfbœ mgx¶vq Av‡iv †`Lv †M‡Q †h, †mŠi wewKiY 

n«v‡mi cvkvcvwk ZvcgvÎv 1 †_‡K 2 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm 

e„w× †c‡j av‡bi gÄwi‡Z cwic°Zv jv‡fi Afve 

†`Lv †`q| mgx¶vKv‡j mKj GjvKvq I mKj 

†gŠmy‡gB AwaK ZvcgvÎvq D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi 

AvDk, Avgb I †ev‡iv av‡bi djb Kg‡Z †`Lv 

†M‡Q| we‡kl ZvcgvÎv 4 wWwMÖ e„w×i †¶‡Î G cÖfve 

cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i ZvcgvÎv, Av`ª©Zv I 

wewKi‡Yi g‡Zv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †¶‡Î KxU cZ½, 

evjvB I AYyRx‡ei Ici we‡kl cÖfve †`Lv †M‡Q| 

ZvcgvÎv 1 wWwMÖ cwieZ©‡bi d‡jI QÎv‡K AvµvšÍ 

nIqvi cÖeYZv wewkó wKQy Rv‡Zi M‡g ¶wZKviK 

cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv e„w× Ki‡e| 

evsjv‡`‡k km¨ Drcv`b el©vKv‡j AwaK cvwb 

Ges ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g cvwbi ¯^íZvi Rb¨ evavMÖ¯Í nq| 

eZ©gv‡b †m‡Pi Aaxb Rwgi cwigvY 44 jvL †n±i hv 

Avev`‡hvM¨ GjvKvq †m‡Pi m¤¢vebvgq 71 jvL 20 

nvRvi †n±‡ii 50 kZvs‡ki †ewk| Gme GjvKvq 

f~c„‡ôi I f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi Drm †_‡K †mP †`qv n‡”Q| 

†emiKvwiKiY I wbqš¿Y n«v‡mi bxwZ MÖn‡Yi ci 

ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g AMfxi bjK‚‡ci (GmwUWvwe D) gva¨‡g 

†m‡Pi AvIZvaxb GjvKv `ªæZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q| d‡j, 

evsjv‡`‡k f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi `ªæZ †b‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y 

ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g †`‡ki A‡bKvs‡k AMfxi bjK‚ç‡jv 

AKvh©Ki n‡q co‡Q| ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g f~c„‡ôi cvwbi 

Afve _vKvq †jv wjdU cv‡¤úi eënvi mxwgZ n‡q 

c‡o| K¬vB‡gU †PÄ Kvw›Uª ÷vwWi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ 

GKwU wmgy‡jkb M‡elYvq evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi SzuwK 

g~j¨vqb 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZ ˆZwi‡Z `yÕwU †Rbv‡ij 

mvKz©‡jkb g‡Wj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cix¶vq 

wZbwU D”P djbkxj av‡bi RvZ Ges GKwU D”P 

djbkxj M‡gi Rv‡Zi Ici cÖfve we‡ePbv Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| ZvcgvÎv, Av`ª©Zv, Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW mv‡ii 

†¶‡Î cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZ ¯úk©KvZiZvi welq¸‡jv g~j 

Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZi wfwË‡Z we‡k lY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

wRGdwWGj g‡W‡j 2100 mvj bvMv` g~j cwiw¯’wZi 

Zzjbvq mvwe©Kfv‡e avb Drcv`b cÖvq 17 kZvsk 

Ges Mg Drcv`b m‡e©v”P 61 kZvsk ch©šÍ n«vm 

†c‡Z cv‡i e‡j c~e©vfvm †`qv n‡q‡Q| av‡bi (AvDm 

Rv‡Zi) ci me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve co‡e M‡gi Ici| 

Gi d‡j av‡bi Drcv`b 2002 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 45 

jvL Ub n«vm cv‡e| evsjv‡`‡k Drcvw`Z av‡bi 

wZbwU Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ (e„wói myweavmn MÖx®§ I el©v 

†gŠmy‡g Drcvw`Z) AvDm av‡bi Drcv`b me‡P‡q 


AvMó 2009

†ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e e‡j Avk¼v Kiv n‡”Q| Av‡iKwU 

g‡Wj, KvbvwWqvb K¬vB‡gU †PÄ g‡Wj (wmwmwmGg) 

Abyhvqx Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b h‡_ó n«vm cvIqvi Bw½Z 

†`qv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, †`‡k we`¨gvb km¨ Drcv`‡bi 

aib¸‡jv‡K fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM Kivi wfwË‡Z 

GB cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ k‡mï 

ai‡b wKQy cwieZ©b my¯úó n‡q I‡V‡Q| 

j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q †h, ZvcgvÎv 4 wWwMÖ e„w× †c‡j 

Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b we‡kl K‡i M‡gi Drcv`‡b 

gvivZ¥K cÖfve c‡o| Ab¨w`‡K Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW 

mvi Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡b myweav evov‡e| ZvcgvÎv 

e„w×i d‡j av‡bi I M‡gi Drcv`b cÖvq 28 kZvsk 

I 68 kZvsk n«vm cv‡e| ZvQvov evqygÛ‡j Kve©b- 

WvB-A·vBW cyÄxfeb wØ¸Y n‡j Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e 

ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j avb Drcv`b mvwe©Kfv‡e 20 

kZvsk e„w× Ges Mg Drcv`b 31 kZvsk n«vm cv‡e| 

GQvov Av‡iv Rvbv †M‡Q †h, evqygÛ‡j Kve©b-WvB- 

A·vBW cyÄxfeb wØ¸Y nIqvi cvkvcvwk gvivZ¥K 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †ev‡iv av‡bi djb 

fvj n‡e (Kwig I Abïv, 1999)| 

†ev‡iv (†m‡Pi gva¨‡g mvaviYZ ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g 

Drcvw`Z nq Ges Ab¨vb¨ RvZ) I Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji 

Drcv`b e„w× Av`ª©Zvi mgm¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i| 

60 kZvsk Av`ª©Zv Ab¨vb¨ cÖfve Qvwo‡q †M‡j †ev‡iv 

dm‡ji †¶‡Î 20 kZvsk mvwe©K e„w×i cwie‡Z© 32 

kZvsk n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i| AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q †h, ï®‹ 

†gŠmy‡g Av`ª©Zvi Pvc Av‡iv Zxeª n‡Z cv‡i hvi d‡j 

evsjv‡`kx K…lKiv nq‡Zv †ev‡iv Pv‡li GjvKv n«vm 

Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡e| Lv`¨k‡mï Drcv`b n«vm `vwi`ª¨ 

cxwoZ †`kwUi Lv`¨ wbivcËv‡K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb 

Ki‡e| 

gvivZ¥K Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z (4 wWwMÖ 

ZvcgvÎv e„w×), avb Drcv`‡b m¤¢ve¨ NvUwZ eZ©gvb 

cÖeYZvi †P‡q 30 kZvsk Qvwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Mg I 

Avjyi †¶‡Î Zv 50 kZvsk I 70 kZvsk ch©šÍ n‡Z 

cv‡i (Kwig, 1996)| Z‡e A‡c¶vK…Z g„`y Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ‡Z jeYv³Zv AbycÖ‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y 

km¨nvwb 0.2 †gwUªK Ub n‡Z cv‡i (nvweeyj vn I 

Abïv, 1998)| GB ai‡bi cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y km¨nvwb 

eb¨vi cÖfv‡ei Zzjbvq A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk n‡Z cv‡i| 


AvMó 2009 


Z‡e, mivmwi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡ei Zzjbvq 

eb¨vi †¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z ¶wZi cwigvY A‡bK 

†ewk n‡Z cv‡i| K…wli †¶‡Î bvRyK cwiw¯’wZi Ici 

¯^ígvÎvi cÖfve Ab¨vb¨ cÖfv‡ei Zzjbvq Kg Zxeª 

n‡e| Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b n«vm cvIqvi cwiYv‡g Lv`¨ 

Avg`vwb e„w× cv‡e Ges AwZwi³ ê‡`wkK gy`ªvi 

cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| 

3.2.2.4 grm¨ I cïm¤ú` 

grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 

m¤ú‡K© mxwgZ ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, 

aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h, AwaK eb¨v I ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g cvwbi 

cÖvc¨Zvi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y grm¨ Pv‡l cÖwZK‚j cÖfve 

co‡e| el©v †gŠmy‡g eb¨vi d‡j Db¥y³ cvwb‡Z grm¨ 

Pv‡l Drcv`b e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| ZvB, wgVv cvwbi 

gv‡Qi †gvU Drcv`b nq‡Zv GKB cwigvY _vK‡e| 

Av‡iv Avkv Kiv n‡”Q †h, DcK‚jxq GjvKvq c veb 

I jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡e‡ki d‡j mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b 

DcK‚jxq grm¨ m¤ú‡ì cwigvY cwieZ©b n‡Z 

cv‡i| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h RvZxq ch©v‡q grm¨ 

m¤ú‡ì Ici cÖfve D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bv n‡jI e¨w³ 

ch©v‡q wewb‡qvM ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| 

ZviZg¨ I Pig fvevcbœZvmn Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

m‡½ mswkøó we`¨gvb mgm¨vi Abyiƒc mgm¨v grm¨ 

Lv‡ZI †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e| †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ 

_vK‡e cybive„wË, ZxeªZv I mgm¨vi gvÎvi †¶‡Î| 

eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZi Abyiƒc fwel¨‡Z eb¨vi BwZevPK 

I †bwZevPK Dfq ai‡bi cÖfve _vK‡e| eb¨vi 

d‡j grm¨ Pvl AeKvVv‡gv, cyKzi f‡i hvIqv, e¨vcK 

gvÎvq grm¨ cÖRbb †¶Î ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K, 

AwaK GjvKv c vweZ I `xN© mgq Zwj‡q _vKvi 

Kvi‡Y Db¥y³ Rjvk‡q grm¨ Pvl e„w× cv‡e| Livq 

gv‡Qi e„w×, cÖRbb I Drcv`b ¶wZMÖ¯Í, †ivMe¨vwa 

I SzuwK 

e„w×, grm¨ Avni‡Yi †gŠmyg n«vm Ges gv‡Qi 

¶z`ª ¯’vbxq RvZ¸‡jvi cÖRbb n«vm cv‡e| N~wY©S‡oi 

m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve¸‡jv we`¨gvb cÖfve¸‡jvi cÖvq 

AbyiƒcB _vK‡e| Z‡e, G¸‡jvi ZxeªZv evo‡e hvi 

d‡j e¨vcK gvÎvq `vwi`ª¨Zvi Ici cÖfve †dj‡e| 

jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek I e„wócv‡Z A¯^vfvweKZv gvQ 

31


Drcv`b ¶wZMÖ¯Í Ki‡e| 

GLv‡b Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h cï m¤ú` DcKzjxq GjvKvq 

Lv`¨ m¼U Ges †`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j ZvcRwbZ 

Pv‡ci m¤§yLxb n‡e| N~wb©So I R‡jv”Qv‡mi g‡Zv 

Zxeª I Nb Nb wech©q e„w× †c‡j cï m¤ú‡Ì 

Drcv`b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡iI n«vm cv‡e| G‡Z gvsm 

I `y‡ai Drcv`b ¶wZMÖ¯Í nIqvi cvkvcvwk ¯^v¯’¨ 

cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ NUv‡e| 

3.2.2.5 eb I Rxe ‰ewPÎ¨ 

evsjv‡`‡k ¯’jfv‡M kvjeb, wØkvLv Dw¢‡ì eb, 

Z…Yf~wg, cvnvwo GjvKvq euvkeb Ges wgVv cvwbi 

Rjvf~wgmn wekvj cÖvK…wZK ebvÂj mg„× cÖwZ‡ek 

eë¯’v weivR Ki‡Q| GLv‡b DcK‚jxh Mivb ebf~wgi 

cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vmn RjR ebf~wg i‡q‡Q| ebvÂj 

QvovI, †`‡k i‡q‡Q mg„× RjR Rxe ‰ewPÎ¨ (4 

kZvwaK cÖRvwZ), cvwL I Dw¢` RMZ| gvby‡li bvbv 

n¯Í‡¶c I Avevmf~wg †f‡½ hvIqvi Kvi‡Y (ebf~wg 

I Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vbmn) Rxe ‰ewPÎ¨ ûgwKi m¤§yLxb 

n‡”Q| Gme bvbv Pv‡ci g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfve¸‡jv evowZ Pvc m„wó Ki‡e| 

evsjv‡`k K¬vB‡gU †PÄ Kvw›Uª ÷vwW evsjv‡`‡ki 

eb m¤ú‡ì Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve ¸YMZ 

w`K †_‡K we‡k l‡Yi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Q| G‡Z †`Lv 

†M‡Q †h el©v †gŠmy‡g AwaK e„wócvZ gvwUi Af¨šÍ‡i 

cvwb cÖ‡e‡ki cwie‡Z© ebf~wg‡Z X‡ji cwigvY e„w× 

Ki‡e| d‡j, e‡bi g‡a¨ gvwUi ¶q †e‡o hv‡e| 

gvwU ¶‡qi GB mgm¨v Kg Nb cvnvwo ebvÂ‡j 

Av‡iv cÖKU n‡e| `xN©¯’vqx eb¨vi Kvi‡Y A‡bK 

Rv‡Zi e„‡¶i †e‡o IVv gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í 

n‡e| GQvovI, Av‡UvK¨vicvm Rv‡Zi Mv‡Qi g‡i 

hvIqvi nvi A‡bK †e‡o hv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K, kxZKv‡j 

AwaK ev®úvq‡bi Kvi‡Y Av`ª©Zvi Pvc e„w×i d‡j 

we‡kl K‡i e‡i›`ª I gaycyi cve©Z¨ GjvKvq kvj 

e‡bi cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| Av`ª©Zvi Pv‡ci 

Kvi‡Y DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j Pv Pvl ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡e| 

Av‡iv †`Lv †M‡Q †h, my›ìe‡bi Mivb ebf~wg 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í 

n‡e| kxZKv‡j AwaK ev®úvqb I Kg cÖev‡ni 

mw¤§j‡bi d‡j gvwU‡Z jeYv³Zv e„w× cv‡e| Gi 

d‡j wgVv cvwbi RvZ¸‡jvi e„w× gvivZ¥Kfv‡e 

¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| Kvh©Z Nb e‡bi cwie‡Z© e„¶nxb 

¸j¥ I R½‡j cwiYZ n‡e| GQvov, e‡bi mvwe©K 

Drcv`bkxjZv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y n«vm cv‡e| 

e‡bi Gme AebwZi Kvi‡Ymy›ìe‡bi cÖwZ‡ek 

eë¯’vq ebR Dw¢` I cÖvYxKz‡ji mg„× êwPÎ¨ µ‡g 

†jvc †c‡Z cv‡i (Avng` I Abïv, 1999)| 

3.2.2.6 gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ 

AvBwcwmwmÕi (2001) Z_¨ Abyhvqx, MÖx®§gÛ‡j 

êwk¦K DòZv e„w×i d‡j fvBivmRwbZ I cvwbevwnZ 

†ivM-e¨vwai cÖ‡Kvc evo‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cwiw¯’wZi m‡e©vËg we‡køl‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q †h, †W½y R¡‡i 

AvµvšÍ nIqvi nvi e„w× cv‡e| †W½y R¡‡i AvµvšÍ 

nIqvi cÖeYZv I ZviZ‡gï m‡½ m½wZc~Y©| G‡Z 

Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k fwel¨‡Z m¤¢ve¨ 

DòZv e„w×i d‡j †W½yi cÖ‡Kvc evo‡e| 

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GjvKvq cwiPvwjZ GK mgx¶vq †`Lv 

†M‡Q †h, cÖwZgv‡m g¨v‡jwiqvq AvµvšÍ nIqvi NUbv 

Ges cÖwZgv‡mi Mo m‡e©v”P I me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎv 

I gvwmK †gvU e„wócv‡Zi g‡a¨ m¤úK© we`¨gvb| 

Z_¨ wPÎ 15 m¤¢ve¨ Rjevqy ZviZg¨ I g¨v‡jwiqv Avµv‡šÍi 

nv‡ii m¤úK© 

m~Î : wewmGGm, 2007 


AvMó 2009 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 0 

Rainfall e„wócvZ 

Minimum m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv Temperature 

Humidity Av`ª©Zv 

IRAvBAvi 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20

mviwY 14 mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z eo eo eb¨v¸‡jvi cÖfve (1988, 1998 I 2004) 

gvwmK Mo me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎv I cÖwZgv‡m g¨v‡jwiqvq 

AvµvšÍ nIqvi NUbvi g‡a¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK †hvMm~Î 

cÖwZgv‡mi Mo m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv I AvµvšÍ nIqvi 

nv‡ii g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i Zzjbvq †ewk| G‡Z cÖgvY 

nq †h, m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎvi Zzjbvq me©wbgœ ZvcgvÎv 

e¨vwawUi msµg‡Y AwaKZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb 

K‡i (wewmGGm, 2007)| 

MÖx®§Kv‡j AwaKZi ZvcgvÎvq Mi‡gi Kvi‡Y 

fvBivm RwbZ I cvwbevwnZ †ivM-e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ 

nIqvi nvi evo‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, GLbI GB ai‡bi 

cÖfv‡ei gvÎv msL¨vi wfwË‡Z g~j¨vqb Kiv nqwb| 

ZvQvov, AwaKZi ZvcgvÎv I MÖx®§Kv‡j m¤¢ve¨ 

AwaK e„wócv‡Zi d‡j A‡bK msµvgK e¨vwai 

ZxeªZv ev we¯Ív‡ii AbyK‚j cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| 

GLbI ch©šÍ Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi Zzjbvq (†hgb cvwb 

m¤ú`) gvbe ¯^v‡¯’ï †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ SzuwK 

Kg| Gi 

cÖavb KviY n‡”Q m¤¢ve¨ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiw¯’wZi A‡bK¸‡jv 

wel‡q AwbðqZv †ewk| AwaK eb¨v I N~wY©S‡oi 

Kvi‡Y gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯’ï SzuwK 

evo‡Z cv‡i| msµvgK 

e¨vwa¸‡jvi †¶‡Î cwieZ©‡bi wbðqZv Kg| KviY, 

msµvgK e¨vwa¸‡jv Qwo‡q covi KviYmg~n RwUj 

Ges ZvcgvÎv e„w× ev e„wócv‡Zi aib cwieZ©‡bi 


AvMó 2009 


Dcv`vb GKK 1988 1998 2004 

ÿwZMÖ¯Í: 89970 wKwg (61%) 

m‡e©v”P ¯’vqxZ¡: 23 w`b 

ÿwZMÖ¯’ GjvKv moK I 

AeKvVv‡gv 

‡gvU ÿwZMÖ¯Í c~bms¯‹vi 

e¨q 

(wgwjqb 

UvKvq) 

ÿwZMÖ¯Í: 100250 wKwg (68%) 



AeKvVv‡gv 


e¨q 

(wgwjqb 

UvKvq) 

m‡½ mij m¤úK© cwijw¶Z nq bv| 

ÿwZMÖ¯Í: 53280 wKwg (37%) 



AeKvVv‡gv 


e¨q 

(wgwjqb 

UvKvq) 

cjøx moK wKwg 145868 3015 1782 174177 29154 6255 219760 19882 5580 

†mZz/KvjfvU© wg 403800 16240 1530 526610 21308 1752 763180 26025 3430 

‡MÖv_ †m›Uvi 

Ges evRvi 

msL¨v 16188 155 216 17106 231 286 

NvU/‡RwU msL¨v 42 27 204 

‡gvU 3312 8251 9296 

m~Î : ey‡qU, 2005 

AvBwmwWwWAvi,we Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© Ges 

¯^v‡¯’ï Ici we‡kl K‡i cvwbevwnZ †ivM †hgb 

K‡jiv msµg‡bi †¶‡Î Gi cÖfve wb‡q †ek wKQz 

mgx¶v Pvwj‡q‡Q| Gme mgx¶vq my¯úófv‡e Zz‡j 

aiv n‡q‡Q †h Rjevqy mswkøó cÖfveK¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡k 

K‡jiv gnvgvix Qov‡Z Ae`vb iv‡L| GQvov Av‡iv 

cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q †h evsjv‡`‡k K‡jivi †gŠmywg 

we¯Ívi NUv‡Z m~h©wKiY cÖavb wbqvgK wn‡m‡e KvR 

K‡i (Bmjvg Ges Abïv, 2009)| 

Puv`cy‡ii gZje nvmcvZvj †_‡K msM„nxZ Z‡_ï 

wfwË‡Z K‡jiv AvµvšÍ‡ì DcvË (1989-2006) 

wb‡q cwiPvwjZ mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q ki‡Zi ïiæ‡Z 

A‡±vei †_‡K b‡f¤î gv‡m K‡jivq AvµvšÍ nIqvi 

me‡P‡q †ekx cÖeYZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| GB `yB gv‡mi 

g‡a¨ mxwgZ _vKvi welqwU Bw½Z †`q †h K‡jivi 

†¶‡Î RbMY GKwU ¯^í †gqv‡` †ivM-cÖwZ‡iva 

myweav †fvM K‡i| 

gZj‡e K‡jiv AvµvšÍ nIqvi NUbvi cybive„wË 

Ges ¯’vbxq Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZi ZviZ‡gï welqwU 

33


we‡ePbvq wb‡q 18 eQ‡ii gvwmK Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 

K‡jiv cye©vfvm g‡Wj ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB g‡W‡j 

gvwmK K‡jiv Avµv‡š—i NUbvi 68 % ZviZg¨ 

e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, 

m~h©wKi‡Yi ¯’vqxZ¡ I Av`ª©Zvi mw¤§wjZ cÖfve GB 

g‡Wj †_‡K wPwnèZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB mgx¶vq K‡jiv 

cÖeY GjvKvq K‡jiv AvµvšÍ nIqvi NUbvi m‡½ 

ZvcgvÎv, m~h©wKi‡Yi ¯’vqxZ¡, Av`ª©Zv I †Rvqv‡ii 

D”PZvi m‡½ GKwU BwZevPK m¤ú„³Zv cvIqv 

†M‡Q| e„wócvZ I †Rvqv‡ii D”PZv `yB wZb gvm ci 

ci K‡jiv AvµvšÍ nIqvi NUbv e„w×‡Z BwZevPK 

Ae`vb iv‡L| K‡jivi aibB Gi we¯Ív‡ii ‡¶‡Î 

58 % m¤¢vebv e¨vL¨v K‡i| 

fwel¨‡Z bMi GjvKvq I MÖv‡g cvwb mieiv‡ni 

†¶‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve eû¸‡Y †e‡o 

hv‡e| cÖ_gZt MÖx®§Kv‡j ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j bMi 

GjvKvq LvIqv I †Mvm‡ji Rb¨ cvwbi Pvwn`v †e‡o 

hv‡e| wØZxqZt ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j wkí KviLvbvq 

kxZj Kivi Rb¨ cvwbi Pvwn`v evo‡Z cv‡i| GB 

cwiw¯’wZ bMi GjvKvq M„n¯’vjx I wkí KviLvbvi 

cvwb mieiv‡ni †¶‡Î we`¨gvb msNvZ Av‡iv evwo‡q 

Zzj‡Z cv‡i| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e Kg cÖevn I AwaK nv‡i 

ev®úvq‡bi d‡j b`-b`x, Kyc I cyKzi mn Ab¨vb¨ 

Rjvk‡q f~c„‡ôi cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv n«vm Ki‡e Ges d‡j 

ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g Lvevi cvwbi we`¨gvb mgm¨v‡K Av‡iv 

evwo‡q Zzj‡e| MÖvgvÂ‡j †jvKRb I Mevw` cïi 

†Mvm‡ji Kv‡R eëüZ cyKzi¸‡jv `ªæZ ïwK‡q ‡h‡Z 

cv‡i| Lvevi cvwbi Rb¨ eëüZ cyKzi evjy wdëvi 

mviwY 15 eb¨v Ô98: ¶wZMÖ¯Í wk¶v cÖwZôvb I evwoN‡ii msL¨v 

eb¨vi 

ZxeªZv 

Dc‡Rjvi 

msL¨v 

cÖv_wgK 

¯‹zj 

(wcGmGd) hy³ cyKzi¸‡jvI ïwK‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| 

GB ai‡Yi Rjvkq¸‡jv‡Z cvwbi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡j 

n¯Í-PvwjZ bjK~c I Ab¨vb¨ Lvevi cvwbi Dr‡m 

Pvc e„w× cv‡e| evsjv‡`‡k Lvevi cvwbi Dr‡mi 90 

kZvsk n‡”Q f~Mf©¯’ cvwb| f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi AwaKnv‡i 

D‡Ëvj‡bi f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi Av‡iv †b‡g hv‡e| GB 

¯Íi h_vh_fv‡e c~iY bvI n‡Z cv‡i| 

Liv cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv Zxeª n‡j, MÖvg GjvKvq cvwb 

mieivn Av‡iv wewNœZ n‡e Ges †m‡Pi cvwb mieivn 

Kivi we`¨gvb msNvZ Av‡iv Zxeª n‡e| K…wl Kv‡Ri 

Rb¨ †jvKRb Av‡iv †ekx f~Mf©¯’ cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi 

d‡j A‡bK GjvKvq f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯—i Av‡iv wb‡P 

†b‡g hv‡e| GB m¼Ugq cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i 

Ggb GjvKv¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg n‡”Q DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j 

e‡i›`ª AÂj| G Qvov, K…lKiv hw` AwaK nv‡i 

AMfxi bjKz‡ci Ici wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o, AMfxi 

cvwbi ¯Íi †_‡K f~Mf©¯’ cvwb Avni‡Yi nvi †e‡o 

hv‡e Ges Gi d‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Í‡i Av‡m©wbK 

`~lY e„w× cv‡e| 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j ¯’jfv‡M jeYv³ 

cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek N‡U e‡j f~ c„‡ô wgVv cvwb I f~Mf©¯’ 

cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zvi `~lY N‡U| eZ©gv‡b DcKzjxq 

GjvKvq f~-c„‡ôi I AMfxi f~Mf©¯’ cvwb‡Z 

jeYv³Zv we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| wKQz wKQz GjvKvq 

wgVv cvwbi ¯Íi Lye Mfx‡i _vKvi Kvi‡Y e¨qeûj 

Mfxi bjKzc eënvi Kiv nq| wKQz GjvKvq Mfxi 

¯Í‡iI cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zv we`¨gvb e‡j †jvKRb 

KwVb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb| ZvB, Zv‡ì‡K Lvevi cvwb 

msMÖn Ki‡Z eû wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i †h‡Z nq| Gme 

¶wZMÖ¯— cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v ¶wZi cwigvY (Ô000 UvKvq) 

nvB ¯‹zj/gv`ªvmv K‡jR †gvU cÖv°jb hš¿cvwZ/ 

AvmevecÎ 

†gvU ¶wZ 

(000 UvKvq) 

¯^vfvweK 65 3,035 1,883 21 4,939 36,712 415,932 452,644 

gvSvwi 125 3,730 2,225 24 5,974 57,866 631,014 688,880 

gvivZ¥K 124 7,177 4,452 49 11,678 136,207 1,453,708 1,589,915 

†gvU 314 13,942 8,560 94 22,591 230,785 2,500,654 2,731,439 

m~Î: ey‡qU , 2005 


AvMó 2009

wPÎ 16 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Ici cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv 

êwk¦K Drcv`‡bi 

AvÂwjK weZiY 

Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 

eëmv 

GjvKvq weKí cÖhyw³ Kv‡R jvwM‡q e„wói cvwb 

AvniY Kiv nq Ges G †¶‡Î mvdj¨ LyeB mxwgZ| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j jeYv³ cvwbi mxgvbv 

¯’jfv‡Mi w`‡K Av‡iv GwM‡q Avm‡e Ges wekvj 

GjvKv gvivZ¥K cvwb m¼‡Ui m¤§yLxb n‡e| 

DcKzjxq GjvKv cÖvqB gvivZ¥K N~wY©S‡oi m¤§yLxb 

Ges `xN© †Rvqv‡ii cÖfv‡ei gy‡LvgywL nq| Gme 

†Rvqv‡ii †Zvo AMfxi ¯’jfvM AwZµg Kivi 

mgq cÖej n‡q I‡V Ges evsjv‡`‡k cÖvqB DcKzjxq 

GjvKvq gvivZ¥K cÖfve †d‡j| m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki 

DcKzjxq GjvKv ÔwmWiÕ S‡oi Ke‡j c‡owQj| 

Zxeª N~wY©So AvNvZ Kivq Wvwe DGmGm AeKvVv‡gv, 

wUDeI‡qj I m¨vwb‡Ukb BDwbU¸‡jv AvswkK ev 

cy‡ivcywi bó n‡q ‡M‡Q| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I êwk¦K DòZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y 

MÖx®§gÛjxq S‡oi ZxeªZv evo‡e| mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

evo‡Q e‡j N~wY©S‡oi mgq cvwbi D”PZvI evo‡e| 


AvMó 2009 

Lv`¨ wbivcËv 

K…wl 

¯^v¯’¨ 

AeKvVv‡gv 

wkí 

`y‡h©vM 

cywó 

cÖeYZv I AvKw¯§K 

av°v 

Kg©ms¯’vb, Avq, †fv‡Mi 

cwieZ©‡b RxweKvi Ici cÖfve 

bvix-cyiæ‡li wfwË‡Z 

cÖfve 


`wi`ª I A`wi`ª 

Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj 

†hgb Awfevmb Aciva 

AvÂwjK gvÎv 

DcK‚jxq I ¯’jfvM 

GgbwK, N~wY© S‡oi mg‡q, DcKzjxq evua¸‡jv 

R‡jv”Qvm †VKv‡Z cvi‡e bv| wecyj cwigvY 

jeYv³ cvwb ¯’jfv‡M P‡j Avm‡e Ges wgVv cvwbi 

cyKz‡ii cvwb `~wlZ Ki‡e| G‡Z we`¨gvb Lvevi 

cvwbi Drm¸‡jvi e¨vcK ÿwZ n‡e| †hgb, cÛ 

†mÛ wdëvi (wcGmGd) hy³ cyKyi¸‡jv Ges cvZ 

Kzqv¸‡jv jeYv³ cvwb‡Z `~wlZ n‡q co‡e| G‡Z 

nv‡Z Pvjv‡bv bjKzc I Ab¨vb¨ cvwbi Drm¸‡jvI 

`~wlZ n‡e| m¨vwb‡Ukb eë¯’v †f‡½ co‡e KviY, 

G¸‡jv †f‡m hv‡e ev cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m„ó ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK¸‡jvi 

cwieZ©‡bi gvÎv we`¨gvb SzuwK¸‡jvi 

Zzjbvq †ewk 

Zvrch©c~Y© n‡e wKbv Zv ¯úó bq| AvMvgx K‡qK 

`k‡K AwaKZi ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK 

evo‡e wKbv †mwUI 

¯úó bq| Zvm‡Ë¡I, evsjv‡`‡k we‡kl K‡i †`‡ki 

Rb¯^v¯’¨ AeKvVv‡gvi bvRyK Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Rb¯^v‡¯’ï SzuwK 

evo‡e 

e‡jB Avk¼v Kiv n‡”Q| 

35


3.2.2.7 wkí KviLvbv I 

AeKvVv‡gv 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges wkí KviLvbv I AeKvVv‡gvi 

g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© RwUj I eûgyLx| ZvB, wkí- 

KviLvbv I AeKvVv‡gvi Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfve g~j¨vqb Kiv KwVb Ges cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© 

Abyave‡bi welqwU GLbI e¨vcKfv‡e Dcjwä Kiv 

hvqwb| 

wkí I AeKvVv‡gvi Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q Pigfvecbœ 

cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y m„ó ¶wZ 

g~j¨vqb Kiv| †Uwej bs 14-†Z evsjv‡`‡k wZbwU 

cÖavb eb¨vi d‡j ¶wZ I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi e¨q Zz‡j aiv 

n‡q‡Q| 1998 mv‡ji fqven eb¨vq cjøx GjvKvi 

29, 154 wK‡jvwgUvi iv¯Ív ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡qwQj| GB 

29, 154 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ 6500 wK‡jvwgUvi 

cvKv iv¯Ív webó n‡qwQj| 1998 mv‡ji eb¨vq cÖvq 

21, 308 wU †mZz/KvjfvU©, 255 †MÖv_ †m›Uvi/ 

gv‡K©U, Ges 42 wU NvU/†RwU ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡qwQj| GB 

29, 154 wK‡jvwgUvi iv¯Ívi cybwbg©vb e¨q 6,255 

wgwjqb UvKv| Ab¨w`‡K, 21,308 wgUvi †mZz / 

Kvjfv‡U©i Rb¨ e¨‡qi cwigvY wQj 1,752 wgwjqb 

UvKv| 2004 mv‡ji eb¨vq, 19,882 wK‡jwgUvi 

MÖvgxY iv¯—v, 26, 025 wgUvi KvjfvU©/†mZz, Ges 

231 wU †MÖv_ †m›Uvi I gv‡K©U webó n‡qwQj| GB 

¶wZ KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ cybe©vmb e¨q wQj cÖvq 9, 

296 wgwjqb UvKv| 

(15 bs †Uwe‡j) Av‡iv D‡j L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h 1998 

mv‡ji eb¨vq 22, 000 wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ feb, 

AvmevecÎ, bvbv hš¿cvwZ I eB cy¯ÍK mn e¨vcK 

¶wZ n‡q‡Q| 15 bs †Uwe‡j D‡jøwLZ Z_¨ Abyhvqx 

Gme †givgZ I cybtwbg©v‡bi Rb¨ 271 †KvwU UvKv 

e¨q n‡q‡Q| Gmgq cÖvq 762 wU ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖwZôvb 

¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q| †Rjv mì ch©v‡q wewfbœ nvmcvZvj 

Ges Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡c •¸‡jvI ¶wZMÖ¯Í 

n‡q‡Q| eo ai‡Yi ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q Ggb cj x 

¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ªi msL¨v n‡”Q 550 wU| GK mgx¶vq †`Lv 

†M‡Q †h Ô98 mv‡ji eb¨vq AvevwmK Lv‡Z cÖvq 26 

jvL Ni-evwo ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡qwQj| ¶wZMÖ¯Í Ni-evwoi 

g‡a¨ cÖvq 73 kZvsk gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZi wkKvi 

n‡qwQj| mgx¶vq Av‡iv †`Lv †M‡Q †h Ab¨Zg 

¶wZi wkKvi GB AvevwmK Lv‡Z ¶wZi cwigvY wQj 

cÖvq 2090 †KvwU UvKv| mgx¶vq ejv n‡q‡Q †h 

KvVv‡gvMZ ¶wZi cwigvY n‡”Q 75 kZvsk| 

wRAvBGm WvUv‡eR I we‡klÁ‡ì we‡k l‡Yi 

wfwË‡Z msL¨v I ¸YMZ g~j¨vqb Abyhvqx aviYv 

Kiv n‡”Q †h, 2030 mvj bvMv` Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖwZK‚j cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y wkí KviLvbvq †gvU 25 

jvL Kg©ms¯’vb ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e Ges 2100 mv‡j Zv 

e„w× †c‡q 7 †KvwU‡Z ùvov‡e| 

3.2.3 Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ I 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© 

RbM‡Yi aviYv 

Rjevqyi ZviZg¨ I cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve, wecbœZv I 

SzuwK¸‡jv 

m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K AewnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ 

†`‡ki cÖavb cÖkvmwbK wefv‡Mi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z 

AvÂwjK civgk©g~jK Kg©kvjv AbywôZ n‡q‡Q| 

K…lK, grm¨Rxex, eëmvqx, mgvRKgx©, mykxj 

mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa I bvixmn me©¯Í‡ii cÖwZwbwaiv 

Gme Kg©kvjvq †hvM w`‡q‡Qb| Askx`vi‡ì Gme 

civgk©g~jK Kg©kvjvq †hme welq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q 

†m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, ¯§iYKv‡ji g‡a¨ Rjevqyi 

A¯^vfvweK AvPiY †hgb A‡bK ¯’v‡b Kzqvkv 

hv MÖx®§Kv‡j KL‡bv N‡U‡Q e‡j Zviv ï‡bbwb| 

Rjevqyi A¯^vfvweK AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ Av‡iv Rvbv 

hvq Liv, mgy‡`ªi A‡bK `~‡i jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek, 

AvKw¯§K eb¨vmn eb¨v, N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm| 

†`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zviv GB ai‡bi cÖavb mgm¨vi 

m¤§yLxb| eb¨vi m‡½ mswkøó mgm¨vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q 

Rjve×Zv I †Wªb eÜ n‡q hvIqv, AvMvg I Amg‡q 

eb¨v, ¯’vbxqfv‡e c vweZ nIqv I AvKw¯§K eb¨v| 

DRvb †_‡K wgVv cvwbi cÖevn n«vm cvIqvi Kvi‡Y 

jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek, f~Mf©¯’ cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zv 

Ges g„wËKvq jeYv³Zvi ZviZg¨ cÖavb D‡Ø‡Mi 

welq| Ae¨vnZ I `xN©¯’vqx Liv, m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 

I wejw¤^Z e„wócvZ n‡Z K…wl Lv‡Z we`¨gvb wKQy 


AvMó 2009

cÖavb mgm¨v| DcK‚jxq GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z So, N~wY©So 

I †Rvqv‡ii R‡jv”Q¡vm e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e, ¯’vbxq 

†jvKRb Rjevqyi fwel¨r cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ Zv‡ì 

cwijw¶Z Gme cwieZ©‡bi m¤úK© LyuR‡Z 

hvq 

bv| Zviv B‡Zvg‡a¨ N‡U‡Q Ges N‡U P‡j‡Q Ggb 

cÖeYZv¸‡jv I ai‡bi cwieZ©b¸‡jv j¶¨ K‡i‡Q| 

mviv †`‡k AbywôZ mKj Kg©kvjvq GB aviYvwU 

my¯úófv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, ¯’vbxq †jvKRb Abyfe 

K‡i †h Rjevqy wbtm‡›`‡n e`‡j †M‡Q Ges weMZ 

eQi¸‡jv‡Z cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ n‡q‡Q| 

3.2.4 RxweKvi Ici cÖfve 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b cieZx©‡Z Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi Ici hvB 

NUzK bv †Kb, GwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GB Kvi‡Y †h G¸‡jv 

gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKvi Ici cÖfve †d‡j| 

bvcvÕi we‡k l‡Y ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wØZxq `dv 

cÖfve wn‡m‡e m¤¢ve¨ Gme cÖfve wPwýZ Kivi †Póv 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| 14bs wP‡Î RxweKv mswkøó Bmy¨¸‡jv‡Z 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Zvr¶wYK cÖfve¸‡jvi †gŠwjK 

m¤úK© Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b K…wl, 

wkí-KviLvbv, AeKvVv‡gv, `y‡h©vM, ¯^v¯’¨ I R¡vjvwb 

Ges cwiYwZ‡Z Kg©ms¯’vb, Avq I †fv‡Mi (Lv`¨ 

wbivcËvmn) †¶‡Î gvby‡li RxweKvi Ici cÖZ¨¶ 

cÖfve ivL‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ 

†Mvôx Zv‡ì cÖv_wgK A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v (`wi`ª ev 

A-`wi`ª), ¯’vb (DcK‚j, ev A-DcK‚jxq, MÖvgxY ev 

bMi wfwËK) I bvix-cyiæl cwiP‡qi wfwË‡Z wewfbœ 

gvÎvq Gme cÖfv‡ei AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡e| GQvov, 

mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK ch©v‡q †hgb eëmv-evwYR¨ †_‡K 

ïiæ K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Lv`¨ NvUwZi g‡Zv wel‡q Gme 

wKQy cÖfve I cieZx© Awf‡hvRb †`Lv w`‡e| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y RxweKvi Ici †hme 

cÖfve co‡e †m¸‡jv wbf©i Ki‡Q wKQy wel‡qi 

Ici| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q K…wl mswkøó †fŠZ cÖfv‡ei 

cÖK…wZ I ZxeªZv, cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv I gvb, `y‡h©vMcÖeYZv, 

ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Kvi‡Y †fŠZ cwi‡e‡ki 

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I cwieZ©bkxj cvwb eë¯’vq †ivMe¨vwai 

Ae¯’v Ges DcK‚jxq wbg¾b| mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 

e„w×, RxweKvi Ici cÖfvemn †fŠZ cwieZ©b¸‡jv 


AvMó 2009 


wewfbœfv‡e Abyf~Z n‡Z cv‡i| nq‡Zv P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q 

Kg©ms¯’vb ev Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM, Avq I †fv‡Mi 

†¶‡Î cÖfve `„k¨gvb n‡e bv| Z‡e, wewfbœ Av_©mvgvwRK 

‡kªbx‡Z wewfbœ gvÎvq cÖfve¸‡jv cÖKU 

n‡Z cv‡i| Gi A_© n‡”Q Rjevqy cwieZ©b Qvov 

I Kg gvÎvi Dbœqb cwiw¯’wZi wecix‡Z _vK‡e 

GKwU `wi`ªZi evsjv‡`k| RxweKvi Ici Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve¸‡jv ZvB cÖK…wZi cÖev‡n AwaKvsk 

cÖwZK‚j cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU 

P¨v‡jÄ| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b bv n‡j Av‡iv we‡klvwqZ cwiKíbvq 

2030 mv‡j Lv`¨ k‡mï ìKvi n‡e 4 †KvwU 25 

jvL †gwUªK Ub| m‡e©vËg nq hw` evsjv‡`k 2030 

mv‡j 3 †KvwU 78 jvL †gwUªK Ub Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b 

Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZLb evwl©K Avg`vwbi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e 

47 jvL †gwUªK Ub| †gvU Avg`vwbi g‡a¨ 8 jvL 

†gwUªK Ub ev cÖvq 16 kZvsk we‡`k †_‡K Avb‡Z 

n‡e †Kej Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y evowZ NvUwZ 

‡gUv‡Z| 

K…wl †¶‡Î cvwb NvUwZi Kvi‡YI wKQy SzuwK 

†`Lv 

w`‡e| Z‡e, Av‡iv wKQy †¶Î i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b cvwb 

mswk ó SzuwK 

e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQy 

_vK‡e ¯^v¯’¨ I `y‡h©vM mswkøó| Ab¨w`‡K, eZ©gv‡b 

cwijw¶Z e¨vcK Rjve×Zv cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv Zxeª 

n‡j `wi`ª gvby‡li RxweKvq weivU mgm¨v m„wó 

Ki‡e| G‡ì mK‡ji f~wg nq‡Zv ¯’vqxfv‡e Zwj‡q 

†h‡Z cv‡i| 

eb¨v I Livi cybive„wË DfqB e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| 

we‡kl K‡i eb¨v Av‡iv †ewk fqven iƒc aviY Kivi 

d‡j RxweKvi †¶‡Î ¸iæZi bvbv mgm¨v m„wó I 

mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©b NU‡e hv cÖe„w× n«vm K‡i 

RbMY‡K `vwi`ª¨ †iLvi wb‡P †V‡j w`‡e| N~wY©So I 

R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi cybive„wË I ZxeªZv e„w× †c‡j Rxeb I 

RxweKvi m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZ Av‡iv gvivZ¥K n‡e| 

ZvcgvÎv e„w×, AwaK GmGmwU I Gb‡mv Ges cvwbi 

gvb n«vm I NvUwZi g‡Zv Rjevqy mswkøó welq¸‡jvi 

Kvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e| G‡Z K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv, 

Avgvkq, g¨v‡jwiqv I UvBd‡q‡Wi g‡Zv e¨vwai 

cÖ‡Kvc e„w× Ges DcK‚jxq GjvKvq jeYv³Zv e„w×i 

37


Rb¨ D”P i³Pv‡ci Kvi‡Y AbvKvw•¶Z Mf©cvZ n‡Z 

cv‡i| Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZv e„w× †c‡j Gme mgm¨v 

Av‡iv cÖKU n‡q e¨vcK Acywó †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| 

`ytLRbKfv‡e GB welq¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e mbv³ ev 

RxweKvi Ici cÖfve hvPvB Ki‡Z Av_©-mvgvwRK 

cÖeYZvi Ici cÖ‡qvM Kiv nqwb| Z‡e, †h †KD 

aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi Zzjbvq DcK‚j 

I cjøx GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z `wi`ªiv A`wi`ª I Ab¨vb¨ 

†jv‡Ki †P‡q AwaK ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve¸‡jvi †¶‡Î 

RxweKv msµvšÍ we‡køl‡Y my¯úó n‡q‡Q †h cÖ‡Z¨K 

Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk wecbœZv n‡”Q Zv‡ì 

`wi`ªZg †jvKRb Ges `wi`ª ‡kªYx¸‡jvi g‡a¨ bvix, 

wkï, eq¯‹ I Amy¯’iv me‡P‡q †ewk SzuwKi 

m¤§yLxb| 

d‡j GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv mvwe©Kfv‡e †`‡ki me‡P‡q 

wecbœ ‡kªYx¸‡jvi Ici Ges †`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU wecbœ 

SzuwKc~Y© 

AÂ‡ji Ici co‡e| 

ZvB, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv 

†gvKv‡ejv ev Awf‡hvRb Kivi j‡¶¨ Gme me‡P‡q 

SzuwKc~Y© 

‡kªYx¸‡jv‡K i¶v I mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Ici 

we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| 

3.2.5 evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

w`K¸‡jvi mvims‡¶c 

ˆRe †fŠZ eë¯’vi Ici Rjevqyi ZviZ‡gï (Ges 

m¤¢eZ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡biI) cÖfve Ges wewfbœ 

Lv‡Zi Ici bvbv ai‡bi cieZx© cÖfve B‡Zvg‡a¨ 

†`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cwijw¶Z n‡”Q| †`Lv †M‡Q †h 

†`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂj, DËi-cwðgvÂj, ga¨vÂj 

I we¯ÍxY© mgZj f~wg Rjevqyi we`¨gvb ZviZg¨ I 

fwel¨‡Z Rjevqyi m¤¢ve¨ cwieZ©‡bi †¶‡Î me‡P‡q 

†ewk ¯úk©KvZi| 14 I 15bs †Uwe‡j Gme cÖfv‡ei 

kw³i cvkvcvwk †fŠZ cÖfv‡ei aiY, SzuwKc~Y© 

†¶Îmg~n Ges cÖfvweZ LvZ¸‡jvi msw¶ßfv‡e Zz‡j 


3.3 Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n 

Ges Dbœqb j¶¨mg~‡ni m‡½ 

m¤úK© 

evsjv‡`k 1973 mvj †_‡K cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv 

wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Zv‡ì ga¨-‡gqv`x Dbœqb cwiKíbv 

cÖYqb Ki‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ LvZIqvwi Dbœqb †KŠkjmg~n 

I AMÖvwaKv‡ii cvkvcvwk cÖ_g ev‡ii g‡Zv PZz_© 

cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv I cieZx©‡Z cÂg cÂ-evwl©K 

cwiKíbvq (1997-2002) A_©bxwZ †UKmB Dbœq‡bi 

j‡¶¨ cwi‡ek i¶v I msi¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Lye 

¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| cÂg cÂevwl©K 

cwiKíbvq wPwýZ I D‡j wLZ cÖavb cwi‡ek msµvšÍ 

Bmy¨¸‡jv n‡”Q cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, wkí`~lY, ¯^v¯’¨ I 

m¨vwb‡Ukb, ebvqb, giæKiY, Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZi 

cwieZ©b, jeYv³Zv Ges Dw¢` I cÖvYx RM‡Zi 

Avevm ¯’‡ji AebwZ| cÂg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi 

mgq †_‡K Avi wKQy wQj bv| Z‡e, miKvi GLb 

GKwU `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †KŠkjcÎ (wcAviGmwc) cÖYqb 

I Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| G‡Z cwi‡ek msµvšÍ GKwU 

c„_K Aa¨vq QvovI wewfbœfv‡e cwi‡ek msµvšÍ 

bvbv D‡ØM †gvUvgywUfv‡e cybe©¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 

m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv, cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ 

Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b mswkøó Pzw³¸‡jvmn eûcvw¶K 

cwi‡ek Pzw³¸‡jvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K welq¸‡jv cybe©¨³ 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| AwaKš‘, miKvi Avmbœ lô cÂevwl©K 

cwiKíbvi cÖv_wgK Lmovq Awf‡hvRbmn Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b Kvh©µ‡gi Ici †Rvi w`‡q‡Q| 

3.3.1 Riæwi I Zvr¶wYK 

Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n 

†`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jvi ch©vq 

ev gvÎvi wfwË‡Z Awf‡hvRb cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jvi Riæwi 

I Zvr¶wYK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

G‡¶‡Î `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †KŠkj I †UKmB Dbœq‡bi 

KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ mvwe©K Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 

LvZ¸‡jvi K_v we‡ePbvq ivLv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI cÖvK… 


AvMó 2009

wZK cÖwZ‡ek-eë¯’v (DcK‚jxq AÂj, wgVv cvwb 

BZ¨vw`), Drcv`b eë¯’v (K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú`, 

wkí-KviLvbv, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ BZ¨vw`) Ges gvbe eë¯’v 

(`vwi`ª¨, RxweKv, Lv`¨ wbivcËv BZ¨vw`) we‡ePbvq 

†bqv n‡q‡Q| 

G‡Z cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi (N~wY©So, eb¨v, Liv BZ¨vw`) 

Ges Dc‡iv³ eë¯’v¸‡jvi Ici cieZx© wewfbœ 

cÖfve¸‡jvI we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î we‡ewPZ 

aviYvmg~‡ni GKwU n‡”Q †h Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n 

ïiæ Kivi †¶‡Î wej‡¤î d‡j SzuwK 

e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i 

ev cieZx© ch©v‡q Awf‡hvR‡bi e¨q evo‡Z cv‡i| 

mviwY 16 wewfbœ cÖfv‡ei KviY, wecbœ GjvKv Ges cÖfvweZ LvZ¸‡jv 


AvMó 2009 

3.3.2 RvZxq j¶¨mg~n 

I Ab¨vb¨ GgBG¸‡jvi 

cwic~iK 

nvjbvMv` Kiv GB RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©cwiKíbvq 

(bvcv) RvZxq j¶¨mg~n Ges Ab¨vb¨ eûcvw¶K 

cwi‡ek msµvšÍ Pzw³¸‡jvi cwic~iK GK¸”Q 

Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡e Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n‡K wPwýZ 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k eûcvw¶K Pzw³¸‡jv‡Z 

Aby¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q| †hgb, wcAviGmwcÕi ÷ªv‡UwRK 

e K-2 : wµwUK¨vj †m±m© di †cÖv-cyIi B‡KvbwgK 

†MÖv_Õ welqK As‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©b welqwU‡K 

cvwb m¤ú` eë¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 

Rjevqy I mswkøó Dcv`vb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wecb&œ wewfbœ GjvKv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfvweZ LvZmg~n 

ZvcgvÎv e„w× I Liv DËi-cwðgvÂj K…wl (km¨, cïm¤ú`, grm¨ m¤ú`) 

cvwb 

R¡vjvwb 

¯^v¯’¨ 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× I 

jeYv³Zvi AbycÖ‡ek 

DcK‚jxq GjvKv 

Øxc 

eb¨v ga¨vÂj 

DËi-c~e©vÂj 

Pi GjvKv 

N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm 1 DcK‚jxq mgy`ª GjvKv mvgyw`ªK gvQ aiv 

AeKvVv‡gv 

gvby‡li emwZ 

Rxeb I m¤úwË 

wb®‹vkb eÜ nIqv DcK‚jxq GjvKv 

bMi 

`w¶Y-cwðgvÂj 

m~Î : bvcv wUg, 2005 

1 e‡½vcmvM‡i Nb Nb N~wY©So m„wói d‡j Mfxi mvMi †_‡K grm¨Rxwe‡ì evievi wd‡i Avm‡Z nq| 


K…wl (km¨, grm¨ m¤ú`, cïm¤ú`) 

cvwb (Rjve×Zv, Lvevi cvwb, bMi) 

gvbe emwZ 

R¡vjvwb 

¯^v¯’¨ 

K…wl (km¨, grm¨ m¤ú`, cïm¤ú`) 

cvwb (bMi, wkí-KviLvbv) 

AeKvVv‡gv 

gvbe emwZ 

¯^v¯’¨ 

`y‡h©vM 

R¡vjvwb 

cvwb (bve¨Zv) 

K…wl (km¨) 

39


mviwY 17 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Ici cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv 

†fŠZ SzuwK 

†cÖ¶vcU 

Pig ZvcgvÎv mgy`ª c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w× Liv eb¨v N~wY©So I 

DcK‚jxq jeYv³Zvi b`x AvKw¯§K 

R‡jv”Q¡vm 

cøveb AbycÖ‡ek eb¨v eb¨v 

welq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ welq 

†hgb eb¨v, cqtwb®‹vkb eÜ nIqv, Liv, b`x fv½b 

I we¯Ívi| N~wY©So, cvwbi gvb I AwaKvi, f~-c„‡ôi 

cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zvi welq¸‡jv c~‡e©I Av‡jvPbv Kiv 

n‡q‡Q Ges Rjevqy DòZi n‡j Gme wel‡q Av‡iv 

AebwZ NU‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©b we‡kl K‡i mgy`ª 

c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i welqwU evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU 

¸iæZi D‡Ø‡Mi welq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

ÔKg‡cÖ‡nwÝf wWRvqv÷vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U UzIqvW©m 

cfvwU© wiWvKkb GÛ †MÖv_Õ Kg©m~wPi Aaxb cwjwm 

g¨vwUª‡· bvcv‡K K‡qKwU mswkøó Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Bmy¨ †gvKv‡ejvi j‡¶¨ Pjgvb Kg©KvÛ wn‡m‡e 

¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| cwjwm g¨vwUª· 18 t cwi‡ek I 

†UKmB Dbœqb c`‡¶‡c Ab¨Zg cÖavb j¶¨ wn‡m‡e 

mKj bxwZ, Kg©m~wP I cÖK‡í Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Awf‡hvRb AšÍfy©³ Kivi welqwU wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| 

m‡PZbZv e„w×i welqwU‡K G e¨vcv‡i GKwU fwel¨Z 

cÖ‡qvRb e‡j wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bvcv we‡kl K‡i 

Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msµvšÍ RvZxq Kg©cwiKíbvmn Ab¨vb¨ 

cwi‡ek msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wP‡Z Ges Gi Av‡M 

ev¯ÍevwqZ RvZxq cwi‡ek eë¯’vcbv Kg©cwiKíbvi 

(GbBGgGwc) m‡½ my¯úó I Nwbôfv‡e hy³| 

fv½b I 

we¯Ívi 

+++ ++ +++ +++ + ++ +++ - km¨ K…wl 

++ + + ++ ++ + + - grm¨ m¤ú` 

++ ++ +++ - - + +++ - cïm¤ú` 

+ ++ - ++ + + +++ AeKvVv‡gv 

LvZIqvwi SzuwKi 

†cÖ¶vcU 

++ +++ ++ - ++ + + - wkí-KviLvbv 

++ +++ +++ - ++ - + - Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ 

+++ + +++ - ++ - ++ - ¯^v¯’¨ 

- - - - - - +++ +++ gvbe emwZ 

++ + - - + - + - R¡vjvwb 

m~Î t bvcv wUg, 2005 

ms‡KZ: +++ = me‡P‡q †ekx; ++ = gvSvwi; Ges + = me‡P‡q Kg 

bvcvq mycvwikK…Z c`‡¶cmg~n ev¯Íevq‡b Ab¨vb¨, 

cwiKíbv, bxwZ I Kg©m~wPi m‡½ mvgÄm¨Zvi welqwU 

wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †¶‡Î 

MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ (bvcv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g) 

cÖ¯ÍvweZ †h †Kvb Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶‡ci cÖavb 

êwkó¨ n‡e †h G¸‡jv‡K Pjgvb Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Kv‡Ûi 

m‡½ hyZmBfv‡e mgwš^Z Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z G¸‡jv‡K 

†Kej gvÎ D”P e¨q m¤úbœ Kg©m~wPi cwie‡Z© e¨q 

mvkªqx K‡i cÖYqb Kiv m¤¢e nq| 

3.3.3 ev¯Íevq‡bi m¤¢ve¨ 

evavmg~n 

Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP I cÖKímg~n ev¯Íevq‡b †ek 

wKQy evav i‡q‡Q| MZ K‡qK `k‡K m‡PZbZv e„w× 

†c‡q‡Q Z‡e, e¨vcK gvÎvq ev¯Íevq‡b DØy× Ki‡Z 

e¨_© n‡q‡Q| GKwU KviY n‡Z cv‡i †h mgm¨vi 

m¤¢ve¨ gvÎv I cwimi Ges m¤¢ve¨ c`‡¶cmg~n 

GL‡bv my¯úó Kiv hvqwb| 


AvMó 2009

Av‡iKwU evav (¸iæZ¡c~Y© wewfbœ MÖæc I cÖwZôv‡bi 

g‡a¨ m‡PZbZvi Afv‡ei m‡½ mswkøó) n‡”Q Dbœqb 

bxwZgvjv I cwiKíbvq Ges AwaKvsk Rjevqy 

¯úk©KvZi Lv‡Zi (†hgb cvwb eë¯’vcbv, K…wl, 

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`) wewfbœ Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b cÖfve¸‡jv‡K m¤ú„³ bv Kiv| Zv m‡Ë¡I, 

GB ai‡bi m¤ú„³Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ax‡i ax‡i 

Abyf~Z n‡”Q Ges evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkj 

I Kg© cwiKíbv n‡”Q wewfbœ Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ cwiKíbv, bKkv cÖYqb I 

ev¯Íevq‡bi †¶‡Î ev¯Íe m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi GKwU AMÖmi 

c`‡¶c| 


AvMó 2009 


ev¯Íe †¶‡Î Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi 

(†hLv‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨ m‡PZbZv M‡o I‡V‡Q) GKwU 

P~ovšÍ evav n‡”Q RbMY‡K Zv‡ì wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi 

my‡hvM †`qvi Rb¨ w`K-wb‡`©kbv I civgk© cÖ`v‡b 

ch©vß nvwZqvi I DcKiY, Ávb I c×wZ bv _ 

vKv| wewfbœ Lv‡Z (†hgb cvwb eë¯’vcbv) GgbwK 

Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q `y¯’ †Mvôx¸‡jvi Rb¨ I KvwiMwi 

ch©v‡q Awf‡hvRb mgfv‡e evav †`q| ZvB, Dchy³ 

Ávb, DcvË, c×wZ Ges nvwZqvi I DcKiY msMÖn 

Kiv (Ges c‡i †m¸‡jvi cÖPvi Kiv) ¯^í †gqv‡` 

GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR n‡q IV‡e| 

41

Aa¨vq 4 

cÖavb Awf‡hvRb 

cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv wPwýZKiY 

4.1 Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi 

†KŠkj¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© we`¨gvb 

Ávb 

eb¨v, Liv, N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi g‡Zv Pigfvevcbœ 

Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi welqwU 

evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb bq| Pig cÖvK… 

wZK cwiw¯’wZi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv cÖkwgZ Kivi 

j‡¶¨ miKvi I †emiKvwi ms¯’v¸‡jv wewfbœ mg‡q 

†ekwKQy Kg©m~wPi m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| 

‡`‡k `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv we‡kl K‡i N~wY©So I eb¨v 

†gvKv‡ejvq Abb¨ bwRi ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| `y‡h©vMc~Y© 

I cieZx© cwiw¯’wZ‡Z miKvi I †emiKwi 

ms¯’v¸‡jvi f~wgKv cÖvYnvwb I ¶wZn«v‡m mnvqK 

n‡q‡Q| mvivwe‡k¦ Gme D‡`¨vM cÖkswmZ I ¯^xK…Z 

n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶‡ci Ask wn‡m‡e 

evsjv‡`k miKvi (wRIwe) DcK‚jxq GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z 

wewfbœ mg‡q cÖvq 2 nvRvi N~wY©So Avkªq †K›`ª Ges 

N~wY©So I eb¨vi ûgwKi m¤§yLxb †jvK‡ì mwi‡q 

†bqvi Rb¨ cÖvq 200 eb¨v Avkªq †K›`ª wbg©vY 

K‡i‡Q| GQvov †Rvqvi I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi d‡j c vweZ 

nIqvi m¤¢vebv †_‡K DcK‚jxq f~wg i¶v Ki‡Z 

weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z cÖvq 3 nvRvi 931 wK‡jvwgUvi 

`xN© DcK‚jxq euva wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e †gvU 

4 nvRvi 774 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© cqtwb¯‹vkb Lvj 

Lbb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

evsjv‡`k miKvi KwgDwbwU AskMÖnY `„wófw½ wb‡q 

DcK‚jxq GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z GKwU meyR †eóbx cÖKí 

MÖnY K‡i‡Q| DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM 

we‡kl K‡i N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve 

n«vm Ges Rb‡Mvôxi RxweKvi Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ GB 

ebvqb Kg©m~wP †bqv n‡q‡Q| 

jeYv³Zv e„w×i d‡j DcK‚jxq GjvKvq Lvevi 

cvwbi cÖvc¨Zvi mgm¨v RwUj n‡q‡Q| GB ai‡bi 

cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e„wói cvwb a‡i ivLv GKwU Awf‡hvRb 

c`‡¶c| miKvi I †emiKvwi ms¯’v¸‡jv e„wói cvwb 

a‡i ivLvi cÖhyw³ RbwcÖq Kivi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 

f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| 

eb¨vi mgq (el©v †gŠmy‡g) fvmgvb K…wl DcK‚jxq 

GjvKvi wKQy As‡k bZzb bv n‡jI miKvi Ges 

†emiKvwi ms¯’v¸‡jv cÖwk¶Y I evi evi Z`viwKi 

gva¨‡g GB cÖhyw³ we¯Ív‡i mnvqZv w`‡”Q| km¨ 

Drcv`bg~jK K…wl‡Z jeYv³Zv †gvKv‡ejvq K…wl 

M‡elYv cÖwZôvb I avb M‡elYv cÖwZôvb D¢vweZ 

jeYv³Zv mwnòz RvZ¸‡jv n‡”Q mv¤cÖwZK cÖhyw³MZ 

Dbœqb| el©v †gŠmy‡gi Ici wbf©ikxj Liv cÖeY 

GjvKvq jeYv³Zvi cÖfve n«vm, m¤ú~iK †mP I 

wb®‹vkb wbqš¿‡Yi j¶¨ †m‡Pi Rb¨ AMfxi bjK‚c 

¯’vcb n‡”Q km¨ Drcv`‡bi Awfbœ cÖhyw³| 

wewfbœ civgk©g~jK Kg©kvjvq Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, 

K…lKiv eb¨vi MfxiZv I †gqv`, eb¨vi mgq eb¨vi 

cvwb †b‡g hvIqvi cwiw¯’wZi wfwË‡Z ¯^í‡gqvw` 

k‡mï RvZ eënvi Ki‡Q| nuvm-gyiwMi I Mevw`cïi 

Lvgv‡i wewfbœ †KŠkj I cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g K…wÎgfv‡e 

ZvcgvÎv eë¯’vcbvi D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡”Q †hgb, 

†k‡Wi Ici wfRv cv‡Ui e¨vM eënvi, Mig Kv‡j 

G·nv÷ d¨vb eënvi, (kxZKv‡j) Ni Mig Kivi 

Rb¨ ê`y¨wZK evwZi eënvi mvaviY NUbv| 


AvMó 2009

4.2 fwel¨‡Z Lvc LvB‡q 

†bqvi wewfbœ †KŠkj I 

c×wZ 

Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi fwel¨r c×wZ¸‡jvi †KŠkjMZ 

j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q ZviZg¨ I Pigfvevcbœ 

Ae¯’vmn Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv n«vm 

Ges †UKmB Dbœqb †Rvi`vi Kiv| eZ©gv‡b Ab¨Î 

we`¨gvb Abyiƒc wKQy mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb Ab¨ †fŠ‡MvwjK 

GjvKvq Abym„Z cÖwµqv I Pvjy eë¯’vi wfwË‡Z Lvc 

LvB‡q †bqvi fwel¨r †KŠkj I c×wZ¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i 

civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZvB GKwU GjvKv cÖwZ‡ek 

eë¯’v †_‡K Av‡iKwU GjvKvq Ávb I AwfÁZv 

wewbg‡qi †KŠkj Dbœqb Kiv Riæwi| 

Rb‡Mvôx ch©v‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Awf‡hvRb 

wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k B‡Zvg‡a¨ wKQy cÖv_wgK Kg©Kv‡Ûi 

m~Pbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb, ¯’vbxq Askx`vi‡ì 

m‡½ wb‡q AvšÍR©vwZK †emiKvwi ms¯’v †Kqvi 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq eb¨vcÖeY †ekwKQy 

MÖv‡g ev¯Íevqbvaxb wiwWDwms fvjbviv‡ewjwU Uz 

K¬vB‡gU †PÄ (Aviwfwmwm) cÖKíwU gvV ch©v‡q 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b (Ges Awf‡hvRb) msµvšÍ evZ©v 

†cuŠ‡Q †`qvi e¨vcv‡i Kvh©Ki Ávb M‡o Zzj‡Z 

†c‡i‡Q| 2005 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z XvKvq AbywôZ 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© Rb‡Mvôx ch©v‡q Awf‡hvRb 

msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZK Kg©kvjvq GB jä Ávb wewbgq 


mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j m„ó fwel¨r mgm¨v¸‡jv 

†gvKv‡ejv Kiv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU RwUj Bmy¨ 

n‡e e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q| KviY G‡Z hy³ _vK‡e 

wewfbœ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©hy³ Drcv`b eë¯’v Ges 

DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji cwieZ©bkxj e¨vcK cwiwai g‡a¨ 

we`¨gvb †fŠZ cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vmn gvbe eë¯’v, 

m‡e©vcwi Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKwU 

mgwš^Z `„wófw½iI mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

Av‡iv mwVKfv‡e c~e©vfvm †`qvi Rb¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ 

As‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖK…Z cÖfve¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y 

Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K 


AvMó 2009 


my¯úófv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z GB welqwU mnvqK n‡e| 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b weÁvb I cÖfve msµvšÍ wewfbœ 

mgx¶v †_‡K cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q †h, fwel¨‡Z wewfbœ 

cÖfv‡e ZxeªZv I cybive„wË e„w× cv‡e Ges ZvB 

we`¨gvb Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj¸‡jvi mxgve×Zv 

g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ bZzb I AvaywbK 

Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡iv evo‡Z 

cv‡i| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi fwel¨r 

†KŠkj I c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mgm¨v¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i 

mgx¶v Pvjv‡Z we`¨gvb eë¯’vi cvkvcvwk GKwU 

M‡elYv c×wZ ev Dc-c×wZ M‡o †Zvjv Riæwi| 

‡Kvb Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c Rjevqy cwieZ©b I Rjevqyi 

ZviZ‡gï cÖwZK‚j cÖfve¸‡jv cy‡ivcywifv‡e `~i 

Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| e¨‡qi GKwU mvgvb¨ Ask n‡jI 

mgvR‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡e| fwel¨r cÖ‡qvRb we‡ePbv 

K‡i mÿgZv †Rvi`v‡ii j‡¶¨ GB ai‡bi ¶wZ, 

exgv †KŠkj Av‡iv †Rvi`vi I Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e| 

GB ai‡bi exgv cÖK‡íi Rb¨ mswkøó †¶Î¸‡jvi 

g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q km¨nvwb, N~wY©So-R‡jv”Q¡vm I Ab¨vb¨ 

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y bvbv ai‡bi ¶wZ| 

4.3 wewmwmGmGwcÕi m‡½ 

m½wZ mvab Kiv 

nvjbvMv` Kiv bvcv Kg©m~Pxi m‡½ wewmwmGmGwcÕi 

m½wZ mvab Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges ¯^í †gqv`x I `xN© 

†gqv`x Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c mg~n wPwýZ K‡i wbgœ 

wjwLZ welq¸‡jvi ‡¶‡Î cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kiv 

n‡e: 

1. Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZKiY Ges `wi`ª‡ì mvgvwRK 

wbivcËv ejq: wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h mgv‡Ri 

me‡P‡q `wi`ª I SzuwKc~Y© 

Rb‡Mvôx‡K Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges 

mKj Kg©m~Pxi †K›`ª we›`y n‡e Lv`¨ wbivcËv, 

wbivc` M„nvqb, Kg©ms¯’vb I †gŠwjK †mev jv‡fi 

my‡hvM cvIqvi ‡¶‡Î GB MÖæ‡ci Pvwn`v| 

2. e¨vcK `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv: Nb Nb I gvivZ¥K 

43


cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi µ‡gB e„w× cvIqvi 

d‡j Kvh©Kifv‡e Zv †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ 

†`‡k B‡Zvg‡a¨ Kvh©Ki e‡j cÖgvwYZ `y‡hv©M 

eë¯’vcbv Av‡iv †Rvi`vi Kiv| 

3. Rjevqy mwnòz AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb: G‡Z AšÍf©y³ 

Kiv n‡e GKwU Rjevqy mwnòz †UKmB bMi 

Dbœqb D‡`¨vM, cjøx I wkí Dbœqb Ges wewfbœ 

AeKvVv‡gv‡K Rjevqy mwnòz K‡i †Zvjv| 

4. ¯’vbxq I RvZxq Dbœq‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

welqwU‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv: G‡Z _vK‡e ¯’vbxq 

I RvZxq Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖwµqvq Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi welqwU AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z Awej‡¤^ I 

ga¨ †gqv`x c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv Ges ev¯Íevq‡bi 

Rb¨ ch©vß A_©vqb wbwðZ Kiv| Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi welqwU‡K g~j avivq m¤ú„³KiY 

Ges bxwZ-AvBb cÖYqb I cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv 

mn cwiKíbv I cÖKí h_vh_fv‡e ev¯Íevqb 

Kivi j‡¶¨ †KŠkj, nvwZqvi I Kg© c×wZ 

ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| 

5. mvg_© †Rvi`viKiY: M‡elYv I Ávb eë¯’vcbv 

n‡e GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvi j‡¶¨ mvg_© M‡o †Zvjv 

I cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K kw³kvjx Kiv n‡j miKvix 

wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq Ges ms¯’v, mykxj mgvR I 

†emiKvix Lv‡Z mÿgZv evo‡e| 

6. Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i Awf‡hvRb mvov 

wn‡m‡e †KŠkjMZ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv 

: G‡Z _vK‡e b`x, bvjv, Lvj, wej, nvIievIi 

I eb¨v we‡aŠZ GjvKv mn Rjvf~wg¸‡jvi 

Kvh©Ki I djcÖm~ eënvi| Rjevqy mwnòz 

†UKmB f~wg eë¯’vcbvq AšÍf©~³ _vK‡e 

(cÖwZ‡ek-eë¯’v) h_vh_ fv‡e f~wg GjvKv 

wPwýZKiY, Gi eë¯’vcbv, m¤cÖmviY, Ges 

eb GjvKv msi¶‡Yi cvkvcvwk LwbR m¤ú‡ì 

h_vh_ eënvi| 

A‡bK¸‡jv Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c cÖfve jvNe myweav 

evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, eb ev Rjevqy mwnòz 

AeKvVv‡gv Kve©b ev MÖxb nvDR M¨vm wbtmiY n«v‡m 

mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| 

4.4 m¤¢ve¨ Awf‡hvRb 

c`‡¶c mg~n 

K : Lv`¨ wbivcËv I `wi`ª‡ì 

mvgvwRK wbivcËv ejq 

1. bvix I wkïmn `y¯’ mvgwRK A_©‰bwZK ‡Mvôxi 

RxweKv i¶v, Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì mwnòzZv 

e„w× Ges Rb‡Mvôx ch©v‡q Awf‡hvRb †Rvi`vi, 

RxweKvi eûgyLxKiY, †gŠwjK †mevmg~n 

cvIqvi my‡hvM e„w× Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv 

(†hgb, wbivcËv ‡eóbx,exgv)| 

2. ¯’vbxq I RvZxq Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi 

j‡¶¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b mwnòz km¨ Drcv`b 

eë¯’v (†hgb, m¤ú`nxb `wi`ª K…lK‡ì 

Pvwn`vi m‡½ gvbvbmB ¯’vbxq I Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi 

wfwË‡Z eb¨v, Liv, I jeYv³Zv mwnòz k‡mï 

RvZ D¢veb Ges k‡mï eûgyLxKi‡Yi Rb¨ 

M‡elYv Kiv), grm¨ I cïm¤ú` eë¯’v M‡o 

†Zvjv| 

3. eb¨v, Liv, I jeYv³Zv †gvKv‡ejvq 

D¢vebvg~jK km¨ Drcv`b cÖhyw³ Pvjy Kivi 

cvkvcvwk †Rvi`vi Kiv †hgb; wfRv Rwg‡Z fyÆv 

Drcv`b, wfRv gvwU‡Z jvMv‡bv I KPzwicvbvi 

wb‡P ivLv Ae¯’vq Avjy Pvl, fvmgvb gvPvq 

mwâ Pvl, †Rvqv‡ii cvwb‡Z cøvweZ Rwg‡Z km¨ 

Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ K…wl-cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v BZ¨vw`| 

4. Lv`¨ km¨, D`¨vb, grm¨, cïm¤ú`, nvum-gyiMx 

I MÖvgxb ebvqb mn mswkøó mKj Dc-Lv‡Z 

e¨vcK Rjevqy mwnòzZv M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ K…wl 

M‡elbv| 

5. eb¨v cÖeb GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z grm¨ Pv‡li †KŠk‡ji 

eûgyLxKib Ges AwaK cÖej eb¨vi †¶‡Î gvQ 


AvMó 2009

Pv‡li †KŠk‡j Awf‡hvRb| 

6. Awf‡hvRbg~jK M„nvqb I eë¯’vcbv c×wZi 

gva¨‡g ZvcgvÎvi ZxeªZvi Kvi‡Y Mevw` cï 

I nvum-gyiMxi Lvgv‡i m„ó Pvc n«v‡mi eë¯’v 

MÖnb| 

7. eb¨v, Liv, jeYv³Zv I R‡jv”Qvm cÖeY 

GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Rb‡Mvôx wfwËK Drcv`b I 

msi¶Y eë¯’vi gva¨‡g Mevw` cï I nvumgyiMxi 

Lvevi mieivn eë¯’vi DbœwZ NUv‡bv| 

8. cwi‡ekMZ w`K †_‡K wecbœ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z 

RxweKv i¶vi eë¯’v †Rvi`vi Kiv| 

9. ¯^v¯’¨: we`¨gvb I bZzb †ivM-e¨vwai e¨vcv‡i 

mZK©Zvg~jK eë¯’v †Rvi`vi Kiv Ges 

fwel¨‡Zi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’vi DbœwZ 

wbwðZ Kiv| 

10. Rjevqy cwieZ©b mswkøó ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨vi e¨vcv‡i 

m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv Ges AvPiYMZ cwieZ©b I 

msµg‡bi e¨vcv‡i cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv| 

11. Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wecbœ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z 

(†hgb, DcKzjxq GjvKv, eb¨v I Liv cÖeb 

GjvKv) wbivc` cvwbi weKí Drm Ges 

Awf‡hvRb m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi e¨vcv‡i GKwU †KŠkj 

cÖYqb Kiv| 

L: e¨vcK `y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv 

1| cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi j‡¶¨ miKvi, 

mykxj mgv‡Ri mn‡hvMx I Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi 

mÿgZv e„w×KiY Ges h_vh_ bxwZ, AvBb- 

Kvbyb I wewaweavb cÖYqb wbwðZiY| 

2. Rjevqy mwnòzZvi j‡¶¨ e¨vcK m‡PZbZv e„w× 

Kiv Ges MYwk¶vi eë¯’v Kiv| 

3. KwgDwbwU wfwËK Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP 

†Rvi`viKiY Ges †`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU `y‡h©vMcÖeY 

GjvKvq †m¸‡jvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv| 


AvMó 2009 


4. Avgv‡ì c~e©vfvm eë¯’v‡K Av‡iv †ewk 

mwVKfv‡e ¯^í, ga¨ I `xN©‡gqv`x c~e©vfvm 

cÖ`v‡b m¶g K‡i †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ Avgv‡ì 

N~wY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨vi AvMvg mZKx©KiY 

eë¯’v‡K †Rvi`vi Kiv| 

5. evsjv‡`‡k ÷¨vwÛs AW©vi di wWRvqv÷vi 

(GmIwW) cÖ¯‘wZ Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

we‡ePbv¸‡jv AšÍfy©³KiY| 

6. `wi`ª, ¶z`ª Pvlx I ¶z`ª D‡`¨v³v‡ì Rb¨ cÖvK… 

wZK SzuwK 

exgv M‡o †Zvjv mn m¤úwË bvk 

I Avq webó nIqvi weiæ‡× SzuwK 

eë¯’vcbv 

†Rvi`vi Kiv| 

M. Rjevqy mwnòz AeKvVv‡gv M‡o 

†Zvjv 

1. Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y †`‡k m„ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 

bMivq‡Yi fwel¨Z aiY, Av_©-mvgvwRK 

Dbœqb, Ges cwieZ©bkxj cvwb weÁv‡bi g‡Zv 

welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq wb‡q fwel¨Z AeKvVv‡gv 

Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †KŠkjMZ cwiKíbv MÖnb 

Kiv| 

2. Rjevqy cwieZ©b cÖfve Ges Gme GjvKvq 

f~wgi h_vh_ eënvi Ges emwZi aib 

h_vh_fv‡e we‡ePbvi ci we`¨gvb SzuwK 

jvNe 

AeKvVv‡gv¸‡jvi †givgZ I cybe©vmb ( †hgb, 

DcKzjxq euva, b`x Zx‡ii evua, Ges cqtwb¯‹vkb 

eë¯’v, N~wb©So Avkªq †K›`ª, bM‡ii cqtwb¯‹vkb 

eë¯’v) Ges Kvh©Ki fv‡e G¸‡jvi cwiPvjbv 

I i¶Yv‡e¶Y eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv| 

3. Rjevqy cwieZ©b cÖfve Ges Gme GjvKvq 

f~wgi h_vh_ eënvi Ges emwZi aib h_vh_ 

fv‡e we‡ePbvi ci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 

m„ó m¤¢ve¨ cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq bZzb 

SzuwK 

jvNe AeKvVv‡gv¸‡jvi Rb¨ ( ‡hgb, 

N~wY©So Avkªq †K›`ª, DcKzjxq I b`xi evua, 

cvwb eë¯’vcbv c×wZ, bM‡ii cqtwb¯‹vkb 

45


eë¯’v, b`x fv½b wbqš¿Y eë¯’v, eb¨v Avkªq 

†K›`ª) Riæwi wfwË‡Z cwiKíbv cÖYqb, bKkv 

cÖYqb I wbg©vb KvR m¤úbœ Kiv| 

4. SzuwKc~Y© 

GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Rjevqy mwnòy †UKmB 

bMi I emwZ wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv 

†hgb, m¤¢ve¨ SzuwKc~Y© 

GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z wkí- 

KviLvbv, M„nvqb I AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡bi 

†¶‡Î RvZxq wewìs †Kv‡Wi ms¯‹vi I K‡Vvi 

cÖ‡qvM| 

5. Ab¨vb¨ ivó&ªxq AeKvVv‡gvi (†hgb, iv¯Ív) 

†¶‡Î hyw³m½Z c`‡¶c †bqv hv‡Z G¸‡jv 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y cwiewZ©Z SzuwK 

†gvKv‡ejvq mwnòz n‡q I‡V Ges we`¨gvb SzwuK 

Av‡iv evwo‡q bv Zz‡j Ges cwi‡ekMZ †mev I 

`wi`ª‡ì RxweKvi ‡¶‡Î Av‡cvl Ki‡Z m¶g 

nq| 

N. ¯’vbxq I RvZxq Dbœq‡b Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi welqwU‡K g~javivq 

m¤ú„³KiY 

1. RvZxq, LvZIqvix I ¯’vbxq Dbœqb cwiKíbvq 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU‡K g~javivq 

m¤ú„³KiY ( miKvix wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I ms¯’v, 

¯’vbxq miKvi, †emiKvix LvZ, mykxj mgvR 

Ges mswkøó Rb‡Mvôx) Ges wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e 

†h `y¯’ Rb‡Mvôx I bvix‡ì Ici m„ó cÖfve 

†gvKv‡ejvi welqwU cwiKíbvq AMÖvwaKvi 

†c‡q‡Q| 

2. h_vh_ we‡ewPZ n‡j mKj miKvix bxwZ 

ch©v‡jvPbv I ms‡kvaY Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z 

wbwðZ Kiv hvq †h Rjevqy cwieZ©b, Gi cÖfve 

I mwnòyZvi welq¸‡jv h_v_©B we‡ePbv Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| 

3. cÖKí/cÖKí ewnf©yZ c`‡¶c, A_©vqb Pvwn`v, 

cÖhyw³MZ myweav I ev¯Íevqb c×wZmn BDwbqb, 

Dc‡Rjv, I †Rjv ch©v‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

Awf‡hvRb cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv| 

4. mKj Dbœqb c`‡¶‡c Rjevqy welqK †KŠkj, 

ev¯Íevqb c×wZ I w`Kwb‡`©kbv cÖYqb Kiv| 

O. mÿgZv e„w×, M‡elYv I Ávb 

eë¯’vcbv 

1. Rjevqy cwieZ©b Awf‡hvRb I eë¯’vcbv 

Kg©m~Px GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi j‡¶¨ miKv‡ii 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvjq¸‡jvi mÿgZv M‡o †Zvjv 

(†hgb, Lv`¨ I `y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq, 

evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW©, ¯’vbxq miKvi 

cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi, RvZxq K…wl M‡elYv 

eë¯’v, ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’v, gwnjv I wkï welqK 

gš¿Yvjq)| 

2. Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZK I AvÂwjK 

Av‡jvPbv I ìKlvKwli Rb¨ miKv‡ii mvg_© 

M‡o †Zvjv| 

3. Rb‡Mvôxi Lvc LvIqv‡bvi †KŠkj msµvšÍ 

cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ gvbe 

m¤ú` mÿgZv ‡Rvi`vi| 

4. h_vh_ KvVv‡gvMZ Awf‡hvRb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b 

cvwb Lv‡Zi eë¯’vcK‡ì Rb¨ mvg_© Dbœq‡bi 

gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖKí cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqbmn cvwb 

m¤ú` cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ 

Áv‡bi NvUwZ c~iY Kiv| 

5. RvZxq, wefvMxq I †Rjv ch©v‡q g‡Wj djvdj 

cvIqvi Avkvq AvÂwjK I RvZxq ch©v‡q 

êwk¦K Rjevqy cwieZ©b g‡Wj cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g 

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwiw¯’wZ 


6. M½v-eª¤§cyÎ-†gNbv AeevwnKvq Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cvwbmsµvšÍ cÖfve Ges fwel¨Z 

cÖevn cÖK…wZ b`-b`xi cvwbi ¯Íi m¤ú‡K© 

g~j¨vqb Ges wewfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z I mgZj 

f~wg‡Z m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© c~e©vfvm †`qvi 


AvMó 2009

Rb¨ wewfbœ g‡Wj ˆZix Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvRb n‡j 

eb¨v cÖwZ‡iva evua¸‡jvi bKkv cÖYqb Kiv| 

7. cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v I Rxe êwP‡Îï Ici Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve ch©‡e¶Y I M‡elYv Kiv| 

8. evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwóK A_©bxwZ (GKwU evsjv‡`k 

÷vb© wi‡cvU©) Ges cÖavb wewfbœ LvZ I wel‡qi 

(†hgb, `y¯’ Av_©-mvgvwRK †kªbx I AÂ‡j 

RxweKvi Ici cÖfve I Lv`¨ wbivcËv) Ici 

m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© M‡elYv Ges GKwU 

Rjevqy cÖwZ‡ivaK RvZxq Dbœqb cwiKíbv 

cÖYq‡b Ae`vb ivLv| 

9. Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y `wi`ª I `y¯’ 

cwievi¸‡jvi mwnòzZv e„w×i Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ 

c`‡¶ç‡jv wPwýZ Kivi j¶¨ wb‡q Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b,`vwi`ª¨ I ¯^v‡¯’ï †¶‡Î cvi¯úwiK 

m¤úK© welqK M‡elYv (†ivM-e¨vwai cÖ‡Kvc, 

cywó, cvwb, I m¨vwb‡Ukb)| 

10. evsjv‡`‡k mviv wek¦ †_‡K me©‡kl aviYv I 

cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡fi welqwU wbwðZ 

Ki‡Z GKwU Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Ávb 

eë¯’v I cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª (A_ev wewfbœ †K‡›`ªi 

GKwU †bUIqvK©) cÖwZôv Kiv Ges M‡elK‡ì 

Kv‡Q e¨vcKfv‡e I Aev‡a Gme Z_¨ cÖvwß 

wbwðZ Kiv| 

11. f~wg cyÄxfeb cÖwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z I my`„p Kivi 

j‡¶¨ h_vh_ †KŠkj mbv³ Ki‡Z DcKzjxq 

GjvKvq e-Øxc Dbœqb M‡elYv Kiv| 

P. Awf‡hvRb mvov wn‡m‡e 

†KŠkjMZ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` 

eë¯’vcbv 

1. GKwU f~wg I cvwb GjvKv wPwýZKiY eë¯’vi 

wfwË‡Z GKwU Rjevqy mwnòz †UKmB f~wg 

eë¯’vcbv cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv hv Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b Awf‡hvR‡b w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡Z 


AvMó 2009 

cv‡i| 


2. wgVvcvwbi Rjvf~wg i¶v Ki‡Z b`x, wej I 

Ab¨vb¨ Rjvf~wg‡Z Awf‡hvRbg~jK AskMÖnY 

wfwËK cvwb m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv M‡o †Zvjv Ges 

Rb‡Mvôxi eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq grm¨ 

Pv‡li †¶‡Î †UKmB eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ ïK‡bv 

†gŠmy‡g gv‡Qi Avkªq ¯’j M‡o †Zvjv| 

3. DcKzjxq cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi 

cÖfv‡e grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Awf‡hvR‡b mnvqZv 

w`‡Z c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv| 

4. N~wY©So I R‡jv”Qvm †_‡K cÖvK…wZK I gvby‡li 

eë¯’v i¶vq DcKzjxq ebvqb Kg©m~Px MÖnY 

Ki‡Z n‡e| 

5. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Dbœqb Ges `wi`ª gvby‡li 

RxweKvi Dbœq‡b †`‡ki mKj AÂ‡j Rb‡Mvôxi 

AskMÖnYg~jK ebvqb Kg©m~Px MÖnY| 

6. my›ìeb‡K (GKwU wek¦ HwZn¨ ¯’vb) msi¶‡Yi 

Rb¨ Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq 

†UKmB wfwË‡Z †mLv‡b Rxe êwPÎ¨ i¶vq 

we‡kl bRi †`qv n‡e| 

7. Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY Kivi wfwË‡Z Rxe êwPÎ¨ 

msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ msiw¶Z GjvKv I 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vq Rjevqy mswkøó 

eë¯’vcbv cÖwZôv Kiv| 

8. †UKmB cq:wb®‹vkb eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ 

wfbœ cÖK…wZi Askx`vi‡ì ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq wb‡q 

Ges fvimvg¨ Avbvi Rb¨ Av‡jvPbvi c×wZ 


aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h AwZRiæwi Zvr¶wbK I ga¨ 

†gqv`x Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶cmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 

AvMvgx cvuP eQ‡i 4kÕ †KvwU Wjvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| 

47

Aa¨vq 5 

AMÖvwaKvig~jK Kg©KvÛ 

wba©vi‡Yi aiY 

5.1 wbe©vP‡bi aiY 

¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi we‡klÁ MÖæc (GjBwR) KZ…©K 

cÖYxZ bvcv w`K wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k bvcv 

2005 G AšÍf©y³ cÖKí¸‡jvi AMÖvwaKv‡ii aiY 

evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awf‡hvRb Pvwn`v¸‡jvi `xN© 

ZvwjKv †_‡K wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ûi AMÖvwaKvi wba©vi‡Yi 

Rb¨ wewfbœ bv‡g 3wU wfbœ As‡k bvcv w`K wb‡`©kbvq 

†ek wKQy ai‡bi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| w`K-wb‡`©kbvi 

10wU wb‡`©kK wel‡qi (wefvM-7-K-T) g‡a¨ 

i‡q‡Q †hgb- BDGbwmwmwW Ges wmwewWÕi Aax‡b 

RvZxq Kg©cwiKíbvmn we`¨gvb RvZxq I LvZIqvwi 

cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wPi cwic~iK, †UKmB Dbœqb, 

†RÛvi mgZv Ges e¨q mvkªq| w`K-wb‡`©kbvi 15bs 

As‡k 4wU mvaviY ai‡bi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK‚j cÖfv‡ei ch©vq ev gvÎv, 

`vwi`ª¨ n«vm, Ab¨vb¨ GgBGÕi m‡½ hy³KiY Ges 

e¨q mvkªq| 

GQvov 16 bs As‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, GB PviwU aib 

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e †hme †¶‡Î †m¸‡jv n‡”Q 

(K) Rxeb I RxweKv nvwb, (L) gvbe ¯^v¯’¨, (M) 

Lv`¨ wbivcËv I K…wl, (N) cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv, gvb I 

mnRjf¨Zv, (O) cÖ‡qvRbxq AeKvVv‡gv, (P) f~wg 

eënvi HwZn¨, (Q) Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, (R) f~wg eënvi 

eë¯’vcbv I eb (T) Ab¨vb¨ cwi‡ekMZ we‡bv`b 

myweav (U) DcK‚jxq GjvKv I msjMœ f~wg ¶q| 

D`vniY¯îƒc, `vwi`ª¨ n«vm, ¯^v¯’¨, Lv`¨ wbivcËv I 

cvwbi cÖvc¨Zvi m‡½ mswkøó, Abyiƒcfv‡e Rxeb I 

RxweKvi nvwb, ¯^v¯’¨ nvwb, f~wgi nvwb, Rxe ‰ewP‡Îï 

¶wZ BZ¨vwì †cÖw¶‡Z cÖwZK‚j cÖfv‡ei gvÎv g~j¨vqb 

Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| aib¸‡jv GBfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡j 

†m¸‡jv AvIZv Qwo‡q hvq bvwK ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ 

Zv wba©vi‡Y mnvqK nq| 

G‡Z Av‡iv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, evQvBK…Z 

aib¸‡jv n‡Z n‡e ¯’vbxqfv‡e cwiPvwjZ Ges 

Ab¨vb¨ welq¸‡jv 15 I 16 bs `yÕwU As‡kB †hvM 

Kiv n‡q‡Q| GjBwR e¨vL¨vq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, GB 

ZvwjKv‡K †`k, GjvKv, LvZ BZ¨vwì Ici wbf©i 

K‡i m¤¢ve¨ mswkøó ai‡bi GKwU evQvB ZvwjKv 

wn‡m‡e †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| Awf‡hvRb Kg©Kv‡Ûi 

AMÖvwaKv‡ii Rb¨ mywbw`©ó †`k wfwËK h_vh_ 

aib¸‡jv P~ovšÍKi‡Y w`K-wb‡`©kbvq h‡_ô bgbxqZv 

†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 

evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U wbgœwjwLZ we‡ePbv¸‡jv wewfbœ 

aib wba©viY I †m¸‡jvi ¯’vb wbe©vP‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© : 

1| †`‡ki cÖvq 4 †KvwU kªgkw³i `yB-Z…Zxqvsk 

K…wl I mswkøó Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ i‡q‡Q, hv 

A‡bKvs‡k cÖK…wZ I cvwb wbf©ikxj| Z‡e Gme 

LvZ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y we‡kl K‡i 

evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂjxq DcK‚‡j I DËivÂ‡j 

Liv cÖeY GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í 

n‡Z cv‡i| 

2| wewfbœ cÖfve I SzuwKi 

welq¸‡jvi A‡bK¸‡jv 

`„wó‡KvY †_‡K, LvZIqvwi ev AvÂwjK †cÖ¶vcU 

ev Rxeb-RxweKv Av‡qi w`K †_‡K we‡ePbv Kiv 

†h‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U `wi`ª‡ì 

Rxeb I RxweKvi Ici m¤¢ve¨ SzuwKmg~n 

I 

eûgyLx Pvc cwigvc Kiv hyw³m½Z I b¨vh¨| 

3| `vwi`ª¨ n«vm GKwU RwUj I KwVb welq e‡j 

bvcv cÖKí¸‡jvi evQvBKv‡j Av_©-mvgvwRK 

¶gZvqb Ges `wi`ª‡ì `¶Zv I mvg_©¨ M‡o 

†Zvjvi m¤¢vebv we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

4| D‡jøL¨ †h, `wi`ª‡ì Awf‡hvRb mvg_©¨ 

e„w×i j‡¶¨ `vwi`ª¨ n«vm D‡`¨vMmg~n memgq 


AvMó 2009

A_©‰bwZK mvg‡_©ï aib c~iY K‡i bv| GB 

welqwUI we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 

5.2 AMÖvwaKvi wba©vi‡Yi 

aiY I m~PKmg~n 

bvcv w`K-wb‡`©kbvq D‡jøwLZ cÖwµqv¸‡jv‡K 

†`kwfwËK Kg©m~wP, mnRxKiY I bgbxqZvi w`Kwb‡`©kbvg~jK 

Dcv`vb¸‡jvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L 

†RÛvi `„wó‡KvY wb‡q `vwi`ªª n«vm I RxweKvi 

wbivcËvi welq¸‡jv‡K Awf‡hvRb Pvwn`v I 

Kg©Kv‡Ûi AMÖvwaKvi evQvB‡qi Rb¨ me‡P‡q 

¸iæZ¡c~Y© aiY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| PviwU 

AvÂwjK I GKwU RvZxq Kg©kvjvq Askx`vi‡ì 

civg‡k©i wfwË‡Z GB aiY wPwýZKiY (µgvbymv‡i) 



AvMó 2009 

AMÖvwaKvig~jK Kg©KvÛ wba©vi‡Yi aib 

(K) Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi Rxeb I RxweKvi Ici Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 

(L) Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi `vwi`ª¨ n«vm Ges †UKmB Avq 

ms¯’vb 

(M) Rb‡Mvôx I RvZxq ch©v‡q `¶Zv I mvg‡_©ï 

wfwË‡Z Awf‡hvRb m¶gZv †Rvi`vi 

(N) †RÛvi mgZv (me©¯Í‡ii aib Abyhvqx) 

(O) cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ wU‡K _vKvi mvg_© e„w× 

(P) RvZxq I LvZIqvwi cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wP 

Ges Ab¨vb¨ GgBG Abyhvqx m¤ú~iKZv I 

mn‡hvwMZv| 

(Q) Awfevmb Kg©m~Px I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Kv‡Û e¨q 

mvkªq| 

49

Aa¨vq 6 

cwiKíbv cÖYqb I 

ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 

AMÖvwaKvig~jK cÖK‡íi 

ZvwjKv 

Dc‡iv³ 4 bs Aa¨v‡q 45 wU Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c 

wPwnèZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 5 bs Aa¨v‡q D‡jøwLZ ai‡Yi 

wfwË‡Z, wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I Awa`dZ‡ii gva¨‡g 18 

wU cÖKí‡K Av‡iv cwikxwjZ Kivi Rb¨ evQvB Kiv 

n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Av‡iv D‡jøL Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h GB 

AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKv cÖYqbKv‡j Kv‡j †Kvb ai‡Yi 

i¨vswKs we‡ePbv Kiv nqwb| 

mviwY 18 g~j bvcvq D‡jøwLZ Kg©m~Pxi cvkvcvwk AMÖvwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi ms‡kvwaZ ZvwjKv 

2009 bvcv AMÖvwaKvi 2005 bvcv AMÖvwaKvi 

¯^í †gqv`x 

1 Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Avw_©K Pvwn`v g~j¨vqb| 

2 Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvq Awf‡hvRb Bmy¨‡K g~javivq 

m¤ú„³ Kivi j‡¶¨ RvZxq I wewfbœ Lv‡Zi bxwZgvjv 

ch©v‡jvPbv| 

3 eb¨v I N~wb©So mn Rjevqy cwieZ‡bi cÖfv‡ei †¶‡Î bMi 

AeKvVv‡gv I wkí KviLvbvi mwnòzZv e„w×| 

4 cÖej Rjevqy `y‡hv©‡M cwiw¯’wZ KvwU‡q IV‡Z exgv I Ab¨vb¨ 

Riæwi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK weKí mÜvb Kiv| 

5 RvZxq, LvZIqvix I ¯’vbxq Dbœqb Kg©m~Pxi g~javivq Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi Bmy¨‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv| 

ZvQvov, g~j 2005 mv‡ji bvcv Abyhvqx 15 wU 

AMÖvwaKvi Kg©m~Px wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡Pi 

mviwY-†Z ms‡kvwaZ I g~j AMÖvwaKvi mg~n Ges 

mvwe©Kfv‡e Dfq bvcvq 27 wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c 


wewfbœ Lv‡Z (`y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv, cvwb, K…wl, ¯^v¯’¨ I wkí) 

bxwZ I Kg©m~Px‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Bmy¨‡Z Awf‡hvRb 

welqwU g~j avivq m¤ú„³KiY 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡ei †¶‡Î bM‡ii AeKvVv‡gv I wkí 

KviLvbv¸‡jvi mwnòzZv e„w× Kiv 

AwaK Rjevqy `y‡hv©‡Mi †¶‡Î Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ exgvi 

my‡hvM-myweav AbymÜvb Kiv 

6 gvbe m¤ú` mvg_© †Rvi`vi Kiv| cvwb eë¯’vcbv cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ cwiKíbv, AeKvVv‡gv 

bKkv cÖYqb, msNvZ eë¯’vcbv f~wg-cvwb GjvKv 

wPwýZKi‡Y Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU m¤ú„³Ki‡Y mvg_© 

M‡o †Zvjv 

7 jeYv³Zv mwnòz RvZ¸‡jv RbwcÖq Kiv| jebv³Zv e„w× †gvKv‡ejvq DcKzjxq km¨RvZ K…wl‡Z 

Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~Px †Rvi`vi 


AvMó 2009


8 Av`©ªZvq mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i Ggb GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Av‡iv 

†ekx n¯Í‡¶c Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq bvbv welq wPwýZ Kiv| 

9 m¤¢ve¨ Awf‡hvRb c`‡¶c wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki DcKzjxq AÂ‡j 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve g~j¨vqb 

ga¨ †gqv`x 

1 Rjevqy cwieZ©b Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ f~wg GjvKv AvBb Ges 

Ab¨vb¨ bxwZgvjv cÖYqb 

2 cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v I Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 

ch©‡e¶Y 

3 eb¨ cÖvYx msi¶Y I eë¯’vcbv 


AvMó 2009 

cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvig~jK cÖK‡íi ZvwjKv 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y m„ó AwaK jebv³Zv 

†gvKv‡ejvq DcKzjxq Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ LvIqvi cvwb mieivn 

Kiv 

Rjevqy RwbZ `y‡hv©M e„w× cvIqvi e¨vcv‡i Riæwi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK 

c`‡¶c MÖnY Ges m‡PZbZv M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ SuywKc~Y© 

Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b I Awf‡hvRb msµvšÍ Z_¨ 

cÖPvi Kiv 

cÖavb eb¨v we‡aŠZ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Nb Nb eb¨vi cybive„wË 

cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq eb¨v Avkªq †K›`ª, Ges Z_ I mnvqZv 

†K›`ª wbg©vb Kiv 

fwel¨‡Z Awf‡hvRb myweav w`‡Z Liv, eb¨v, I jeYv³Zv 

mwnòz wewfbœ Rv‡Zi km¨ msµvšÍ M‡elYv 

4 DcKzjxq meyR †eóbx m¤cÖmviY, ebvqb I cybtebvqb Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖn‡b DcKzjxq GjvKvq ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SzuwKn«vm 

5 DcKzjxq GjvKvq f~-MVbg~jK cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q M‡elYv 

6 cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZKi wewfbœ cÖRvwZ eë¯’vcbv 

7 f~wg eë¯’vcbvi j‡¶¨ M‡elYv 

8 my›ìe‡bi cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v cybtmsi¶‡Yi cÖqvm 

gva¨wgK I Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi cvV¨m~Px‡Z 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Bmy¨ AšÍf©y³ Kiv 

DËi c~e© I ga¨vÂ‡j AvKw¯§K eb¨v cÖeb GjvKvq K…wl 

eë¯’vq Awf‡hvRb ev¯Íevqb 

Awf‡hvRb I eûgvwÎK grm¨ Pv‡li PP©vi gva¨‡g DËi c~e© 

I ga¨vÂ‡j eb¨v cÖeb GjvKvq grm¨ eë¯’vq Awf‡hvRb 

ev¯—evqb 

evsjv‡`‡ki DcKzjxq GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z we‡kl K‡i jeYv³Zv 

mwnòz gvQ Pv‡li gva¨‡g DcKzjxq grm¨ Pv‡l Awf‡hvRb 

†Rvi`viKiY 

51

cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvig~jK cÖK‡íi ZvwjKv 


9 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e b`xi mvov Ges b`x fv½b 

eë¯’vcbvq †KŠkjMZ cwiKíbv 

Dcmsnvi 

2005 mv‡j mviv evsjv‡`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii Askx`vi‡ì 

mn‡hvwMZvq bvcv cÖYqb Kiv n‡qwQj| Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e me‡P‡q †ekx wecbœZvi m¤§~Lxb 

`wi`ª gvby‡li me‡P‡q NbemwZ GjvKvq RxweKv 

wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶cmg~‡ni 

wel‡q AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Kivq GwU e¨vcKfv‡e 

cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q| g~j bvcv cÖYq‡bi ci †_‡K cÖvß 

bZzb bZzb Z‡_¨, RvZxq Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkj I 

Kg© cwiKíbvq AMÖMwZ, Ges Awf‡hvR‡bi †¶‡Î 

cvBjU cÖK‡íi AwfÁZvi welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i 

evsjv‡`k miKvi bvcv nvjbvMv` K‡i‡Q| QqwU 

wel‡qi wfwË‡Z cÖvq 45 wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awf‡hvRb 

fwel¨‡Z Rievqy cwieZ©‡bi †¶‡Î Awf‡hvRb mvg_© e„w×i 

Rjevqy ZviZ‡gï Rb¨ Av‡iv Awf‡hvRb m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡ekg~jK 

Awf‡hvRb Ávb (†jvKvqZ Ávb mn) e„w× Kiv 

eë¯’v wPwýZ I `jfz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q: (1) Lv`¨ 

wbivcËv I `wi`ª‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx; (2) 

e¨vcK wfwËK `y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv; (3) Rjevqy mwnòz 

AeKvVv‡gv; (4) Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqwU‡K 

g~j avivq m¤ú„³Kib; (5) mvg_© I Ávb e„w× 

Ges (6) †KŠkjMZ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv| 

GB cwiKíbvi wfwË‡Z g~j bvcv c`‡¶‡ci 15 

wU AMÖvwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi m‡½ †gvU 18wU AMÖvwaKvi 

wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvwe©Kfv‡e GB cwiKíbvq cÖ_g 

PviwU welqe¯‘i wfwË‡Z bqwU ¯^í †gqv`x AMÖvwaKvi 

Bmy¨ Ges me©‡kl `ywU welqe¯‘i wfwË‡Z Av‡iv bqwU 

ga¨ †gqv`x AMÖvwaKvi Kg©m~Px Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 


AvMó 2009

‡idv‡iÝ 

GwWwe, 1994. Gwkqvq Rjevqy cwieZ©bt 

evsjv‡`k Kvw›Uª wi‡cvU©, Gkxq Dbœqb 

e¨vsK, g¨wbjv, wdwjcvBb| 

AvMviIqvjv, Gm IUv, wU Avn‡g`, G BD, 

w¯§_, †R Ges Avj÷, Gg wf 2003| 

evsjv‡`‡k Dbœqb I Rjevqy cwieZ©b : 

DcK‚jxq c veb I my›ìe‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡ 

Av‡ivc, IBwmwW,c¨vwim,d«vÝ| 

Avn‡g` G BD, 2006. Rjevqy cwieZ©b cÖfve 

I SzuwK, 

Rjevqy cwieZ©b †mj, cwi‡ek 

Awa`dZi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

Avn‡g`, G BD, wmwÏKx, Gb G Ges †PŠayix, 

Avi G 1999| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b 

evsjv‡`‡ki eb cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vi SzuwK, 

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SzuwK 

I Awf‡hvRb, Gm nK, †RW Kwig, Gg 

Avmv`y¾vgvb I Gd gvnZve (m¤úv`bv), 

K¬zqvi GKv‡WwgK cvewjkvm© †Wvi‡WªLU, 

w` †b`vij¨vÛm| 

Avjg I j‡ij, Gg, 2005| †dwms Avc Uz 

K¬vBg‡U †PÄ Bb mvD_ Gwkqv, †MU 

Kxcvi wmwiR, 118, B›Uvib¨vkbvj 

Bbw÷wUDU di Gbfvqib‡g›U GÛ 

†W‡fjc‡g›U, jÛb, BD‡K| 

Avjg, Gg 2004, GWfvm© Bgc¨v±m Ae K¬vB‡gU 

†PÄ Ab †W‡fjc‡g›U Ae evsjv‡`k 

: B‡›U‡MÖwUs GWvckb BbUz cwjwmm 

GÛ GKwUwfwUR, evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi di 

GWfvÝW ÷vwWR (wewmGGm), XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

Avjg, Gg wbkvZ, G wmwÏK, Gm Gg 1999| 

IqvUvi wi‡mv‡m©m fvj‡bivwewjwU Uz 


AvMó 2009 

K¬vB‡gU †PÄ DB_ †¯úkvj †idv‡i‡Ým 

Uz Bbvb‡Wkb, Bb fvj‡bivwewjwU GÛ 

GWvckb Uz K¬vB‡gU †PÄ di evsjv‡`k, 

Gm nK, †RW Kwig, Gg Avmv`y¾vgvb 

GÛ Gd gvnZve (BwWm), K¬zqvi 

GKv‡WwgK cvewjkvm©, †Wvi‡WªLU, w` 

†b`vij¨vÛm| 

weweGm 2008| ÷¨vwUmwUK¨vj Bqvi eyK 

Ae evsjv‡`k, evsjv‡`k ey¨‡iv Ae 

÷¨vwUmwUKm, cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq, 

evsjv‡`k miKvi| 

weweGm, 2007, cvwievwiK Avq I e¨q mgx¶v, 

2005, cwiKíbv wefvM, cwiKíbv 

gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k miKvi, XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

weweGm 2002| ÷¨vwUmwUK¨vj Bqvi eyK 

Ae evsjv‡`k, evsjv‡`k ey¨‡iv Ae 

÷¨vwUmwUKm, cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq, 

evsjv‡`k miKvi| 

weweGm, 2003, ccy‡jkb †mÝvm, 2001, RvZxq 

wi‡cvU©, evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv, 

cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k miKvi| 

wewmGGm, 2007, gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ I cwi‡ek cwieZ©b: 

evsjv‡`k †KBm ÷vwW, evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi 

di GWfvÝW ÷vwWR (wewmGGm), XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

wewmGGm, AviG, Av‡cÖv‡UK, 1994| 

fvj‡bivwewjwU Ae evsjv‡`k Uz K¬vB‡gU 

†PÄ GÛ mx †j‡fj ivBR : Kb‡mÞm 

GÛ Uzjm di K¨vjKz‡jwUK wi¯‹ Bb 

Bw›U‡Mª‡UW †Kv÷vj †Rvb g¨v‡bR‡g›U, 

evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi di GWfvÝW ÷vwWR 

(wewmGGm) XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

53

‡idv‡iÝ 

ey‡qU, 2005, wkí I AeKvVv‡gvi Ici Rjevqy 

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve, cwi‡ek wefvM, 

evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, 

XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

ey‡qU, 2008, Rjevqy cwieZ©b †m‡ji Rb¨ 

evsjv‡`‡ki jyK-Avc †Uwej ‰Zix Ges 

†cÖwmm wmbvwiI ˆZix Kiv, evsjv‡`k 

cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

wmBwRAvBGm, 2006, f~wg eënv‡ii Dchy³Zv 

I Awf‡hvRb weK‡íi Ici mgy`ª c„‡ôi 

D”PZv e„w×I cÖfve, P~ovšÍ wi‡cvU© | 

†m›Uvi di Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj wRIMÖvwdK 

Bbdi‡gkb mvwf©‡mm (wmBwRAvBGm) 

GwU evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek 

gš¿Yvjq Ges RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~Px 

(BDGbwWwc) KZ©„c‡¶i Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi 

K‡i‡Q| 

wmGbAviGm, 2008, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 

cwi‡ekMZ e¨q| cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q Rjevqy 

cwieZ©b †mj, †m›Uvi di b¨vPvivj 

wi‡mv‡m©m ÷vwWR, XvKv, evsjv‡`k –Gi 

Rb¨| 

divmDwÏb, Gg 2001| evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U 

G‡RÛv GÛ wfkb 2020 : †i‡UvwiK Ae 

wi‡qwjwU? w` BwÛ‡c‡Û›U, GwcÖj 29, 

XvKv| 

wRBwW, 2008| evsjv‡`‡ki wcwQ‡q cov GjvKv, 

mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM, cwiKíbv 

Kwgkb, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

wRBwW, 2009, `vwi`ª I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i Ici 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve Ges 

evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZKzj 

cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvi weKí, mvaviY 

A_©‰bwZK wefvM, cwiKíbv Kwgkb, 


wRIwe GÛ dvI, 2004| w` dzW wmwKDwiwU 

GUjvm Ae evsjv‡`k : UzqvW©m G cfvwU© 

GÛ nv½vi wd« evsjv‡`k, cwiKíbv 

Kwgkb evsjv‡`k miKvi I wek¦ Lv`¨ 

Kg©m~wP, RvwZmsN, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

nvweyj vn, Gg Avn‡g`, G BD I Kwig, †RW, 

1998| G‡mm‡g›U Ae dzU †MÖBb 

cÖWvKkb jm wWD Uz K¬vB‡gU BbwWDmW 

m‡qj m¨vwjwbwU : G †KBm ÷vwW, Bb 

fvj‡bivwewjwU GÛ G¨vWvckb Uz K¬vB‡gU 

†PÄ di evsjv‡`k, Gm nK, †RW 

Kwgi, Gg Avmv`y¾vgvb I Gd gvnZve 

(BwWb), K¬zqvi GKv‡WwgK cvewjkvm©, 

†Wvi‡WªLU, w` †b`vij¨vÛm, 1998, c„ôv 

51-66| 

nK, Gm Kwig, †RW Avmv`y¾vgvb, Gg I 

gvnZve, Gd (m¤úv:), 1999| 

fvj‡bivwewjwU GÛ GWvckb Uy K¬vB‡gU 

†PÄ di evsjv‡`k, K¬zqvi GKv‡WwgK 

cvewjkvm© †Wvi‡WªLU| 

AvBwcwmwm, 2007, Rjevqy cwieZ©b 2007, PZz_© 

g~j¨vqb wi‡cvU©, 14 GwcÖj 2008 mv‡j 

cÖvß GB wVKvbvq: http://www.ipcc.ch/ 

ipccreports/assesments-reports.htm 

AvBwcwmwm, 2001| K¬vB‡gU †PÄ 2001: 

Bgc¨v±m, GWvc‡Ukb GÛ 

fvj‡bivwewjwU, K¨vgweªR BDwbfvwm©wU 

†cÖm, BD‡K| 

Bmjvg, Gg Gm, Gg G IqvB miKvi , Gm 

†igvb, Gm †nv‡mb, †RW GBP gvngy`, 

Gg Gm Bmjvg, G Gg †K DwÏb, Gg 

BDbym, Gg Gm Imgvb, Avi Avb©÷, 

AvB †i±i, wmwc jvimb, Gm wc jywe, 

GBP wc GÛm, G µvwfI‡Uv, 2009| 

evsjv‡`‡ki gZje GjvKvq K‡jivi 

we¯Ív‡ii †¶‡Î Rjevqy ZviZ‡gï cÖfve| 

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (2009), 

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.016 


AvMó 2009

AvBBDwmGb, 2004| wmb‡_wmm wi‡cvU© Ab 

WvqvjM Ab IqvUvi GÛ K¬vB‡gU †PÄ, 


AvBWweøDGg Ges wmBwRAvBGm, 2007, 

DcKzjxq Rb‡Mvôx I RxweKvi Ici 

mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×I cÖfve, cÖYqb 

K‡i‡Q Bbw÷wUDU Ae IqvUvi g‡Wwjs 

(AvBWweøDGg) Ges †m›Uvi di 

Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj wRIMÖvwdK Bbdi‡gkb 

mvwf©‡mm (wmBwRAvBGm)| †h cÖwZôv‡bi 

Rb¨: wWGdAvBwW, evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

Kwig †RW I BKevj Gg G, 2000, evsjv‡`‡k 

f~wg ¶‡qi cÖfve: K…wl Rwg eënv‡i 

cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ, evsjv‡`k K…wl 

M‡elYv KvDwÝj, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

Kwig †RW I †nv‡mb Gm wR, 1999, evsjv‡`‡k 

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y SzuwK 

I 

Awf‡hvR‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z Lv`¨ km¨ 

Drcv`‡bi ¶wZ g~j¨vqb, Gm nK, †RW 

Kwig, Gg Avmv`y¾vgvb, I Gd gvnZve 

(m¤úv:) K¬yqvi GKv‡WwgK cvewjkvm©, 

†Wvi‡WªLU, †b`vij¨vÛ| 

Kwig, †RW, 1996| GwMÖKvjPvivj fvj‡bivwewjwU 

GÛ cfvwU© Gwjf‡kb Bb evsjv‡`k| Bb 

K¬vB‡gU †PÄ GÛ Iqvì© dzW wmwKDwiwU, 

wU B WvDwbs (m¤úv), b¨v‡Uv G Gm AvB 

wmwiR, 137| w¯cÖ½vi fvi‡jM evwj©b, 

nvB‡WjevM©, 1996| c„ôv- 307-346| 

Kwig, †RW †nv‡mb, Gm wR I Avn‡g`, Gg 

1996| G‡mwms Bgc¨v±m Ae K¬vB‡gU 

f¨vwi‡qkbm Ab dzW †MÖBb cÖWvKkb 

Bb evsjv‡`k IqvUvi Gqvi GÛ m‡qj 

cjy¨kb 92 : 53-62| 

GgIBGd, 2009, evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

†KŠkj I Kg© cwiKíbv (wewmwmGmGwc), 

cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k 

miKvi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 


AvMó 2009 

GgIBGd, 2005, RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg© 

cwiKíbv (bvcv), cwi‡ek I eb 

gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k miKvi, XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

GgwcI, 1986| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii †mP, cvwb 

Dbœqb I eb¨v wbqš¿Y msµvšÍ gš¿Yvjq 

Ges BDGbwWwc I wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki 

Rb¨ nvRiv BwÄwbqvwis †Kv¤úvwb 

B›Uvib¨vkbvj I m¨vi g¨vK‡Wvbvì GÛ 

cvU©bvm© cÖYxZ RvZxq cvwb cwiKíbv| 

GbWwe DAviwW, 2001, RvZxq cvwb m¤ú` 

WvUv‡eBR, Iqvi‡cv, cvwb m¤ú` 

gš¿Yvjq, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi, 

XvKv| 

GbWwe DGgwc, 2001, RvZxq cvwb m¤ú` 

cwiKíbv (GbWwe DGgwc), Iqvi‡cv, 

cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq, MYcÖRvZš¿x 

evsjv‡`k miKvi, XvKv| 

‡idv‡iÝ 

cwiKíbv Kwgkb, 2008, evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK 

ch©v‡jvPbv, 2008, mvaviY A_©‰bwZK 

wefvM, cwiKíbv Kwgkb, cwiKíbv 

gš¿Yvjq, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 

ingvb, G, Ges Avjg, Gg 2003| †gBbw÷ªwgs 

GWvckb Uz K¬vB‡gU †PÄ Bb wj÷ 

†W‡fjc‡g›U Kvw›UªR (GjwWwmm)| 

IqvwK©s †ccvi 2 : evsjv‡`k Kvw›Uª †Km 

÷vwW| AvBAvBBwW, jÛb, BD‡K| 

ingvb G, Avjg Gg, Avjg Gm Gm, D¾vgvb 

Avi, iwk` Gg, I ieŸvbx wR, 2007| 

BDGbwWwc gvbe Dbœqb wi‡cvU© 2007, 

evsjv‡`‡k SuywK, 

bvRyKZv I Awf‡hvRb 

msµvšÍ cUf~wg cÎ, BDGbwWwc, wbD 

BqK©, hy³ivóª| 

‡i‡Ûj, wc wUªUb, Gb GÛ wewmGj, 1990| hgybv 

weªR cÖ‡R± wWRvBb wi‡cvU©| fwjDg-2, 

wdwRwewjwU wi‡cvU©, hgybv weªR cÖ‡R±, 

†dBR Uz ÷vwW, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k, 

wek¦e¨vsK I RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wP| 

55

‡idv‡iÝ 

mviIqvi, wR, Ges Lvb gvgybyj, 2007 | mgy`ª 

c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×: evsjv‡`‡ki DcKz‡j 

GKwU ûgwK| B›Uvib¨vkbvjm Avwm‡qb 

†dvivg, ms¯‹iY 38, msL¨v 3-4, c„ôv, 

375-397 

GmGgAviwm, 2003| w` fvj‡bivwewjwU 

G‡mm‡g›U Ae w` mvK© †Kv÷vj 

wiwRIb wWD Uz mx †j‡fj ivBR : 

evsjv‡`k †dBm Gm Gg Aviwm bs 

3, GmGgAviwm cvewj‡Kkb, XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

BDGbwWwc, 2004| wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U 

wi‡cvU© : 2004| BDbvB‡UW †÷Um 

†W‡fjc‡g›U †cÖvMÖvg (BDGbwWwc), 

A•‡dvW© BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm, wbDBqK©| 

BDGbwWwc, 2007, gvbe Dbœqb wi‡cvU© 

2007/2008t Rjevqy cwieZ©b 

†gvKv‡ejvt GKwU cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦ 

gvbe msnwZ| 14 GwcÖj 2008 mv‡j 

cvIqv †M‡Q GB wVKvbvqt http:// 

hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/ 

hdr20072008/ 

Iqvi‡cv, 2000, †gBb wi‡cvU©, fwjDg-2 

b¨vkbvj IqvUvi g¨v‡bR‡g›U c ¨vb 

cÖ‡R±, cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k 

miKvi| 

wek¦e¨vsK 1997| Iqvì© †W‡fjc‡g›U wi‡cvU© 

1997| wek¦e¨vsK, IqvwksUb, wWwm| 

wek¦e¨vsK I wewmGGm, 1998| evsjv‡`k 2020 

: G js ivb cvi‡¯úKwUf ÷vwW, w` 

Iqvì© e¨vsK GÛ evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi 

di GWfvÝW ÷vwWR (wewmGGm)| 

w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, XvKv, 

evsjv‡`k| 

wek¦e¨vsK, 2000| Ôevsjv‡`k : K¬vB‡gU †PÄ GÛ 

mvm‡UB‡bej †W‡fjc‡g›U| wi‡cvU© bs 

211 04-wewWÕ, iæi¨vj †W‡fjc‡g›U 

BDwbU, mvD_ Gwkqv wiwRIb, w` Iqvì© 

e¨vsK, XvKv| 

wek¦ e¨vsK, 2002| Iqvì© †W‡fjc‡g›U 

BwÛ‡KUm©| wmwW ig| wek¦ e¨vsK, 

IqvwksUb, wWwm| 


AvMó 2009


Lmov cÖYqb wUg 

1 W. AvBbyb wbkvZ, Kvw›Uª wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwUf, 

AvBBDwmGb evsjv‡`k 

2 †gvRvnviæj Avjg, wimvP© †d‡jv, wewmGGm 

3 Kvgiæj Bmjvg †PŠayix, †Pqvig¨vb, GdB‡Rwe 

4 W. Avwgbyj Bmjvg, BDGbwWwc 

5 W. cj _¤úmb, wgWj‡m• BDwbfvwm©wU 

6 gvgybyj GBP Lvb, BDGbwWwc 

ch©v‡jvPbvKvix 

1 w`jiæev Bqvmwgb, Dc-cÖavb 


Ges cÖKí cwiPvjK bvcv nvjbvMv`KiY cÖKí 

2 W. dR‡j iveŸx mv‡`K Avn‡g` 

cwiPvjK (KvwiMwi), cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

3 W. wbjydv Bmjvg, cwiPvjK (KvwiMwi), cvwb 

m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v (Iqvi‡cv) 

4 W. gvneye nvmvb, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb cwil` 

(weBDwc) 

bvcv evsjv m¤úv`bv 

Kvgiæj Bmjvg †PŠayix, †Pqvig¨vb, GdB‡Rwe 

AiæY Kg©Kvi, mvaviY m¤úv`K, GdB‡Rwe 

†gvt kIKZ Avjx, GdB‡Rwe 

‡gv: knx`yj Bmjvg, GdB‡Rwe 

W. dR‡j iveŸx mv‡`K Avn‡g`, wWIB 

W. gvneye nvmvb, (weBDwc) 


AvMó 2009 

RvZxq w÷qvwis KwgwU 

1. mwPe, cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k 

mwPevjq, XvKv 

2. cÖwZwbwa, (K…wl, cvwb m¤ú` I cjøx Dbœqb 

Awa`dZi), cwiKíbv Kwgkb 

3. cÖwZwbwa, Lv`¨ I `y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq 

4. cÖwZwbwa, A_©‰bwZK m¤úK© wefvM 

5. cÖwZwbwa, ev¯Íevqb ch©‡e¶Y I g~j¨vqY wefvM 

6. cÖwZwbwa, grm¨ I cï m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq 

7. cÖwZwbwa, f~wg gš¿Yvjq 

8. cÖavb eb msi¶K, eb Awa`dZi 

9. gnvcwiPvjK, cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

10. gnvcwiPvjK, `y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv ey¨‡iv 

11. gnvcwiPvjK, cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v 

12. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv Awa`dZi 

13. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© 

14. gnvcwiPvjK, K…wl m¤cÖmviY wefvM 

15. gnvcwiPvjK, grm¨ Awa`dZi 

16. cwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k eb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU 

17. cwiPvjK (KvwiMwi), cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

18. W. Gg Avmv`y¾vgvb, M‡elYv cwiPvjK, 

evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU 

19. W. AvwZK ingvb, wbe©vnx cwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k 

†m›Uvi di GWfvÝW ÷vwWR 

57


20. W. wKD †K Avng`, †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k 

Dbœqb cwil` 

21. W. AvBbyb wbkvZ, Kvw›Uª wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwUf, 


22. W. Avwgbyj Bmjvg, G¨wmmU¨v›U Kvw›Uª 

wW‡i±i, BDGbwWwc 

23. Kvgiæj Bmjvg †PŠayix, evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek 

mvsevw`K †dvivg 

LvZ wfwËK wUg 

cvwb, DcKzjxq GjvKv, cÖvK…wZK 

`y‡hv©M I ¯^v¯’¨ 

1. W. wbjydv Bmjvg,cwiPvjK, Iqvi‡cv, 

mgš^qKvix 

2. kvn Avjg, Dc cwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k 

AvenvIqv Awa`dZi 

3. Aveyj Kvjvg, gyL¨ êÁvwbK Kg©KZ©v, 

¯úvi‡mv 

4. Aa¨vcK †kL AvLZvi Avn‡g`, †ckv I 

cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨, wbcmg 

5. W. Gg GBP †mwjg Djøvn mv‡q`, mnKvix 

Aa¨vcK, †ckv I cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨ wbcmg 

6. ‡eMg kvnvbviv LvZzb, Dc cwiPvjK, `y‡h©vM 

eë¯’vcbv ey¨‡iv 

7. †gvt Ave`yj jwZd wgqv, wbe©vnx cÖ‡KŠkjx, 

cvI‡ev 

8. ‡Mvjvg ieŸvbx, wmwbqi M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v, 

wewmGGm 

9. gvndzR Dj vn&, gnvmwPe, †m›Uvi di 

mvm‡UBb¨vej †W‡fjc‡g›U 

10. wR‡RGb gy‡k©`, EaŸ©Zb êÁvwbK Kg©KZ©v 

(cvwb m¤ú`), Iqvi‡cv 

11. mvBdzj Avjg, EaŸ©Zb êÁvwbK Kg©KZ©v, 

(cvwb m¤ú`), Iqvi‡cv 

12. ‡gvt GKivg Djøvn, EaŸ©Zb êÁvwbK 

Kg©KZ©v,(grm¨), Iqvi‡cv 

13. wg‡mm wgR©v gvbweiv myjZvbv, evsjv‡`k 

Dbœqb cwil` 

14. Avngv`yj nvmvb, KvwiMwi Dc‡`óv, 

wmBwRAvBGm 

15. Rwniæj nK Lvb, cÖavb, wmwcB wefvM, 

AvBWvweøDGg 

16. W. †iRvDi ingvb, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, 

AvBWvweøDGdGg, ey‡qU¨ 

17. W. iwdKzj Bmjvg, wUg wjWvi, 

AvBwm‡RWGgwc 

18. ‡gvnv¤§` AvjgMxi, EaŸ©Zb êÁvwbK 

Kg©KZ©v, (eb), Iqvi‡cv 

K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú` 

1. W. †gvt †gvm‡jg DwÏb wgqv, m`m¨, 

cwiPvjK cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv, 

mgš^qKvix 

2. W. Gg wR †nv‡mb, cwiPvjK (M‡elYv), 

weGdAviAvB (grm¨) 

3. bRiæj Bmjvg, cwiPvjK eb Awa`dZi 

4. ‡gvt dRjyj nK, Dc cwiPvjK (ch©‡e¶Y), 

gvV †mev kvLv 

5. W. †gvkZvK Avn‡g`, wcwmI 

6. W. †gvt wmivRyj Bmjvg, wcGmI, cø¨v›U 

wdwRIjwR wefvM 


AvMó 2009

7. Gg Kv‡ej †nv‡mb †Ìqvb, wcGmI, 

GmAviwWAvB 

8. ‡gvt b~iæj Bmjvg wgqv, GjGmI, cï m¤ú` 

wefvM 

9. W. †gvt Gev`yj nK, GmGmI, weGjAviAvB 

10. ‡gvnv¤§` b~iæwÏb, Dc cwiPvjK, weGgwW 

11. W. Gm‡K †Mvjvg †nv‡mb, wmGmI (cwiKíbv 

I g~j¨vqb), weGAviwm 

Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, eb I f~wg eënvi 


AvBBDwmGb, evsjv‡`k 

2. ivwKeyj Avwgb, eë¯’vcK, Kg©m~Px Dbœqb 

3. ‡gvt mvBdzj Bmjvg Lvb, †cÖvMÖvg Awdmvi 

4. RybvB` Kwei †PŠayix, w_gvwUK cÖavb, 

B‡Kvwm‡÷g GÛ j¨vÛ‡¯‹c eë¯’vcbv BDwbU 

5. ivgxb wd‡ivR, mnKvix †cÖvMÖvg Awdmvi, 

AvBBDwmGb 

6. Rvjvj DwÏb †gvt †kv‡qe, g„wËKv m¤ú` 

Dbœqb Bbw÷wUDU 

7. Gm Gg G Ave`yj gvbœvb, e‡i›`ª eûgyLx 

Dbœqb KZ©„cÿ 

8. BDbym Avjx, eb Awa`dZi, XvKv 

9. W. Gg †K dviæK, cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

wkí I AeKvVv‡gv 

1. †gvnv¤§` wiqvRDwÏb, cwiPvjK (KvwiMwi), 

cwi‡ek Awa`dZiv 

2. Aa¨vcK W. †gvt gwReyi ingvb, cyi 


AvMó 2009 

cÖ‡KŠkj wefvM, evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ 

wek¦we`¨vjq 

3. W. †gvt Avkivd Avjx, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, 

evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 

4. W. †gvt †Rvev‡qi web Avjg, cyi cÖ‡KŠkj 

wefvM, evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ 

wek¦we`¨vjq 

5. wgR©v kIKZ Avjx, Dc cwiPvjK, cwi‡ek 

Awa`dZi, XvKv 

6. W. †gvt Ave`yi iv¾vK, M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v, 

cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

7. †gvt †mvjvqgvb nvq`vi, Dc cwiPvjK 

(KvwiMwi), cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

8. wg‡mm AvIwjqv Lvbg, êÁvwbK Kg©KZ©v, 

RvZxq Drcv`bkxjZv ms¯’v, wkí gš¿Yvjq 

9. †gvt nvweeyi ingvb, wbe©vnx cÖ‡KŠkjx, ¯’vbxq 

miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi 

10. Gg Gbv‡qZzi ingvb, Dc cwiPvjK, wewb‡qvM 

†evW© 

11. †gvt †gv¯Ídv gRyg`vi, mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx, 

weGmwmAvBwm 

12. cÖ‡KŠkjx †gvt IqvwjDi ingvb, mnKvix 

gnveë¯’vcK, weGmwmAvBwm 

13. †gvt †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb, mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx, 

†ecRv 

14. G wU Gg AvIqvwRDjøvn, cwiPvjK, 

GdwewmwmAvB 

15. dviæK Avn‡g`, mwPe, GgwmwmAvB 

16. W. gBbyj Bmjvg kwid, †d‡jv, wewmGGm 

17. W. wgRvb Avi Lvb, ‡Pqvig¨vb, cwi‡ek 

eë¯’vcbv wefvM, b_© mvD_ wek¦we`¨vjq 


59


18. ivjd Avb©÷, KvwiMwi Dc‡`óv, K¬vB‡gU †PÄ 

Kg‡cv‡b›U Kg‡cÖ‡nbwmf, `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv 

Kg©m~Px, cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

19. W. Ugvm U¨vbvi, KvwiMwi Dc‡`óv, K¬vB‡gU 

†PÄ Kg‡cv‡b›U Kg‡cÖ‡nbwmf, `y‡h©vM 

eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~Px, cwi‡ek Awa`dZi 

Lv`¨ wbivcËv, RxweKv, †RÛvi I 

¯’vbxq kvmb eë¯’v 

1. W. Avmv`y¾vgvb, M‡elYv cwiPvjK, 

weAvBwWGm, mgš^qK 

2. W. AvnmvbDwÏb Avn‡g`, wbe©vnx cwiPvjK, 

weBDwc 

3. W. G †K Gbvgyj nK, B÷ I‡q÷ 

wek¦we`¨vjq 

4. GmGg‡RWAvB †PŠayix, weAvBwWGm 

bxwZgvjv I cÖwZôvb 

1. W. AvwZK ingvb, wbe©vnx cwiPvjK, 

wewmGGm, mgš^qK 



3. W. wgRvb Avi Lvb, b_© mvD_ wek¦we`¨vjq 

4. †gvnv¤§` Kvgvi gywbi, Bbw÷wUDU Ae cwjwm 

mv‡cvU© BDwbU (AvwcGmBD) 

5. †gvt wjqvKZ Avjx, wmwbqi †d‡jv, wewmGGm 

6. W. gBbyj Bmjvg kixd, †d‡jv, wewmGGm 

7. L›`Kvi gBbywÏb, M‡elYv †d‡jv, wewmGGm 

8. wØ‡Rb gwjøK, M‡elYv †d‡jv, wewmGGm 

9. mi`vi kwdKzj Avjg, M‡elYv †d‡jv 

10. †Mvjvg ieŸvbx, wmwbqi M‡elYv Awdmvi, 

wewmGGm 

11. †gvt iweD¾vgvb, M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v, wewmGGm 

we‡kl mnvqZv 

1. G GBP Gg †iRvDj Kwei GbwWwm, mv‡eK 

mwPe, cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 

2. †gvnv¤§` Kvgvi gybxi, mv‡eK hyM¥ mwPe 

(Dbœqb), cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 

3. iex›`ªbv_ ivq †PŠayix, hyM¥ mwPe 



AvMó 2009


MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi 


AvMó 2009

RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©-cwiKíbv - UNDP

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