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158 CHAPTER 3 The Internet and World Wide Web chat enables users to communicate via computer in real time, that is, simultaneously. Unlike IM, chat can occur among several users. TABLE 3.8 TYPES OF WEB BOTS TYPE EXAMPLE Search Bot Altavista.com Webcrawler.com Shopping Bot MySimon.com Jango.com DealTime.com Update Bot UrlyWarning.com News Bot WebClipping.com Sportspider.net Chatter Bot Lucy (ArtificialLife.com) Eve (eGain.com) Nicole (NativeMinds.com) America Online (AOL) was the first to introduce a widely accepted Instant Messaging system several years ago, which is credited with the company’s sudden surge in users. AOL’s system is proprietary. One of the key components of an IM service is a buddy list, as AOL called it. The buddy list is a private list of people with whom you might want to communicate. If a person is on your buddy list, AOL will alert you when that individual signs on, enabling an IM to be sent. The downside is that IM systems are proprietary — no standard has been set yet — so that competing sites have created their own IM services. Yahoo has IM, as does MSN, but neither works in conjunction with the others. Interestingly, despite the wild popularity of such services, no one seems to know yet how to make money from it. AOL, Yahoo, and MSN have all offered IM free to their users and have no immediate plans to start charging a fee. True, it is a marketing draw that brings in new users, but that doesn’t necessarily translate into profits. Nevertheless, some companies have added IM to their Web sites as a means of offering instant access to customer service. For example, Sotheby’s, an auction house, encourages visitors to chat live with a Sotheby’s representative online. The hope is that by encouraging consumers’ need for immediate gratification — whether in the form of a question answered or product ordered — IM will boost revenues and customer satisfaction. CHAT Like IM, chat enables users to communicate via computer in real time, that is, simultaneously. However, unlike IM, which can only work between two people, chat can occur between several users.
T he Internet and the Web: Features 159 For many Web sites, developing a community of like-minded users has been critical for their growth and success. Just look at eBay.com, which would probably have been unsuccessful without its corps of auction fans, or About.com, which exists to serve communities of consumers with similar interests. Once those community members come together on a site, chat can be a service that enables them to further bond and network, endearing them further to the Web site. Chat is also used frequently in distance learning, for class discussions and online discussions sponsored by a company. When a celebrity appears on an entertainment Web site, for example, they use chat software in order to see and respond to questions from audience members out in cyberspace. MUSIC, VIDEO, AND O<strong>THE</strong>R STANDARD FILES Although the low bandwidth of Internet I era connections has made audio and video files more difficult to share, with Internet <strong>II</strong>, these files will become more commonplace. Today it is possible to send and receive files containing music or other audio information, video clips, animation, photographs, and other images, although the download times can be very long, especially for those using a 56 Kbps modem. Video clips, Flash animations, and photo images are now routinely displayed either as part of Web sites, or sent as attached files. Companies that want to demonstrate use of their product have found video clips to be extremely effective. And audio reports and discussions have also become commonplace, either as marketing materials or customer reports. Photos, of course, have become an important element of most Web sites, helping to make site designs more interesting and eye catching, not to mention helping to sell products, just as catalogs do. STREAMING MEDIA Streaming media enables music, video, and other large files to be sent to users in chunks so that when received and played, the file comes through uninterrupted. Streamed files must be viewed “live”: They cannot be stored on client hard drives. RealAudio and RealVideo are the most widely used streaming tools. Streaming audio and video segments used in Web ads or CNN news stories are perhaps the most frequently used streaming services. Macromedia’s Shockwave is commonly used to stream audio and video for instructional purposes. Macromedia’s Flash vector graphics program is the fastest growing streaming audio and video tool. Flash has the advantage of being built into most client browsers; no plug-in is required to play Flash files. COOKIES Cookies are a tool used by Web sites to store information about a user. When a visitor enters a Web site, the site sends a small text file (the cookie) to the user’s computer streaming media enables music, video, and other large files to be sent to users in chunks so that when received and played, the file comes through uninterrupted cookie a tool used by Web sites to store information about a user. When a visitor enters a Web site, the site sends a small text file (the cookie) to the user’s computer so that information from the site can be loaded more quickly on future visits. The cookie can contain any information desired by the site designers
Page 1 and 2: THE LARGER INTERNET II TECHNOLOGY E
Page 3 and 4: TABLE 3.5 MAJOR PHOTONICS OPPORTUNI
Page 5 and 6: INSIGHT ON BUSINESS Internet II: Th
Page 7 and 8: Internet II: The Future Infrastruct
Page 9 and 10: FIGURE 3.17 IP MULTICASTING A Unica
Page 11 and 12: text on a Web page and displayed it
Page 13 and 14: FIGURE 3.18 EXAMPLE HTML CODE (A) A
Page 15 and 16: FIGURE 3.19 SAMPLE XML CODE Sample
Page 17 and 18: • Search engine — Just as searc
Page 19 and 20: when compared to banner ad response
Page 21: tion of interest to users, such as
Page 25 and 26: over 5,000 Ford and Lincoln Mercury
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 3.22 THE GROWTH OF INTERNET
Page 29 and 30: T he Internet and the Web: Features
Page 31 and 32: advancing to the next level of a ga
Page 33 and 34: The history of the Internet can be
Page 35 and 36: andwidth and expanded connections o
Page 37 and 38: 2. What is latency and how does it
Page 39: WEB SITE RESOURCES www.LearnE-comme

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