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PU Today Technical Article the core of the Dow Pascal TM technology which, in essence, combine the application of lower inmold pressure to achieve maximum PU foam insulation and process performance. Lower in-mold pressure results in: l Easier flow due to the resulting lower cavity’s back-pressure l Better demolding time due to the lower foam pressure in-mold at the time of demolding the units (Picture 3) Improved flow gives options for improving foam k-factor hence cabinet’s energy consumption using fast reactive PU foam systems without penalties on density and demolding as it happens with the conventional foaming process. As known, PU foam k-factor is the sum of three main contributions: k-f PU foam = k gas + k solid + k radiative Fast reactive systems are known to give very uniform and finer cell size showing improved foam k-factor as a consequence of: l Optimized cell gas composition (best balance of CO2 and physical Blowing Agent) enhancing the k gas contribution l Finer cell size enhancing the k radiative contribution (Pictures 12 and 13) In this case, the finer foam cell size well explains the k-factor improvement according to the Booth equation [1]. S ome of the main PU foam characteristics of the new Pascal TM technology system compared to standard K and Low K C-Pentane 32 p o l y u r e t h a n e s t o d a y Picture 12 – Picture from Standard K foam, cell size 270 – 300 micron Picture 13 – Picture from Pascal TM foam, cell size 150 – 180 micron blown systems now in the market are summarized in the following table (average data measured from a foamed Combi-Bottom freezer European cabinet design, 178 x 60 x 60 cm): Reference PU System Standard Low Pascal TM k-factor C-p k-factor C-p TM System System reactivity (sec) 40 38 20 Applied density (kg/m3) Reference +3% Reference Foam k-factor at 10°C (mW/m.K) 20.5 19.7 18.5 Average cell size (micron) 270 - 300 240 – 270 150 - 180 Demolding time (min) 5 5 2.5 Haier The first industrial plant for the application of the PASCAL Technology was designed for HAIER, the world leader in the manufacture of refrigerators and a major player in the entire appliance industry. Confronted with the need to offer an extremely efficient refrigerator model within their wide catalogue, HAIER decided to invest in a completely new concept of a foaming plant to achieve their goal. DOW and Cannon jointly discussed the technical options with HAIER, and defined the most appropriate solution for a fastdemolding foaming plant. Sixteen VAI jigs, in two rows of eight jigs each, are fed by two high pressure metering units through four mixing heads mounted on traverse carriers (Picture 14). One loading and one unloading aerial carts handle each row of eight jigs. Vacuum to the jigs Picture 14 – The first industrial plant using the V.A.I. – PASCAL technology is in production at Haier, P.R. of China is provided by two separate vacuum pumps with accumulators. If needed, the vacuum pumps can be switched between the two rows of jigs to d e c e m b e r 2 0 1 1
ensure uninterrupted service to the entire plant. Also the two metering units are fully interchangeable, should one of them be stopped. Due to the fast demolding properties of the PASCAL Technology, HAIER achieved for this first plant a production capacity of one unit every 15 seconds. The thermal insulation performance of these models is rated A++++ and the new line of refrigerators, launched at the World Appliance Expo in Shanghai on March 16, 2011 – is getting a very positive response from the consumers. The PASCAL Technology used for this refrigerator contributes for 5% to the energy savings. A very positive environmental impact already oriented a wide number of Chinese consumers towards this model of refrigerator for their home. The emissions deriving from the use of this white appliance are calculated d e c e m b e r 2 0 1 1 to be reduced by an average of 8 kg of CO 2 -equivalent per every year of use of the refrigerator. Conclusions The vacuum-assisted injection has been successfully applied to the complex design of domestic refrigerators. A partnership between Cannon and Dow allowed for the development of PASCAL, we believe it is an innovative technological solution that draws new frontiers in the production of refrigerators. The reduced pressure applied into the cavity during the injection and the expansion of the foam facilitates the filling of the cabinet, providing substantial benefits: l optimized distribution of foam density throughout the entire cabinet. l the polymerization time per foaming station has been cut nearly in half due to the possibility of using high reactivity formulations providing a significantly higher productivity. l reduced plant’s floor space in half when using the new “twin” foaming fixture - the RotoJig – specifically conceived for this technology. The new Polyurethane formulation, specifically developed for this application, reduces the foam thermal conductivity to a new reference level, while maintaining the density at list within the industry state of the art levels and allowing for a shorter polymerization time. p o l y u r e t h a n e s t o d a y References 1. H. Kramer, V. Parenti, “Novel rigid polyurethane formulations offering combined high energy efficiency and fast productivity for outstanding performance in the domestic appliance industry”, Proceeding the 2007 CPI Conference, Orlando USA. Vydro®: Smart Water Management Substrate Set to Transform Green Roof & Vertical Walls Market Skygardens are a growing phenomenon. In towns and cities around the world, a quiet architectural revolution is occurring. At first glance the changes might not be noticeable, particularly from street level, but look closely at the skyline or out of a high-rise window and the transformation might become more apparent. Slowly but surely, green roofs and skyrise gardens are being added to public and private buildings in a quantum shift in the soft landscaping of our metropolitan areas. Driven by the need to respond to climate change, many government authorities are now actively encouraging architects and construction companies to make green or ‘living’ roofs a standard design feature in new buildings. As part of a wider drive on sustainability, building certification programs such as BREAM [1] and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) now acknowledge the importance of green roofs. As such, many Technical Article construction-related credit systems, grants and other financial incentives are being put in place to encourage adoption and new roofing-related legislation is also coming into force. In 2010, in a bid to become the world’s first carbon neutral city, Copenhagen introduced a mandatory green roof policy. Legally, all new buildings in the Danish capital with a roof pitch of less than 30 degrees now have 33 PU Today
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Page 3 and 4: Dear Readers, It has been almost 75
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Page 7 and 8: in Mumbai in the presence of many I
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Page 11 and 12: upgrade them for achieving superior
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Page 37 and 38: Report: IPUA & Honeywell’s Semina
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Page 43 and 44: Rokopol iPol typical properties App
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