Journal of History and Culture Journal of History and Culture

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Acknowledgements j o u r n a l o f h i s t o r y a n d c u l t u r e It is difficult to adequately express my gratitude for the unselfish contributions made by family, friends, and professors throughout my doctoral studies; however, a number of persons I acknowledge here have been especially valuable to me these past years. However, for the present article, I owe a major debt of gratitude to Dr. Akel Kahera, whose direction, encouragement, and support prompted me to extend my research on this educational debate. 24
j o u r n a l o f h i s t o r y a n d c u l t u r e END NOT ES 1 http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Edumaction 2 Booker T. Washington, Principal’s Annual Report. Unpublished manuscript, Tuskegee Institute. BTW Papers, (Library of Congress: 1902). 3 W. E. B. Du Bois, “The Souls of Black Folk.” Chicago: A.C. (McClurg & Co., 1903) 31. 4 Charles A Harper, “A Century of Public Teacher Education”, (Greenwood Press, Publishers, Westport, CT, 1970). 5 Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915. (New York: Oxford University Press: 1983) 175. 6 W. E. B. Du Bois, “Of the Training of Black Men.” (Atlantic Monthly 90: 1902) 292. 7 Ibid. 292. 8 Richard K. Dozier, Tuskegee: Booker T. Washington’s contribution to the education of black architects. (A Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan, 1990). 9 Meltem O Gurel and Kathyrn H. Anthony, The canon and the void: Gender, Race and the architectural history texts. Journal for Architectural Education, vol 59, 66. 10 David M. Nicol and Simon Pilling, (Eds.) Changing architectural education: Towards a new professionalism. (New York: Spon Press 2000) 1. 11 C. B. Steiner, Can the canon burst? Art Bulletin, June 1996: 78/2, 217. 12 Gurel and Anthony 66. 13 Kathryn Anthony, Designing for diversity: Gender, race, and ethnicity in the architectural profession. (University of Illinois Press, 2001) 135. 14 Du Bois “Of the Training of Black Men.” 293. 15 Ibid. 16 Harlan 175. 17 Ibid 176. 18 Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991) Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, MA: University of Cambridge Press. 19 Harold R. D Gordon, The history and growth of vocational education in America. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999) 18. 20 Ibid. 18. 21 John Dewey, An undemocratic proposal. In M. Lazerson & W. N. Grubb (Ed.), (1974). American Education and Vocationalism: A documentary history 1870- 1970. (New York: Teachers College Press, 1913) 146. 22 Tuskegee Institute: The School of Mechanical Industries (Department of Printing, Tuskegee Institute Alabama, 1947). 23 Ibid. 13. 24 Jeffrey L. Beard, Michael C. Sr Loulakis, Edward C. Wundram, Design Build: Planning Through Development, (McGraw-Hill, New York 2001) 13. 25 Du Bois “Of the Training of Black Men” 294. 26 Ibid 297. 27 Dozier. 28 Mitchell 26. 29 Beth Johnson, “The Pedagogy of Booker T. Washington Embodied in Architecture” Article presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, (NA, Atlanta, GA, Sep 26, 2006). . 46 Ibid. 47 Du Bois “The Souls of Black Folk” 89. 48 Du Bois “Of the Training of Black Men” 294. 25
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