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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Fisheries Working Group project APEC FWG 01/2002 “Capacity and Awareness Building on Import Risk Analysis (IRA) for Aquatic Animals”, proposed in 2000 during the 12 th Meeting of the APEC FWG, was successfully implemented in 2002-2004. This project is a follow-up of two recently concluded APEC FWG projects - 03/2000 “Joint APEC/FAO/NACA/ SEMARNAP-Mexico Ad-Hoc Expert Consultation on Trans-boundary Aquatic Animal Pathogen Transfer and Development of Harmonised Standards on Aquaculture Health Management” and 02/2000 “Development of a Regional Research Programme on Grouper Virus Transmission and Vaccine Development”. Both projects identified the need to build capacity and awareness on import risk analysis (IRA) for movement of aquatic animals in APEC economies. The objectives of the project are: (a) to organize the first Asia-Pacific/Americas training course/expert workshop on IRA for aquatic animals, (b) to develop a manual on IRA for aquatic animals, (c) to establish a network of people involved in conducting IRAs for aquatic animals, and (d) to facilitate exchange of experience and expertise on IRA. The Department of Fisheries (DOF) of Thailand served as Project Overseer, with the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) (supported by three technical consultants) as project contractor/ implementor. Three local government institutions in Mexico, the Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (INP), the Comisión Nacional de Acuacultura y Pesca (CONAPESCA) and the Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderóa, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), organized the training/workshop in Mazatlan, Mexico. A number of collaborating partner institutions supported the implementation of this project. The Office International des ópizooties (OIE) Regional Representation for Asia-Pacific (based in Tokyo, Japan) provided support for an IRA expert (at that time based in Switzerland). OIE also supported the participation of one Fish Diseases Commission (FDC) member and an FDC expert, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provided support to representatives from 13 countries in Latin America, as well as translation services during the event in Mazatlan. A number of other regional institutions/organizations (e.g., the Mekong River Commission (MRC), the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA/SUMA-Vietnam), the Bangladesh Global Environment Facility (GEF) Project, Intervet Singapore, and the Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (OIRSA)) also supported additional participants. APEC economies supported their own participants (e.g., Australia, Canada, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong China, Japan, Korea RO and the United States of America), while NACA provided travel and subsistence support to seven NACA member governments. The two training/workshops were successfully conducted in Bangkok, Thailand (1-6 April 2002) and Mazatlan, Mexico (12-17 August 2002). A total of 130 participants comprised of regulatory authorities, administrators and aquatic animal health specialists responsible for trade of live aquatic animals participated in the two training/workshops. The participants represented 37 countries in the Asia-Pacific (i.e., Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, China, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea RO, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) and the Americas (i.e., Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, the United States of America and Venezuela). These training/workshops not only provided a venue to raise awareness and enable better understanding of the concepts of IRA, they also fostered better communication between government representatives and aquatic animal health specialists on issues related to aquatic animal movement, and enhanced subregional, regional and international cooperation on issues related to aquaculture health and trade of aquatic animals. vii
viii The number of economies taking part in the two workshops and the participation of non-APEC economies, FAO and NACA member governments and collaborating partner organizations such as OIE, MRC, SPC, DANIDA, OIRSA and private-sector representatives demonstrate the great value of this APEC initiated activity and APEC’s important role in supporting responsible aquaculture, trade and health management practices for better productivity, increased and stable contribution to food security, promotion of sustainable aquaculture and preservation of biodiversity. This report, which contains 26 technical presentations, is divided into four parts: (a) Background for Risk Analysis, (b) The Risk Analysis Process, (c) Risk Analysis and the World Trade Organization: Country Experiences and (d) National Strategies for Aquatic Animal Health. Four annexes are also included containing the (a) Workshop Programs, (b) Lists of Participants, (c) Working Group Recommendations and (d) List of Acronyms and Abbreviations.
Page 1 and 2: Capacity and Awareness Building on
Page 4 and 5: Report prepared by: J. Richard Arth
Page 6: 4.4 NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR AQUATIC
Page 11 and 12: x Recognizing the importance of the
Page 13 and 14: xii Project Purpose The project’s
Page 15 and 16: xiv
Page 17 and 18: xvi
Page 19 and 20: 2 Introductions and Transfers Intro
Page 21 and 22: 4 Table 5. Statistics by recipient
Page 23 and 24: 6 Ornamental Fish Trade The interna
Page 26 and 27: Trans-boundary Aquatic Animal Disea
Page 28 and 29: Hine (2002) reviewed the significan
Page 30 and 31: Table 2. Examples of socio-economic
Page 32 and 33: References ADB/NACA. 1991. Fish Hea
Page 34 and 35: Chinabut, S. 2002b. A case study of
Page 36 and 37: Lilley, J.H., D. Hart, R.H. Richard
Page 38 and 39: Somga, J.R., S.S. Somga and M.B. Re
Page 40 and 41: Risks of Species Introduction R.P.
Page 42 and 43: Information contained in DIAS thus
Page 44 and 45: Production (mt) Figure 1. Contribut
Page 46 and 47: Number of Records Figure 5. Effects
Page 48: 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Figure 9.
Page 51 and 52: 34 inexpensive and readily availabl
Page 53 and 54: 36 ICES 1994. Report on the Working
Page 55 and 56: 38 Figure 1 provides a conceptual s
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40 The movement of infected animals
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42 and their products. These organi
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44 graphical barriers are more effe
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46 lished by the Competent Authorit
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48 harmonisation of rules/services
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Databases for Import Risk Analysis
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Three Examples of Computer-based Da
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Role of the OIE Fish Diseases Commi
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fiable diseases” and “other sig
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4.2 THE RISK ANALYSIS PROCESS 1 Thi
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Nevertheless, even a relatively pri
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event occurring, or the magnitude o
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Experiences from the Livestock Sect
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e provided. While an estimate of th
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Since both types of assessment are
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Figure 4. A scenario tree for an ex
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Where there is significant uncertai
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76 sensitivity and specificity of d
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78 Table 3. Survival parameters of
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Recommendations from the OIE Confer
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should seek contributions from the
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4.3 RISK ANALYSIS AND THE WORLD TRA
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The Panel produces a descriptive re
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At hearings both parties often had
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92 While import risk analysis is no
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94 USA would not be successful in o
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Social Justice Litigation: The CIT
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cantly, we imposed the following re
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Implementation: As early as 1996, t
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4.4 NATIONAL STRATEGIES ON AQUATIC
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These elements are elaborated in th
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Nepal: A national workshop was conv
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The Import Risk Analysis Process in
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ment) and with the international st
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1. Import proposal lodged IRA T eam
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Canada’s National Aquatic Animal
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control (
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Canada’s National Code on Introdu
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It is important to note that for th
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Safe Control of Aquatic Products in
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• To strengthen international exc
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Framework for the Control of Aquati
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Administrative Framework for Aquati
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The Development of Import Risk Anal
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trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic s
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Import Risk Analysis: the Philippin
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Proposed Importation of Penaeus van
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Strategies for Aquatic Animal Healt
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4. Aquatic animal diseases - resear
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The Role of the Private Sector in I
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However, it is sometimes the case t
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National Aquatic Animal Health Plan
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National Aquatic Animal Health Task
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ANNEXES 151
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ANNEX I WORKSHOP PROGRAMS 153
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Annex I (A) APEC FWG 1 01/2002 “C
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April 2: TUESDAY 0830-1000 Session
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) 1130-1150 Use of IRA and Science
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ANNEX I (B) APEC FWG 1 01/2002 “C
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1330-1800 of August 12 continued un
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1000-1030 Coffee Break Examples and
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ANNEX II(A) LISTS OF PARTICIPANTS A
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16 Philippines Dr Joselito R. Somga
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33 Vietnam DANIDA (SUMA) Mr Le Hong
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48 Resource Speaker (Thailand) 49 I
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ANNEX II (B) LISTS OF PARTICIPANTS
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14 Guatemala Luis Arturo López Par
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26 México - CRIP/INP Mazatlán 27
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43 Venezuela Melida Boada Instituto
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58 NACA (Resource Speaker) Dr Micha
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Annex Annex III III Working Group R
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Annex III(A)(i) Group 1: Policies/R
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Annex III(A)(ii) Group 2: National
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Annex III(A)(iii) Group 3: Outline/
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ANNEX 3(A)(iii) - Attachment 1 DRAF
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Annex III(B)(i) Working Group 1: Po
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Annex III(B)(ii) Group 2: National
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Annex III(B)(iii) Group 3: Outline/
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ANNEX IV List of Acronyms and Abbre
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VHS Viral haemorrhagic septicemia V
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