THE LARGER INTERNET II TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT Fiber ...

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148 CHAPTER 3 The Internet and World Wide Web Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) a early version of Generalized Markup Language (GML) look for the information. For example, in the following URL: http://www.megacorp. com/content/features/082602.html http=the protocol used to display Web pages www.megacorp.com = domain name content/features=the directory path that identifies where on the domain Web server the page is stored 082602.html=document name and its format (an html page) The most common domain extensions currently available and officially sanctioned by ICANN are shown in the list below. Countries also have domain names such as .uk, .au, and .fr (United Kingdom, Australia, and France). Also shown in the list below are recently approved top-level domains .biz and .info, as well as new domains under consideration. In the near future, this list will expand to include many more types of organizations and industries. .com Commercial organizations/businesses .edu Educational institutions .gov U.S. government agencies .mil U.S. military .net Network computers .org Nonprofit organizations and foundations New Top-Level Domains approved May 15, 2001: .biz business firms .info information providers New Top-Level Domains proposed: .aero Air transport industry . .coop Cooperatives .museum Museums .name Individuals .pro Professionals MARKUP LANGUAGES Although the most common Web page formatting language is HTML, the concept behind document formatting actually had its roots in the 1960s with the development of Generalized Markup Language (GML). SGML. In 1986, the International Standards Organization adopted a variation of GML called Standard Generalized Markup Language, or SGML. The purpose of
FIGURE 3.18 EXAMPLE HTML CODE (A) AND WEB PAGE (B) (a) (b) SGML was to help very large organizations format and categorize large collections of documents. The advantage of SGML is that it can run independent of any software program but, unfortunately, it is extremely complicated and difficult to learn. Probably for this reason, it has not been widely adopted. HTML HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a GML that is relatively easy to use. HTML provides Web page designers with a fixed set of markup “tags” that are used to format a Web page (see Figure 3.18). When these tags are inserted into a Web page, they are read by the browser and interpreted into a page display. You can see the source HTML code for any Web page by simply clicking on the “Page Source” command found in all browsers. In Figure 3.18, the HTML code in the first screen produces the display in the second screen. HTML functions to define the structure and style of a document, including the headings, graphic positioning, tables, and text formatting. 5 Since its introduction, the T he World Wide Web 149 HTML is a text markup language used to create Web pages. It has a fixed set of “tags” that are used to tell the browser software how to present the content on screen. The HTML shown in Figure 3.18 (a) creates the Web page seen in Figure 3.18 (b). 5 A detailed discussion of how to use HTML is beyond the scope of this text. The reader is referred to The Web Wizard’s Guide to HTML by Wendy Lehnert (Addison-Wesley, 2002). HTML (HyperText Markup Language) one of the next generation of GMLs that is relatively easy to use in Web page design. HTML provides Web page designers with a fixed set of markup “tags” that are used to format a Web page
Page 1 and 2: THE LARGER INTERNET II TECHNOLOGY E
Page 3 and 4: TABLE 3.5 MAJOR PHOTONICS OPPORTUNI
Page 5 and 6: INSIGHT ON BUSINESS Internet II: Th
Page 7 and 8: Internet II: The Future Infrastruct
Page 9 and 10: FIGURE 3.17 IP MULTICASTING A Unica
Page 11: text on a Web page and displayed it
Page 15 and 16: FIGURE 3.19 SAMPLE XML CODE Sample
Page 17 and 18: • Search engine — Just as searc
Page 19 and 20: when compared to banner ad response
Page 21 and 22: tion of interest to users, such as
Page 23 and 24: T he Internet and the Web: Features
Page 25 and 26: over 5,000 Ford and Lincoln Mercury
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 3.22 THE GROWTH OF INTERNET
Page 29 and 30: T he Internet and the Web: Features
Page 31 and 32: advancing to the next level of a ga
Page 33 and 34: The history of the Internet can be
Page 35 and 36: andwidth and expanded connections o
Page 37 and 38: 2. What is latency and how does it
Page 39: WEB SITE RESOURCES www.LearnE-comme

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