Bhartiya Shitya - Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak

caxyk miU;kl dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl 71v/;k;&15caxyk miU;kl dk mn~Hko ,oa fodklcaxyk miU;kl dk izpkj] izlkj vk/kqfud ;qx esa Li"V :i ls gqvkA bl ;qx ds iwoZ yksd dgkfu;k¡Nankso} dkO;kUrxZr gksrh FkhaA ;Fkk & fo|klqUnj] dkfeuh dqekj vkfn dkO;kRed miU;kl Fks]tks okLrfod :i esa miU;kl dgykus ds vf/kdkjh ugha FksA bu jpukvksa dh dgkuh dk izk:igh dsoy miU;kl tSlk Fkk u fd miU;kl ds lHkh y{k.kAmiU;kl dh :ijs[kk vk/kqfud ;qx esa fufeZr gqbZA lu~ 1858 bZ0 esa izdkf'kr ^vykysj ?kjsj nqyky*dks dqN fo}ku~ caxyk lkfgR; dk izFke miU;kl ekursA1865 bZ0 esa izdkf'kr cafdepUnz pVthZ dk izFke miU;kl ^nqxsZ'k uafnuh* gSA okLro esa miU;kldh iw.kZ ifjHkk"kk rFkk iw.kZ y{k.kksa ls vksr&izksr ;gh ,d miU;kl gS tks caxyk lkfgR; dk izFkemiU;kl dgykus dh {kerk j[krk gSA cafde pUnz pVthZ ds miU;kl jksekaliw.kZ ,oa ,sfrgkfldgSA jktuhfrd miU;klksa ds vfrfjDr lkekftd miU;klksa dh jpuk Hkh pVthZ us dhA nqxsZ'kuafnuh] diky dqaMyk] e .kkfyuh] pUnz'ks[kj] jktflag] vkuan eB] nsoh pkS/kqjkuh] lhrkjke&,sfrgkfld gSa rFkk fo"ko {k] banjk] eqxykaxqjh;] jtuh] jk/kkjkuh] Ñ".kdkUrsj foy & lkekftdmiU;kl gSaA bu leLr miU;klksa dk izdk'ku lu~ 1865 bZ0 ls 1888 bZ0 ds e/; gqvkAcafdepUnz pVthZ ds i'pkr~ rFkk 'kjrpUnz pêksik/;k; ls iwoZ rhu miU;kldkj gq, tks izHkkrdqekj] ty?kj] eukseksgd pêksik/;k; ds uke ls fo[;kr gSaAizHkkr dqekj dk le; 1908 bZ0 ls 1938 bZ0 rd pyrk gSA bl le; ds chp bUgksaus jek lqUnjh]uohu lU;klh] jRunhi] thousj ewY;] flanwj dkaVk] eusj ekuq"k] lR;ckyk] lrhj ifr vkfnmiU;klksa dh jpuk dhAty?kj dk le; 1911 ls 1920 bZ0 rd vuqekfur fd;k tkrk gSA budh jpukvksa esa fo'kqnknk]dfje 'ks[k] fd'kksj] vHkkxks] bZ'kkuh] gfj'k Hkk.Mkjh] pkS[ksj ty] ?kksy vkfu] lksukj] ckyk] nkui=k] f'ko lhefUruh] ikjl ikFkj] HkforO;] fru iq#"k] mRl vkfn miU;kl gSaAeukseksgd pêksik/;k; dk izFke miU;kl ^vijkftrk* (1902 bZ0) izdkf'kr gqvkA fQj bUgksausekunk] vJq dqekj] eks{knk uked miU;klksa dh jpuk dhAbl ;qx ds ,sfrgkfld miU;kldkjksa ds jk[kkynkl ca|ksik/;k; dk uke lnSo vej jgsxkA bUgksausbfrgkl dks thou iznku fd;kA buds egRoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfld miU;kl 'k'kkad] d:.kk] /kqzok]èkeZiky] e;w[k vlhe vkfn gSA'kjrpUnz us miU;kl ds {ks=k esa vkdj ,d xgjk ,oa Hk;adj eksM+ [kM+k dj fn;kA buds miU;klksaesa iwoZorhZ ys[kdksa dk izHkko Li"V :i ls ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA cafdepUnz] johUnzukFk dh 'kSyh dsizHkko dk vfeV :i buds miU;klksa ij gSA cafdepUnz ds miU;klksa ds izHkko] vUrxZr vkus okys