Studies on Norwegian Aphids - Norsk entomologisk forening

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32 o. MElDELL queens hatch at the beginning of July. The queens often stay more than a week in the nest before they finally leave it. The colonies are in general finished about the middle of July. However, at the end of July some young queens and a few older workers are observed collecting pollen and nectar continuously, indicating that colonies are being raised. The number of these queens, however, is smaller than in the spring. The number of workers increases during the first half of August but by then only a few queens are observed. The frequency of workers reaches a maximum in the latter half of August when they are particularly numerous on Calluna vulgaris L. By then males are again observed. Newly emerged queens are observed in September. B. jonellus establish their nests about three to four weeks later in the subalpine areas of the county (Suldal: Mostl'Jl, altitude about 600 m), but the cycle is usually completed only about two weeks later than in the lowland. Further observations in these areas in 1936 indicate that the species produces two generations in this region as well. Firstly, the frequency distribution of workers clearly reveals two maxima during the season. Secondly, a newly established colony was recorded as late as the middle of August. Besides the founder, a rather new queen with unworn wings, it contained cocoons of the first batch of worker brood. Some more nests were controlled in Suldal in 1937, one of which was recorded on 2 June and contained by then cocoons of the first Received 17 February 1968 worker brood. This nest reached its climax about 1 July, and males and young queens emerged the second week of July. A simple experiment was now carried out. On one of the young queens in this nest, hatching about 8 July, the wings were cut off so that she would stay in the nest. Three males emerged about four days later one of which mated the wingless queen on 15 July. By then the colony was almost finished. The founder of the nest died on approximately 7 July and only five relatively young workers remained in the nest together with the mated queen which by now was barely moving. The workers provisioned the honeypots with some nectar but did not collect pollen. When the nest was inspected on 4 August, the queen was establishing a new colony. The first waxen cell was built at the edge of the old derelict comb. Two days later the swelling of the cell indicated that larvae were developing. The first worker emerged on 15 August and by then more broods were produced. Unfortunately the observations had to be interrupted. The quantitative evaluations, the study of the colonies kept under observation as well as the experiment above, reveal clearly that B. jonellus raises two generations in a season in Rogaland county, in the lowlands as well as in subalpine areas. REFERENCE ALfKEN, J. D. (1914) Die Bienefauna van Bremen. Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 22,125.
Notes on the Genus Boreus in Norway ARNE FJELLBERG & UTA GREVE Zoological Museum, University of Bergen Abstract: FJELLBERG, A. & GREVE, LITA. 1968. Notes on the Genus Boreus in Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 33-34. New localities for B. hyemalis and B. westwoodi are reported. Some observations on the sex ratio, the air temperature and mass occurrence are presented. There is little information in the literature on the genus Boreus in Norway. Since Tjeder's (1945) 'Catalogus Neuropterorum et Mecopterorum Norvegiae' the genus has been mentioned briefly by Greve (1965, 1966). Since the Boreidae are among the few insects modified for active life during the winter months, several workers have concentrated on their ecology, among them Strtibing (1950, 1958), Svensson (1966) and Sauer (1966). Strtibing reports temperatures around lOoC as optimal for B. hyemalis. Svensson reports active animals at temperatures down to zero, in one extreme case an active B. westwoodi 6 was observed at -5.5°C. A list of localities where B. hyemalis and B. westwoodi were found is given below. B. hyemalis is new to Vestfold (VE), western Buskerud (Bv) and southern Opland (Os), and B. westwoodi to (VE) and (Os). The collection at Vuozeljokka was made by K. Hove, at Finse by a student excursion from the Zoological Museum, University of Bergen, at Dagali by H. B. Jensen, and the remaining ones by A. Fjellberg. The geographical division follows Strand (1943). Boreus hyemalis (L.). VE: Tjome 29.11.1 964 3 d'd' I 'i', 26.2.1966 1 'i', 24.12.1966 2 d'd'. OS: Sor-Aurdal 18.10.1965 1 12, 5.11.1965 3 d'd' 1 12. Bv: Hol, Dagali 13.4.1965 Coil. H. B. Jensen. HOi: Finse, Kongsnut 8.9.196716. Boreus westwoodi (Hag.). VE: Tjome, Kj
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Studies on Norwegian Aphids - Norsk entomologisk forening

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