REYKJAVÍK, ICELAND AUGUST 11-13, 2008 - Veðurstofa Íslands

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URBAN HYDROLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE AT LAKE URRIDAVATN IN GARDABAER, <strong>ICELAND</strong> Sveinn T. Thorolfsson Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Phone; 47+73594753, Fax; 47-73591298, e-mail: sveinn.thorolfsson@ntnu.no ABSTRACT This paper describes the comprehensive study of the urban hydrology (UH) and the selection of stormwater management solutions at Lake Urriðavatn. Urban hydrology involves both water quantity and water quality. Lake Urriðavatn is located in the municipality of Garðabær, ca 15 km southwest of the capital of Iceland, Reykjavik. According to the Master plan for Garðabær, 1995–2015 the area is to be urbanized, while the lava peninsula north of Lake Urriðavatn is to be protected against urbanization. Lake Urriðavatn is rich on vegetation, fish and bird life. The goal for Lake Urriðavatn is to keep it as untouched as possible, by taking care of the water and the land environment in the watershed. By selecting Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) the goals may be achieved and the natural water resources of Lake Urriðavatn will be acceptable, but the water quality Class B has to be accepted for some parameters. The IKEA lot on the lava peninsula north of Lake Urriðavatn is finished implemented with SUDS solutions and it is functioning well Lake Urriðavatn. Keywords: Integrated stormwater management (ISM), Lake Urriðavatn, Stormwater Management (SWM), Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Urbanhydrology (UH), Urbanization. INTRODCUTION Lake Urriðavatn is located in the municipality of Garðabær, ca 15 km southwest the capital of Iceland, Reykjavik. According to the Master plan for Garðabær, 1995–2015 the area at Lake Urriðavatn is to be urbanized. The plans include new homes, businesses, retail parks, service centers and industrial areas. In addition the plan includes competence centers and schools, university and research buildings etc. 34
Lake Urriðavatn is rich on vegetation, fish and bird life, which is not to be degraded during the urbanization. Lake Urridavatn itself and its nearest surroundings are protected from all disturbances. The lava peninsula north of Lake Urriðavatn is also protected against urbanization, because of its biological diversity and recreation. The goals for Lake Urridavatn are to keep it and its surroundings as untouched as possible. That means that the water quality class in Lake Urridavatn should unchanged and be as near Class A, untouched water, as possible. Therefore the ambitions on environmental friendly planning and implementation are high and the creations of high natural and high quality of living standards in the watershed are prioritized. I n the planning process, the need for stormwater management resulting water quality and quantity control became apparent, and the developer, Þekkingarhúsið EHF, announced an international competence on planning and development of stormwater management systems that were appropriate for the watershed. This competence was won by COWI LtD, Norway in cooperation with the author. This project has been conducted in collaboration with several partners in Iceland, such as Alta LtD, Landslag LtD, VST LtD, Hnit LtD, Municipality of Garðabær, the local pollution authority, the local health authority, ISOR (Íslenskar orkurannsóknir) and Háskólasetur í Hveragerði, and international partners such as the UK Architects John Thompson & Partners, London, UK. Alta LtD has been the coordinator. Stormwater management includes the principles of urban drainage, but it includes also wider environmental issues. They are of significance not only to engineers, but also to such as practitioners in environmental science, ecology, urbanhydrology, technology, policy and planning, geography, health studies etc. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) is a relatively new approach in urban drainage, where the stormwater is infiltrated and retained in the catchment and considered as a positive resource in the urban landscape, where aesthetics, multiple use and public acceptance of chosen technical solutions are important. SUDS are able to treat the stormwater and remove pollutants before the discharge of the stormwater, Stahre (2006) and Mays (2001). Integrated stormwater management (ISM) is also a term to describe this new approach. The term integrated underlines the multidisciplinary interest and the active involvement by different technical departments in a city such as planning, park & recreation, environment, drainage etc. The characteristic feature of the new approach is that ecological processes are involved, and utilization of the nature’s capability of handling water. Such processes are; flow equalization in open water courses, infiltration and percolation into the ground, fixing and biodegradation of pollutants in upper ground-level and uptake of pollutants by vegetation, Stahre (2006) and Mays (2001). 35
Page 1 and 2: NORTHERN HYDROLOGY AND ITS GLOBAL R
Page 3 and 4: NORTHERN HYDROLOGY AND ITS GLOBAL R
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 Preface .
Page 7 and 8: Session 4: Uncertainty And Extremes
Page 9 and 10: Astrid Voksø: Using Gis To Calcula
Page 11: PREFACE This is the fifth Nordic Hy
Page 15 and 16: NORTHERN HYDROLOGISTS AND THEIR GLO
Page 17 and 18: In more recent years, Nordic hydrol
Page 19 and 20: a pioneer in Finland’s ice invest
Page 21 and 22: water that can be withdrawn e.g. fo
Page 23 and 24: initiated through Nordic IHD cooper
Page 25 and 26: consolidation of hydrological inves
Page 27 and 28: field, like internal or external po
Page 29 and 30: Bogen, J., Walling, D.E. and Day, T
Page 31 and 32: Tallaksen, L. and van Lanen, H.A.J.
Page 33 and 34: Annex 2 Non-exhaustive list of posi
Page 35: NORDIC HYDROLOGY IN CLIMATE CHANGE
Page 39 and 40: under strict requirements on enviro
Page 41 and 42: • The treatment of stormwater is
Page 43 and 44: By using StormTac the concentration
Page 45 and 46: The IKEA lot on the peninsula north
Page 47: SESSION 2: ARCTIC HYDROLOGY AND GLA
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTION The problem of the ass
Page 52 and 53: The first approach is based on a co
Page 54 and 55: In accordance with a tendency towar
Page 56 and 57: ARCTIC HYDRA: THE ARCTIC HYDROLOGIC
Page 58 and 59: increases) is affecting natural sys
Page 60 and 61: • To provide feedback to data pro
Page 62 and 63: SPATIAL PATTERNS OF DECLINE IN PAN-
Page 64 and 65: (CGCM2, ECHAM4 and CCSR/NIES) and t
Page 66 and 67: decreasing monitoring density have
Page 68 and 69: 2002. Increasing river discharge to
Page 70 and 71: for glaciated catchments, where hig
Page 72 and 73: from 1996 to 2001, and the model wa
Page 74 and 75: Figure 1. Change in precipitation (
Page 76 and 77: the other hand, a raise throughout
Page 78 and 79: Duration of a seasonal snow cover f
Page 80 and 81: still be snow available during the
Page 82 and 83: Laternser, M. Schneebeli, M. 2003.
Page 84 and 85: THERMAL DYNAMICS OF SUB-ARCTIC LAKE
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 1. Lake Lagarfljót site wit
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temperature of maximum density (4°
Page 90 and 91:
Using the observed temperature diff
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temperature of river relative to di
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This analysis suggests that lake in
Page 96 and 97:
THE INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A
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Figure 1. Discharge measured at Sve
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due to increasing strain in the ice
Page 102 and 103:
DISCUSSION A jökulhlaup from the W
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HYDROLOGIC MODELING OF TWO CANADIAN
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THE SLURP MODEL The SLURP (“Semi-
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The models were calibrated using st
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Monthly runoff Observed and simulat
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Depth [mm] Depth [mm] 1000 800 600
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RADIATION BUDGET IN A SNOW-COVERED
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ICE CONDITIONS IN THE GULF OF RIGA
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Different approach for classificati
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2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
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REFERENCES Kostjukov J. 2002. Ice c
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Hydrological modelling is represent
Page 126 and 127:
PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGIES OF ICELA
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induced by a rapid temperature incr
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the elapsed time since the most rec
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debris apron formation and/or debri
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Malin, M.C., Edgett, K.S., Posiolov
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134
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significant increases in atmospheri
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P,mm 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 1
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a days b days c Pmm 30 25 20 15 10
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Libiseller, C., Grimvall, A. 2002.
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Johnsson and Lundin (1991), Baker a
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Figure 2. Conceptual framework for
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Number of days with snow (avg.temp<
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Negative correlation Positive corre
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Soils. U.S. Army Cold Reg. Res. and
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LOW FLOW INDEX MAP FOR NORWAY - INT
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catchments derived automatically fr
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Figure 1. Catchment defined from a
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LONG-TERM CHANGES IN DISCHARGE REGI
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Table 1. Discharge observation peri
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DISCHARGE REGIME IN FINLAND Precipi
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not higher than 10%. Trends at the
Page 170 and 171:
COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES There
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Hyvärinen, V. and Vehviläinen, B.
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Kļaviņš et al. (2004), and river
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Table 1. Distribution of total annu
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and downward trend in 10 of 18 hydr
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Table 2. The results of Mann-Kendal
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Ration Q 30cold / Q annual mean 3 2
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INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING
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Figure 1. Location of catchments us
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two GCMs, two emission scenarios an
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Percentage at or below given value
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Beldring, S., Engeland, K., Roald,
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• Increased precipitation, larges
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Consequences are that the model sho
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Figure 2. Measured and calculated h
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CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Figure 2
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STUDY OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR
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The latest version METQ2007BDOPT an
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scenario climate from 2071 to 2100
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Table 2. Optimal parameter values o
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Table 3. The obtained statistical c
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MODELLING OF CURRENT AND FUTURE WAT
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RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ALTE
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companies such as Statoil, Norsk Hy
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Therefore, the second project was o
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2. Development of new technical sol
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220
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222
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physical consistency. Finally, poss
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common weather state, modelled by t
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55 ° N 60 ° N 0 ° 5 ° E 10 ° E
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Modelled lag-0 cross-correlation Mo
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Weather states 100 125 0 0.25 0.5 0
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moisturized by the Baltic Sea. Thus
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DYNAMICAL DOWNSCALING OF PRECIPITAT
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64 ◦ N and 19.5 ◦ W, with a hor
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Figure 2: Overview of the six ice c
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Areal integrals of winter balance o
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comparatively high altitude outlet
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DYNAMICAL DOWNSCALING OF PRECIPITAT
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tions to agree with measurements in
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 3: Ratio [%] of "false alarm
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events (only observed precipitation
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Table 1: Comparison of observed and
Page 258 and 259:
A SCALING METHOD FOR APPLYING RCM S
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al., 1997) for Torpshammar, but for
Page 262 and 263:
where αObs and βObs, αObs,95 and
Page 264 and 265:
Figure 3. Distribution of precipita
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captured. The inclusion of a second
Page 268 and 269:
THE NET EFFECT OF SAMPLE VARIABILIT
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the range of interest, i.e. all the
Page 272 and 273:
Algorithm 1 For u = 1, K, U 1. for
Page 274 and 275:
Table 1. Description of the eight g
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that the total variance can be well
Page 278 and 279:
INTRODUCTION The Icelandic hydromet
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BAYESIAN STATISTICS Bayesian statis
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and discharge adequately. One accep
Page 284 and 285:
Figure 3. The same rating curves as
Page 286 and 287:
in publication by Reitan and Peters
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FLOOD RISK OF COASTAL AREAS TALLINN
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from the hydrometric station Pirita
Page 292 and 293:
measurements in Tallinn coastal sta
Page 294 and 295:
Table 2. The obtained maximum water
Page 296 and 297:
Klibasev, К. And Goroskov, I, 1970
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INTRODUCTION This study is on the f
Page 300 and 301:
Intensitet [l/s·ha] 1000 100 10 Re
Page 302 and 303:
Intensitet [l/s·ha] Intensitet [l/
Page 304 and 305:
ON THE ROAD TO A NEW NATIONAL HYDRO
Page 306 and 307:
Table 1. Main polygons and lines in
Page 308 and 309:
A) B) C) D) Figure 2. Different typ
Page 310 and 311:
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REYKJAVÍK, ICELAND AUGUST 11-13, 2008 - Veðurstofa Íslands

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