18 - World Journal of Gastroenterology
18 - World Journal of Gastroenterology
18 - World Journal of Gastroenterology
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
2628 ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R <strong>World</strong> J Gastroenterol May 14, 2007 Volume 13 Number <strong>18</strong><br />
characterized by the generation <strong>of</strong> fragmented nuclei with<br />
highly condensed chromatin, protrusion <strong>of</strong> cytoplasm,<br />
and formation <strong>of</strong> apoptotic bodies. It is a process <strong>of</strong><br />
cell-killing mechanism to keep homeostasis through the<br />
control <strong>of</strong> gene in physiological or pathological condition.<br />
Apoptosis plays an important role in keeping the normal<br />
conformation and function <strong>of</strong> tissues and organs. If<br />
certain gene mutations cause the apoptosis regulator<br />
decreasing, the cell mutated will survive and hyperplasia<br />
resulting in tumor for mation will happen. Some<br />
researchers [24-30] have determined that apoptosis is tightly<br />
related to the development <strong>of</strong> tumors. Our study showed<br />
that there was significant negative correlation between<br />
apoptosis and the degree <strong>of</strong> GIST differentiation.<br />
The telomere decurtates along with the mitosis. But<br />
when the telomere decurtates to some extent, apoptosis<br />
will occur due to the loss <strong>of</strong> the ability <strong>of</strong> mitosis. On the<br />
other hand, the telomerase in the cell might be activated,<br />
which would make the function <strong>of</strong> telomere recovered [31] .<br />
In our study, a remarkably negative correlation was<br />
observed between the telomerase activity <strong>of</strong> GIST and<br />
apoptosis. Moreover, a positive correlation was found<br />
between the telomerase activity and the expression level <strong>of</strong><br />
p53 and bcl-2 genes. Our conclusion is consistent to some<br />
previous reports [17,21] , while opposite to others [22,23] .<br />
In summary, the detection <strong>of</strong> telomerase activity,<br />
apoptosis and its control genes in GIST will be helpful<br />
for the discrimination <strong>of</strong> the malignant and benign GIST<br />
and evaluation <strong>of</strong> the prognosis. It would be a potential<br />
method for screening <strong>of</strong> a suitable therapeutic regimen<br />
specific to GIST to make telomerase or apoptosis as a<br />
curative target. More work should be done for further<br />
research on it.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
1 Mazur MT, Clark HB. Gastric stromal tumors. Reappraisal <strong>of</strong><br />
histogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol 1983; 7: 507-519<br />
2 Wan DS. Improve the diagnosis and treatment <strong>of</strong> gastric<br />
stromal tumors. Zhonghua Weichang Waike Zazhi 2003; 6:<br />
285-287<br />
3 Wan DS, Wu XJ, Liang XM, Luo RZ, Pan ZZ, Chen G, Lu<br />
ZH, Ding PR. Surgery treatment <strong>of</strong> gastric stromal tumors.<br />
Zhonghua Weichang Waike Zazhi 2003; 6: 292-294<br />
4 Zhang CW, Zhao DJ, Zhou SC, Qiu HS. Diagnosis and<br />
treatment <strong>of</strong> gastric stromal tumors. Zhonghua Weichang Waike<br />
Zazhi 2003; 6: 288-291<br />
5 Zhang S, Wan DS. Progress <strong>of</strong> gastric stromal tumors<br />
diagnosis and treatment. Zhonghua Weichang Waike Zazhi 2003;<br />
6: 347-349<br />
6 Yan H, Marchettini P, Acherman YI, Gething SA, Brun E,<br />
Sugarbaker PH. Prognostic assessment <strong>of</strong> gastrointestinal<br />
stromal tumor. Am J Clin Oncol 2003; 26: 221-228<br />
7 Kitamura Y, Hirota S, Nishida T. Gastrointestinal stromal<br />
tumors (GIST): a model for molecule-based diagnosis and<br />
treatment <strong>of</strong> solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 315-320<br />
8 Ji XL, Zhao HL. New recognization <strong>of</strong> gastrointestial stromal<br />
tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 1998; 6; 625-627<br />
9 Fang XM, Yu JP, Luo HS. The relationship <strong>of</strong> hTeRT, P16<br />
expression and telomerase activity in carcinoma <strong>of</strong> large<br />
intestine. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2002; 10: 12-14<br />
www.wjgnet.com<br />
10 Yang SM, Fang DQ, Yang JL, Luo YH, Lu R, Liu WW. The<br />
effect <strong>of</strong> hTRT antisense gene on expression <strong>of</strong> gastric cancer<br />
telomerase and apoptosis related genes. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua<br />
Zazhi 2002; 10: 149-152<br />
11 Li GX, Li GQ, Zhao CZ, Xu GL. the relationship <strong>of</strong> telomerase<br />
hTRT and antioncogene P53 and P16 expression in gastric<br />
cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2002; 10: 591-593<br />
12 Yu HS, Zheng GS, Sun JZ, Gao QA, Xu YX, Liu HL, Li H, Ren<br />
DX, Li SM, Huang MZ. the significance <strong>of</strong> telomerse detection<br />
in esophagus precancerous lesion. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi<br />
2003; 11: 342-343<br />
13 Kim NW. Clinical implications <strong>of</strong> telomerase in cancer. Eur J<br />
Cancer 1997; 33: 781-786<br />
14 Dahse R, Fiedler W, Ernst G. Telomeres and telomerase:<br />
biological and clinical importance. Clin Chem 1997; 43: 708-714<br />
15 Shay JW, Bacchetti S. A survey <strong>of</strong> telomerase activity in<br />
human cancer. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33: 787-791<br />
16 Zakian VA. Life and cancer without telomerase. Cell 1997;<br />
91: 1-3<br />
17 Ma JP, Zhan WH. Telomeres and telomerase in gastrointestinal<br />
cancer. Guowai Yixue Waike Fence 1997; 14: 194-196<br />
<strong>18</strong> Nowak J, Januszkiewicz D, Lewandowski K, Nowicka-<br />
Kujawska K, Pernak M, Rembowska J, Nowak T, Wysocki J.<br />
Activity and expression <strong>of</strong> human telomerase in normal and<br />
malignant cells in gastric and colon cancer patients. Eur J<br />
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 15: 75-80<br />
19 Usselmann B, Newbold M, Morris AG, Nwokolo CU.<br />
Telomerase activity and patient survival after surgery for<br />
gastric and oesophageal cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol<br />
2001; 13: 903-908<br />
20 Goytisolo FA, Samper E, Martin-Caballero J, Finnon P,<br />
Herrera E, Flores JM, Bouffler SD, Blasco MA. Short telomeres<br />
result in organismal hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in<br />
mammals. J Exp Med 2000; 192: 1625-1636<br />
21 Mandal M, Kumar R. Bcl-2 modulates telomerase activity. J<br />
Biol Chem 1997; 272: 14<strong>18</strong>3-14<strong>18</strong>7<br />
22 Milas M, Yu D, Sun D, Pollock RE. Telomerase activity <strong>of</strong><br />
sarcoma cell lines and fibroblasts is independent <strong>of</strong> p53 status.<br />
Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4: 1573-1579<br />
23 Oishi T, Kigawa J, Minagawa Y, Shimada M, Takahashi M,<br />
Terakawa N. Alteration <strong>of</strong> telomerase activity associated with<br />
development and extension <strong>of</strong> epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet<br />
Gynecol 1998; 91: 568-571<br />
24 Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. Identification <strong>of</strong><br />
programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling <strong>of</strong> nuclear<br />
DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 1992; 119: 493-501<br />
25 Terada T, Nakanuma Y. Detection <strong>of</strong> apoptosis and expression<br />
<strong>of</strong> apoptosis-related proteins during human intrahepatic bile<br />
duct development. Am J Pathol 1995; 146: 67-74<br />
26 Tong J, Hu GL, Fan XG, Tan DM. The effect <strong>of</strong> hepatitis c<br />
viruses nuclei protein and apoptosis on HepG2 cellcycle. Shijie<br />
Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11: 350-352<br />
27 Liu HF, Liu WW, Fang DQ, Gao JH, Wang ZH. HP induced<br />
gastric epithelial cell apoptosis, hypertrophy and P53<br />
expression. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2001; 9: 1265-1268<br />
28 Pan CJ, Liu KY. Gastric cancer hypertrophy, apoptosis and<br />
expression <strong>of</strong> contral genes. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003;<br />
11: 526-530<br />
29 Wang JM, Zhou Q, Zhou SQ. Apoptosis <strong>of</strong> hepatocytes in rat<br />
<strong>of</strong> obstructive jaundice and expression <strong>of</strong> apoptotic related<br />
genes bcl-2 and bax. Zhonghua Shiyan Waike Zazhi 2000; 17:<br />
32-33<br />
30 Yuan RW, Ding Q, Jiang HY. Pancrease cancer Bcl-2, Bax<br />
expression and cell apoptosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi<br />
1999; 7: 851-854<br />
31 Wright WE, Brasiskyte D, Piatyszek MA, Shay JW. Experimental<br />
elongation <strong>of</strong> telomeres extends the lifespan <strong>of</strong> immortal normal<br />
cell hybrids. EMBO J 1996; 15: 1734-1741<br />
S- Editor Wang J L- Editor Kumar M E- Editor Che YB