Dec-98 - Friends Journal
Dec-98 - Friends Journal
Dec-98 - Friends Journal
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The Arts<br />
Quakers, Vedanta, and<br />
Christopher Isherwood<br />
by Michael True<br />
Meting on Sunday morning, I found<br />
quite valuable, despite all the talkng.<br />
And Rufus Jones-the uncrowned<br />
Quaker 'pope'-was a really good<br />
speaker." This entry, in Christopher<br />
Isherwood's journal of October 1941, suggests<br />
his ambivalent attitude toward Quaker<br />
culture while working with American <strong>Friends</strong><br />
Service Committee and attending meeting<br />
in the Philadelphia area.<br />
An acute observer of human beings in<br />
our various guises, Isherwood offers considerable<br />
insight into various religious issues<br />
during this critical period of his life. Of<br />
particular interest to interreligious dialog is<br />
his emphasis upon the similarities between<br />
Quakerism and Vedanta, a reform movement<br />
within Hinduism founded by Ramakrishna,<br />
the great 19th-century Bengali saint, and his<br />
disciple, Vivekananda, who left a lasting<br />
impression on participants at the Chicago<br />
World Parliament of Religions in 1893.<br />
Isherwood's duties during the early months<br />
of the Second World War included teaching<br />
English to German war refugees and accompanying<br />
them to classes at Haverford College.<br />
Although he was fond of the refugees,<br />
Isherwood thought that the English lessons<br />
often resembled psychiatric sessions, since<br />
"you had to give all your time, confidence,<br />
faith, courage, to these badly rattled middleaged<br />
people whose lifeline to the homeland<br />
had been brutally cut, and whose will to<br />
make a new start in the new country was<br />
very weak."<br />
In his mid-30s, Isherwood was already<br />
well-known as the author of the Berlin Stories,<br />
later the basis for John van Druten's<br />
successful play, I Am a Camera (1951) and<br />
an award-winning musical, Cabaret (1966),<br />
both successful films. H aving emigrated to<br />
the United States from Britain in 1939,<br />
with his friend and sometime lover<br />
("unromantically, but with much pleasure"),<br />
W. H . Auden, Isherwood had found not<br />
only religion, but also a home in Southern<br />
California, prior to his year in Philadelphia.<br />
On the East Coast, he felt less at home-less<br />
liberated from England and things English,<br />
one might say-than he had in the Los<br />
Michael True, a member ofWorcester-Pieasant<br />
St. (Mass.) Meeting, visited Belur Math and<br />
the Ramakrishna Mission, Calcutta, on his<br />
recent travels as a Fulbright lecturer in India.<br />
FRIENDS JoURNAL <strong>Dec</strong>ember 19<strong>98</strong><br />
Angeles area. Also for that reason, he was less<br />
public about his homosexuality, in part because<br />
of "the contrast between relatively<br />
homogeneous Pennsylvania and the everchanging<br />
population of Los Angeles."<br />
Isherwood wrote about his Quaker experience<br />
in various memoirs and based episodes<br />
in his novels on it as well. His com-<br />
An acute observer of<br />
human beings, Isherwood<br />
offers insight into religious<br />
issues . . . . Of particular<br />
interest is his emphasis upon<br />
the similarities between<br />
Q!Jakerism and Vedanta, a<br />
reform movement within<br />
Hinduism.<br />
mentaries from the recently published Diaries:<br />
Volume One: 1939-1960 give the reader<br />
a fuller account of the time, October 1941-<br />
July 1942, than was previously available,<br />
and a clearer sense of why he decided to<br />
become a member of the Vedanta Society<br />
rather than the Religious Society of <strong>Friends</strong>.<br />
Two of Isherwood's nonfiction works<br />
that also clarifY for the reader his religious<br />
choice are an eloquent, moving pamphlet,<br />
An Approach to Vedanta, about his discovery<br />
that he was a pacifist, and his last extended<br />
memoir, My Guru and His Disciple, about<br />
his friendship with Swami Prabhavananda,<br />
the head of the Vedanta Center in Hollywood<br />
and a close friend until<br />
Prabhavananda's death in 1976. In the pamphlet,<br />
Isherwood confesses that if he had not<br />
met Prabhavananda prior to going to Philadelphia,<br />
he might have become a Quaker<br />
and earlier "had every intention of doing<br />
so." He had reached that decision in spite of<br />
the misgivings of Gerald Heard, another<br />
English expatriate living in California, who<br />
was responsible for Isherwood's first acquaintance<br />
with Vedanta.<br />
By 1942, however, Isherwood felt that<br />
he, for primarily social reasons, could no<br />
G<br />
F<br />
s<br />
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