Studie souăasného roz‰ífiení

SUMMARY
Conservation management of the
Protected Areas in the Czech Republic
Conservation land management expanses in
the special protected areas (PA) are covered by
the funds of the Landscape Management Programme
(LMP) in charge of the Ministry of
Environment (ME) and namely by its part D
assigned to a financial support of the conservation
land management in PAs, their buffer
zones and also with focus on a management of
the specially protected species. (There is a
necessary provision to have PA management
plan approved by the ME.) Every year LMP is
modified by ME directive that gives rules for
money allocation.
Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape
Protection of the Czech Republic (AOPK
CR) and its regional centres organize every year
a conservation management of „NPR“ (National
Nature Reserves) and „NPP“ (National Nature
Monuments) out of the Protected Landscape
Areas and National Parks. It is possible to finance
also activities in Natural Reserves and Natural
Monuments and their buffer zones, however
only on land in the state possession and administered
by AOPK CR (the other land in National
Reserves and National Monuments is managed
by the counties). AOPK CR also protects and
takes care of the caves, different underground
spaces and geological formations. Activities in
PAs are classified as follows:
D1 – PA management plans elaboration, surveying
works in PAs, geometric plans, borders
demarcating, etc.
D2 – constructing and maintaining of technical
equipments and/or properties being used in
PAs, esp. marks at the PAs borders, installation
of the nature conservation and information
boards, repairs, barriers and banisters constructions,
maintaining and repairing of the
tourist paths etc.
D3 – involves measures aimed at clearing of
the former negative interference and impacts
still working in PAs – removal of illegal dumps
and remnants of non-working technical equipments
and properties, vegetation recover (to
found permanent grasslands and to plant trees),
liquidation or plant and animal reduction of
geographically non-natural or invasive species,
measures against erosion caused by the human
activities, creating biological erosion control
measures, transfer of the protected species
populations.
D4 – involves measures protecting those
parts of nature that mean the reason of the area
protection and/or occurrence of some protected
species. Into this point belong also traditional
farm activities at agricultural land or in fishponds,
meadows and reed mowing, summer
and winter drying of ponds, species composition
change or density decrease of fish stock in
ponds, also trimming of trees, tree felling, barking,
seed assurance, planting of site natural
trees, care of memorable and important trees
and alleys, support of the populations of endangered
plant and animal species and communities
by special methods, protected species reintroduction,
geological profile maintenance.
All activities and measures that have been
realized in accord with the valid management
plans have been documented in details and stored
into the central register of the nature conservation
placed in AOPK CR. .
By means of AOPK CR was released financial
support of 16,5 mil. CZK for PAs conservation
management from LMP in 2003. Regional centres
of AOPK CR made 257 contracts with persons/establishments
responsible for those activities.
In particular activity items D1-D4 it
made: D1 – 1 4440 000 CZK, D2 – 2 720 000
CZK, D3 – 640 000 CZK, D4 – 11 200 000 CZK.
Most of the measures of conservation land
management belong to the part D4, especially
mowing (meadows and reeds), removal of undesirable
natural seeding of trees and sprouts.
In 2003 for ex. a part of action plan was realized
to support the endangered species pearl
mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) population
in the CR. In the „NPP Blanice“ (Biogenetic
reserve) exceeded amount of 450 000 CZK in the
last year for the reason of care of habitat and
critically endangered species protection.
Namely next activities have been supported:
● 4 cycles of semi-natural pearl mussel breeding
engagement (came over from 2002);
●
●
●
1 cycle of semi-natural pearl mussel breeding
for the needs of bioindication of food supply
quality initiation in the spring drainage basin;
establish essential functions of semi-natural
breeding systems in breeding equipment incl.
sustainable maintenance, food supply, removal
of alga Melosira varians and monitoring of
entire biotope factors;
monthly evaluation of surviving and mortality
of adult pearl mussel population in the
monitored section of the stream;
● pearl mussel reproduction promotion at the
reference site;
● detailed check up of partial sections of protected
area „NPP Blanice“ and its buffer zone;
● transfer of individuals flushed into the inconvenient
places during floods in 2002 to the
sites with more convenient conditions.
Archeo - astrologická území a observatofie
V listopadu 2003 bylo oznámeno vypracování nového
tematického programu svûtového dûdictví Archeo-astronomická
území a observatofie Anno Sidorenko, která je odpovûdná
za tento program, za pfiítomnosti M. Stavin‰i, fieditelky
Astronomického ústavu Rumunské akademie vûd
a dal‰ích specialistÛ. V této souvislosti byla pfiedstavena
archeo-astronomická území zapsaná na seznamu svûtového
dûdictví a území na pfiedbûÏném seznamu, pfiipraveném
s podporou vlády Nizozemí.
Archeo-astronomická území a observatofie jsou prvním programem
UNESCO spojujícím pohled astronomie s kulturními
územími a památkami na celém svûtû, kter˘ by mûl blíÏe sledovat
vztah ãlovûka k obloze a vesmíru. Na seznamu svûtového
dûdictví jsou napfi. území: chrám Slunce v Teotihuacanu (Mexiko),
historická památka Machu Picchu (Peru), Stonehenge (Velká
Británie) a Ulugh-Begova observatofi v Uzbekistánu. Program
je v souladu s globální strategií pfiijaté v roce 1994 V˘borem
pro svûtové dûdictví, aby byl sestaven reprezentativní
a vyváÏen˘ seznam svûtového dûdictví, kter˘ bude pfiedstavovat
rozmanitost kulturních a pfiírodních míst vynikajících svûtov˘ch
hodnot. Pfiipravuje se cesta expertÛ do Afriky, kde archeoastronomická
místa nejsou dobfie známá. Na bfiezen 2004 bylo
pfiipraveno setkání v Benátkách, jehoÏ cílem mûla b˘t pfiíprava
strategie tematického programu a metodika, která by pomohla
ãlensk˘m státÛm s v˘bûrem archeo-astronomick˘ch území
a observatofií. Na 28. zasedání V˘boru pro svûtové dûdictví, které
se uskuteãní v Pekingu, bude podána zpráva o dosaÏeném
pokroku. Samozfiejmû vítaná je spoluúãast dal‰ích partnerÛ pfii
vypracování tematick˘ch studií a regionálních projektÛ.
The World Heritage Newsletter 42
bo
Grafick˘ list z Nástinu historie architektury Johana Berndharda Fischera z Erlachu znázorÀující Stonehenge jako
prehistorickou architekturu v krajinû
118 OCHRANA P¤ÍRODY, 59, 2004, ã. 4