Comparison of innovation policies in selected European, Asian and ...

NIS challenge
Table 2.2: Frequency of NIS challenges for Europe,
Asia, Australia, and New Zealand
Enlarging the base of (small, indigenous) firms involved in
innovation 9 1 1 1 1 4
Public R&D expenditures/capacity 3 1 1 1
Private R&D expenditures 2 1 1 1 1
HR, for research 10 1 1 1 3 1 1
Coherence, fragmentation policy support system 5 1 1 1
New firms, VC, entrepreneurship 7 1 1
Gap between science-industry, public-private, transfer 5 1 1 2 1 1
Impact from crisis on system and policy 3 0
More focus and prioritisation 4 0
Improve governance mechanisms, evaluation, intelligence 2 0
User-, demand-driven, services, non-tech innovation policy 5 1 1 1
Internationalisation of system 1 1 1 2 1
Growth, productivity, competitiveness return from RTDI 4 1
Total 2 4 6 4 4 7
Challenges in common with New Zealand 1 2 4 3 3
Table 2.3 show the results of modifying the raw data from Tables 2.1 and 2.2 by using the
frequency to derive an average score for the European countries (including category of NIS
development), Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. The NIS challenges with above average
scores are shown in bold.
Among the challenges reported for leading NIS countries (Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and
Switzerland), the two categories of challenges with high scores were ‘Enlarging the base of
innovation’ and ‘User-, demand-driven, services-, non-tech innovation policy’. For the
follower countries (Netherlands, Ireland, Austria, and Belgium) fewer challenges were
apparent and the two categories of challenges with high scores were ‘Enlarging the base or
internationalisation’ and ‘Human resources for research’. For the moderate NIS countries
(Norway, Portugal, Italy, and Iceland), ‘human resources for research’, and ‘new firms,
venture capital and entrepreneurship’ were the top challenges. Last, the moderate NIS in
transition countries (Slovenia, Estonia, and Czech Republic) emphasise the largest number of
challenges including ‘enlarging the base of innovation firms’, ‘fragmentation’, ‘gap between
science and industry’, and the need for ‘more focus and prioritisation’. These challenges may
relate to the presence of relatively large public research sectors (compared to business R&D)
in these countries and the difficulty they face in selecting sectors, clusters or technological
areas on which to focus. In the past, research sectors were expected to be largely independent
with broad academic profiles.
11
Europe
Malaysia
Singapore
S Korea
Taiwan
Asia sum
Australia
New Zealand