REYKJAVÍK, ICELAND AUGUST 11-13, 2008 - Veðurstofa Íslands

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attempts at quantification indicate a “Nordic” level of activity between 5 and 15 % of global totals. The impact is many-sided, including research, education, activities in international bodies, programmes and forums, and development cooperation, with emphasis on operational and applied hydrology. Hydrological knowledge is an indispensable basis for water resources planning and management. Interdisciplinarity is therefore increasingly important, as reflected particularly in the sectors of water education and water-related development cooperation. The need for sustainable water management in order to meet global water problems has stimulated important Nordic interest. Regarding “impact sectors”, there is for obvious reasons an emphasis on Northern “specialties”: glaciers, snow and ice, lakes, and hydropower. However, even non-specific topics like stochastic hydrology, groundwater hydrology, droughts and floods, air pollution impacts, urban runoff and wastewater treatment, have attracted much attention among Northern hydrologists, and with good results. An interesting observation, which probably is universal, is the power of attraction exerted by water, to make people of highly different backgrounds devote their professional energy to hydrology. Excellent contributions have been made by Nordic physicists, chemists, climatologists, geologists, botanists and physicians, - even diplomats. We are all fascinated by water. REFERENCES Several colleagues have given valuable comments to this paper, based on their own knowledge of Nordic hydrologists and their international contributions. I am pleased to recognize with much appreciation numerous suggestions from Randi Pytte Asvall, Klas Cederwall, Lars Gottschalk, Hege Hisdal, Lars Nordberg, Markku Puupponen, Dan Rosbjerg and Rune Rosland. The list of references includes several examples of joint NordicnonNordic authorship of major publications; another indication of global professional impact. Publications referred to in the text and the annexes: AIHS, Association Internationale d’Hydrologie Scientifique (1948): Assamblée Générale d’Oslo, Tome I-III, IAHS publ. 29. Arnell, N. (2002): Hydrology and global environmental change. Prentice Hall, 346p. Beldring, S (2002): Multi-criteria validation of a precipitation-runoff model Journal of hydrology 257 (1-4), p. 189-2<strong>11</strong> Bergström, S. (1992): The HBV model - its structure and applications. SMHI Reports RH 4 26
Bogen, J., Walling, D.E. and Day, T.J. eds. (1992): Erosion and sediment transport monitoring programmes in river basins. IAHS publ. no. 210, 538+ x Brun, A., Engesgaard, P., Christensen, T.H. and Rosbjerg, D. (2002): Modelling of transport and biogeochemical processes in pollution plumes: Vejen landfill, Denmark. Journal of hydrology 256 (3-4), p. 228-247 Dansgaard, W. (2005): Frozen annals. Greenland ice cap research. Niels Bohr Institute, 124 p Devik, O. (1932): Thermische und dynamische Bedingungen der Eisbildung in Wasserläufen, auf norwegische Verhältnisse angewandt. Geophysica Norvegica, vol IX Engeset, R.V. (2000): Change detection and monitoring of glaciers and snow using satellite microwave imaging. Oslo University. D.Sc. thesis Eriksson, E., Gustafsson, Y. and Nilsson, K. eds. (1968): Ground water problems. Pergamon Press, 223 p Falkenmark, M. and Chapman, T.G. (1989): Comparative hydrology; an ecological approach to land and water resources. Unesco, 479 p Falkenmark, M. and Rockström, J. (2005): The new blue and green water paradigm. http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0602857 Fenger, J. ed. (2007): Impacts of climate change on renewable energy sources. Their role in the Nordic energy system. Nordic Council of Ministers, Nord 2007, 3, 190 p Forum for utvikling og miljø, ForUM (2005): Tørke i norsk vannbistand Gjessing, Y., Hagen, J.O., Hassel, K.A., Sand, K. and Wold, B. eds. (1991): Arctic hydrology. Present and future tasks. Norw, natl. comm.. for hydrol., Rept 23, 224 p Haddeland, I., Lettenmaier, D.P. and Skaugen, T. (2006): Effects of irrigation on the water balance of the Colorado and Mekong river basins. J. Hydrol. 324 (1), p.210-223 Hisdal, H., Stahl, K, Tallaksen, L.M. and Demuth, S. (2001): Have streamflow droughts in Europe become more severe or frequent? International journal of climatology 21 (3) p. 317+ IAHR (1994): Proceedings of the 12 th International Symposium on Ice, 3 vols. <strong>11</strong>26 p IAHS (1973): Hydrology of lakes, Helsinki symposium. IAHS Publ. no 109, 522 + xiv p Johansson, I. ed. (1983): Nordic Glossary of Hydrology, Almqvist & Wiksell Interntl., 224 p Kuittinen, R. (1989): Determination of snow water equivalents by using NOAA-satellite images, gamma ray spectrometry and field measurements. IAHS publ. nr.186 König, M., Winther, J-G. & Isaksson, E. (2001): Measuring Snow and Glacier Ice Properties from Satellite. Reviews of Geophysics 39(1), 1-27 27
Page 1 and 2: NORTHERN HYDROLOGY AND ITS GLOBAL R
Page 3 and 4: NORTHERN HYDROLOGY AND ITS GLOBAL R
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 Preface .
Page 7 and 8: Session 4: Uncertainty And Extremes
Page 9 and 10: Astrid Voksø: Using Gis To Calcula
Page 11: PREFACE This is the fifth Nordic Hy
Page 15 and 16: NORTHERN HYDROLOGISTS AND THEIR GLO
Page 17 and 18: In more recent years, Nordic hydrol
Page 19 and 20: a pioneer in Finland’s ice invest
Page 21 and 22: water that can be withdrawn e.g. fo
Page 23 and 24: initiated through Nordic IHD cooper
Page 25 and 26: consolidation of hydrological inves
Page 27: field, like internal or external po
Page 31 and 32: Tallaksen, L. and van Lanen, H.A.J.
Page 33 and 34: Annex 2 Non-exhaustive list of posi
Page 35 and 36: NORDIC HYDROLOGY IN CLIMATE CHANGE
Page 37 and 38: Lake Urriðavatn is rich on vegetat
Page 39 and 40: under strict requirements on enviro
Page 41 and 42: • The treatment of stormwater is
Page 43 and 44: By using StormTac the concentration
Page 45 and 46: The IKEA lot on the peninsula north
Page 47: SESSION 2: ARCTIC HYDROLOGY AND GLA
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTION The problem of the ass
Page 52 and 53: The first approach is based on a co
Page 54 and 55: In accordance with a tendency towar
Page 56 and 57: ARCTIC HYDRA: THE ARCTIC HYDROLOGIC
Page 58 and 59: increases) is affecting natural sys
Page 60 and 61: • To provide feedback to data pro
Page 62 and 63: SPATIAL PATTERNS OF DECLINE IN PAN-
Page 64 and 65: (CGCM2, ECHAM4 and CCSR/NIES) and t
Page 66 and 67: decreasing monitoring density have
Page 68 and 69: 2002. Increasing river discharge to
Page 70 and 71: for glaciated catchments, where hig
Page 72 and 73: from 1996 to 2001, and the model wa
Page 74 and 75: Figure 1. Change in precipitation (
Page 76 and 77: the other hand, a raise throughout
Page 78 and 79:
Duration of a seasonal snow cover f
Page 80 and 81:
still be snow available during the
Page 82 and 83:
Laternser, M. Schneebeli, M. 2003.
Page 84 and 85:
THERMAL DYNAMICS OF SUB-ARCTIC LAKE
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 1. Lake Lagarfljót site wit
Page 88 and 89:
temperature of maximum density (4°
Page 90 and 91:
Using the observed temperature diff
Page 92 and 93:
temperature of river relative to di
Page 94 and 95:
This analysis suggests that lake in
Page 96 and 97:
THE INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 1. Discharge measured at Sve
Page 100 and 101:
due to increasing strain in the ice
Page 102 and 103:
DISCUSSION A jökulhlaup from the W
Page 104 and 105:
HYDROLOGIC MODELING OF TWO CANADIAN
Page 106 and 107:
THE SLURP MODEL The SLURP (“Semi-
Page 108 and 109:
The models were calibrated using st
Page 110 and 111:
Monthly runoff Observed and simulat
Page 112 and 113:
Depth [mm] Depth [mm] 1000 800 600
Page 114 and 115:
RADIATION BUDGET IN A SNOW-COVERED
Page 116 and 117:
ICE CONDITIONS IN THE GULF OF RIGA
Page 118 and 119:
Different approach for classificati
Page 120 and 121:
2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Page 122 and 123:
REFERENCES Kostjukov J. 2002. Ice c
Page 124 and 125:
Hydrological modelling is represent
Page 126 and 127:
PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGIES OF ICELA
Page 128 and 129:
induced by a rapid temperature incr
Page 130 and 131:
the elapsed time since the most rec
Page 132 and 133:
debris apron formation and/or debri
Page 134 and 135:
Malin, M.C., Edgett, K.S., Posiolov
Page 136 and 137:
134
Page 138 and 139:
significant increases in atmospheri
Page 140 and 141:
P,mm 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 1
Page 142 and 143:
a days b days c Pmm 30 25 20 15 10
Page 144 and 145:
Libiseller, C., Grimvall, A. 2002.
Page 146 and 147:
Johnsson and Lundin (1991), Baker a
Page 148 and 149:
Figure 2. Conceptual framework for
Page 150 and 151:
Number of days with snow (avg.temp<
Page 152 and 153:
Negative correlation Positive corre
Page 154 and 155:
Soils. U.S. Army Cold Reg. Res. and
Page 156 and 157:
LOW FLOW INDEX MAP FOR NORWAY - INT
Page 158 and 159:
catchments derived automatically fr
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 1. Catchment defined from a
Page 162 and 163:
LONG-TERM CHANGES IN DISCHARGE REGI
Page 164 and 165:
Table 1. Discharge observation peri
Page 166 and 167:
DISCHARGE REGIME IN FINLAND Precipi
Page 168 and 169:
not higher than 10%. Trends at the
Page 170 and 171:
COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES There
Page 172 and 173:
Hyvärinen, V. and Vehviläinen, B.
Page 174 and 175:
Kļaviņš et al. (2004), and river
Page 176 and 177:
Table 1. Distribution of total annu
Page 178 and 179:
and downward trend in 10 of 18 hydr
Page 180 and 181:
Table 2. The results of Mann-Kendal
Page 182 and 183:
Ration Q 30cold / Q annual mean 3 2
Page 184 and 185:
INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING
Page 186 and 187:
Figure 1. Location of catchments us
Page 188 and 189:
two GCMs, two emission scenarios an
Page 190 and 191:
Percentage at or below given value
Page 192 and 193:
Beldring, S., Engeland, K., Roald,
Page 194 and 195:
• Increased precipitation, larges
Page 196 and 197:
Consequences are that the model sho
Page 198 and 199:
Figure 2. Measured and calculated h
Page 200 and 201:
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Figure 2
Page 202 and 203:
STUDY OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR
Page 204 and 205:
The latest version METQ2007BDOPT an
Page 206 and 207:
scenario climate from 2071 to 2100
Page 208 and 209:
Table 2. Optimal parameter values o
Page 210 and 211:
Table 3. The obtained statistical c
Page 212 and 213:
MODELLING OF CURRENT AND FUTURE WAT
Page 214 and 215:
RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ALTE
Page 216 and 217:
companies such as Statoil, Norsk Hy
Page 218 and 219:
Therefore, the second project was o
Page 220 and 221:
2. Development of new technical sol
Page 222 and 223:
220
Page 224 and 225:
222
Page 226 and 227:
physical consistency. Finally, poss
Page 228 and 229:
common weather state, modelled by t
Page 230 and 231:
55 ° N 60 ° N 0 ° 5 ° E 10 ° E
Page 232 and 233:
Modelled lag-0 cross-correlation Mo
Page 234 and 235:
Weather states 100 125 0 0.25 0.5 0
Page 236 and 237:
moisturized by the Baltic Sea. Thus
Page 238 and 239:
DYNAMICAL DOWNSCALING OF PRECIPITAT
Page 240 and 241:
64 ◦ N and 19.5 ◦ W, with a hor
Page 242 and 243:
Figure 2: Overview of the six ice c
Page 244 and 245:
Areal integrals of winter balance o
Page 246 and 247:
comparatively high altitude outlet
Page 248 and 249:
DYNAMICAL DOWNSCALING OF PRECIPITAT
Page 250 and 251:
tions to agree with measurements in
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 3: Ratio [%] of "false alarm
Page 254 and 255:
events (only observed precipitation
Page 256 and 257:
Table 1: Comparison of observed and
Page 258 and 259:
A SCALING METHOD FOR APPLYING RCM S
Page 260 and 261:
al., 1997) for Torpshammar, but for
Page 262 and 263:
where αObs and βObs, αObs,95 and
Page 264 and 265:
Figure 3. Distribution of precipita
Page 266 and 267:
captured. The inclusion of a second
Page 268 and 269:
THE NET EFFECT OF SAMPLE VARIABILIT
Page 270 and 271:
the range of interest, i.e. all the
Page 272 and 273:
Algorithm 1 For u = 1, K, U 1. for
Page 274 and 275:
Table 1. Description of the eight g
Page 276 and 277:
that the total variance can be well
Page 278 and 279:
INTRODUCTION The Icelandic hydromet
Page 280 and 281:
BAYESIAN STATISTICS Bayesian statis
Page 282 and 283:
and discharge adequately. One accep
Page 284 and 285:
Figure 3. The same rating curves as
Page 286 and 287:
in publication by Reitan and Peters
Page 288 and 289:
FLOOD RISK OF COASTAL AREAS TALLINN
Page 290 and 291:
from the hydrometric station Pirita
Page 292 and 293:
measurements in Tallinn coastal sta
Page 294 and 295:
Table 2. The obtained maximum water
Page 296 and 297:
Klibasev, К. And Goroskov, I, 1970
Page 298 and 299:
INTRODUCTION This study is on the f
Page 300 and 301:
Intensitet [l/s·ha] 1000 100 10 Re
Page 302 and 303:
Intensitet [l/s·ha] Intensitet [l/
Page 304 and 305:
ON THE ROAD TO A NEW NATIONAL HYDRO
Page 306 and 307:
Table 1. Main polygons and lines in
Page 308 and 309:
A) B) C) D) Figure 2. Different typ
Page 310 and 311:
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REYKJAVÍK, ICELAND AUGUST 11-13, 2008 - Veðurstofa Íslands

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