Terapihaver for patienter med psykiske lidelser ved ... - Mette Veje
Terapihaver for patienter med psykiske lidelser ved ... - Mette Veje
Terapihaver for patienter med psykiske lidelser ved ... - Mette Veje
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RESUMÉ ABSTRACT<br />
Dette speciale er lavet i samarbejde <strong>med</strong> <strong>patienter</strong> og ansatte <strong>ved</strong> Psykiatrisk Center<br />
Gentofte. Formålet er at identificere og danne retningslinjer <strong>for</strong> design af to terapihaver<br />
<strong>for</strong> <strong>patienter</strong> <strong>med</strong> <strong>psykiske</strong> <strong>lidelser</strong> tilknyttet henholdsvis til åbne og lukkede<br />
afsnit <strong>ved</strong> Psykiatrisk Center Gentofte. På baggrund af disse retningslinjer ud<strong>for</strong>mes<br />
et samlet design<strong>for</strong>slag <strong>for</strong> de to terapihaver, der <strong>med</strong> fokus på sansestimuli<br />
fra planter, er sundhedsfremmende og gavner rehabiliteringen <strong>for</strong> <strong>patienter</strong> <strong>med</strong><br />
<strong>psykiske</strong> <strong>lidelser</strong>.<br />
Retningslinjerne tager udgangspunkt i et litteraturstudie der redegør <strong>for</strong> <strong>patienter</strong><br />
<strong>med</strong> <strong>psykiske</strong> <strong>lidelser</strong> og deres behov i en terapihave. Forskellige undersøgelser<br />
og teorier, peger på at terapihaver er sundhedsfremmende, <strong>for</strong>di de kan tilbyde<br />
oplevelser og aktiviteter, som tager udgangspunkt i den enkelte patients behov. De<br />
sundhedsfremmende effekter fremstår i patientens <strong>psykiske</strong>, fysiske og sociale trivsel,<br />
som der<strong>ved</strong> gavner rehabiliteringen. Retningslinjerne redegør <strong>for</strong> hvilke aktiviteter<br />
og oplevelser der skal indgå i terapihaverne. Et af de sundhedsfremmende<br />
aspekter <strong>ved</strong> terapihaver er de sanseoplevelser der tilbydes. Et fokusområde <strong>for</strong> dette<br />
projekt er den gavnlige effekt fra planters sansestimuli. Litteraturstudiet belyser<br />
sansernes funktion, hvilken rolle perceptions<strong>for</strong>styrrelser og <strong>med</strong>icinske bivirkninger<br />
spiller inden<strong>for</strong> sansestimuli fra planter, og hvordan sansestimulerende planter<br />
kan benyttes til at fokusere på kropsbevidsthed og opmærksomhed samt genvinde<br />
emotionelle og fysiske evner. Der er udarbejdet retningslinjer <strong>for</strong> plantevalg, og <strong>for</strong><br />
hvordan planterne implementeres i design<strong>for</strong>slaget.<br />
Registrering og analyse af de fysiske <strong>for</strong>hold i haven <strong>ved</strong> Psykiatrisk Center Gentofte<br />
afdækker <strong>for</strong>skellige problemstillinger og muligheder på stedet, som danner grundlag<br />
<strong>for</strong> et gennemarbejdet design<strong>for</strong>slag.<br />
Baseret på litteraturstudiet samt registrering og analyse af haven, er der lavet<br />
en spørgeskemaundersøgelse og afholdt interview af <strong>patienter</strong> og ansatte fra tre<br />
<strong>for</strong>skellige afsnit på Psykiatrisk Center Gentofte. Formålet er at definere <strong>patienter</strong>nes<br />
adfærd, behov, brug, meninger og ønsker til en terapihave. Når der designes<br />
terapihaver, er det er vigtigt at inddrage brugerne tidligt <strong>for</strong> at få input til skitseringsfasen.<br />
Besvarelserne fra spørgeskemaundersøgelsen og de afholdte interview<br />
afslører et stort og vigtigt behov <strong>for</strong> fysiske udfoldelser, som er blevet et yderligere<br />
fokus område <strong>for</strong> de to terapihaver.<br />
I slutningen af skitseringsfasen, blev der afholdt en workshop <strong>med</strong> <strong>patienter</strong> og<br />
ansatte fra Psykiatrisk Center Gentofte. Her blev en plan og en fysisk model af de<br />
to terapihaver præsenteret og diskuteret <strong>for</strong> at give <strong>patienter</strong>ne mulighed <strong>for</strong> at<br />
reagere og påvirke det endelige design<strong>for</strong>slag.<br />
Design<strong>for</strong>slaget bygger således på den ovenstående metode, der tager udgangspunkt<br />
i <strong>patienter</strong>nes behov, samt sætter fokus på sanser, sundhed og psykiatri.<br />
<strong>Terapihaver</strong>ne er tegnet i et organisk <strong>for</strong>msprog <strong>med</strong> sanseoplevelser, aktiviteter<br />
og behandlings<strong>for</strong>mer, der kan fremme de <strong>psykiske</strong>, fysiske og sociale aspekter hos<br />
patienten, og der<strong>ved</strong> gavne rehabiliteringen.<br />
Emneord: Psykiatri, sanser, sundhed og terapihaver<br />
This thesis is made in collaboration with patients and staff at the Psychiatric Centre<br />
Gentofte. The aim is to identify and establish guidelines <strong>for</strong> the design of two<br />
therapeutic gardens <strong>for</strong> patients at open and closed wards at the Psychiatric Centre<br />
Gentofte. The guidelines and a focus on the effects which plants have on the sensory<br />
stimuli led to a comprehensive design proposal <strong>for</strong> the two therapy gardens<br />
that promote health and are beneficial to the rehabilitation of patients with mental<br />
health disorders.<br />
The guidelines are based on literature studies focusing on the needs in a therapeutic<br />
garden <strong>for</strong> patients with mental health disorders. Various studies and theories<br />
suggest that therapeutic gardens are health promoting, because they can offer experiences<br />
and activities that are based on the needs of the individual patient. The<br />
health promoting effects appear in the patients’ mental, physical and social wellbeing,<br />
thereby benefiting the rehabilitation. The guidelines explain which activities<br />
and experiences should be included in therapeutic gardens. Among the health<br />
promoting benefits of therapeutic gardens are the sensory experiences. A focus<br />
area <strong>for</strong> this project is the beneficial effect which plants have on sensory stimuli. The<br />
literature studies elucidate on the functions of senses, the roles of disturbance of<br />
perception and <strong>med</strong>ical secondary effects, the interaction with sensory stimuli from<br />
plants, how sensory stimulating plants can be used to focus on body awareness and<br />
attention in order to recover emotional and physical abilities. Guidelines have also<br />
been established on the selection of plants and on how plants are implemented in<br />
the design proposal.<br />
Recordings and analysis of the physical conditions in the garden at the Psychiatric<br />
Centre Gentofte uncover issues and opportunities on site which <strong>for</strong>m the basis <strong>for</strong><br />
an elaborate design proposal.<br />
Based on the literature study together with recordings and analysis of the garden a<br />
questionnaire was prepared and interviews were conducted with patients and staff<br />
from three different wards at the Psychiatric Centre Gentofte. The aim has been<br />
to define patients’ behaviours, needs, use of, opinions on and wishes <strong>for</strong> a therapeutic<br />
garden. When designing therapeutic gardens, it is important to involve the<br />
users at an early stage, to get input <strong>for</strong> the sketching phase. The responses from the<br />
questionnaire and the in<strong>for</strong>mation from the interviews reveal a comprehensive and<br />
important need/requirement <strong>for</strong> physical exercise, which has become an additional<br />
focus area <strong>for</strong> the two therapeutic gardens.<br />
A workshop with patients and staff from the Psychiatric Centre Gentofte was held at<br />
the end of the sketching phase. At the workshop a plan and a physical model of the<br />
therapeutic gardens was presented and discussed to give the patients an opportunity<br />
to respond and thus influence the final design proposals.<br />
The final design proposal is based on the above method. It satisfies the needs of<br />
patients and focuses on the senses, health and psychiatry.<br />
The two therapeutic gardens are designed in an organic <strong>for</strong>m language with sensory<br />
experiences, activities and therapies that promote the physical, psychological and<br />
social aspects of the patient, and thereby benefit rehabilitation.<br />
Keywords: Psychiatry, senses, health and therapeutic gardens