GSV2 LSC-Report-VPA1 - MyClimate

GOLD STANDARD LOCAL STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION REPORT 

A. Project Description 

1. Project eligibility under Gold Standard 

2. Current project status 

CONTENTS 

B. Design of Stakeholder Consultation Process 

1. Description of physical meeting(s) 

i. Agenda 

ii. Non-technical summary 

iii. Invitation tracking table 

iv. Text of individual invitations 

v. Text of public invitations 

2. Description of other consultation methods used 

C. Consultation Process 

1. Participants’ in physical meeting(s) 

i. List 

ii. Evaluation forms 

2. Pictures from physical meeting(s) 

3. Outcome of consultation process 

i. Minutes of physical meeting(s) 

ii. Minutes of other consultations 

iii. Assessment of all comments 

iv. Revisit sustainable development assessment 

v. Summary of changes to project design based on comments 

D. Sustainable Development Assessment 

1. Own sustainable development assessment 

i. ‘Do no harm’ assessment 

ii. Sustainable development matrix 

2. Stakeholders blind sustainable development matrix 

3. Consolidated sustainable development matrix 

E. Discussion on Sustainability Monitoring Plan 

F. Description of Stakeholder Feedback Round 

Annex 1. Original participants list 

Annex 2. Original evaluation forms

Gold Standard Local Stakeholder Consultation Report 

SECTION A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

A. 1. Project eligibility under the Gold Standard 

The proposed voluntary programme activity (VPA) under the PoA “Solar Lighting in Rural 

Ethiopia”, meets the Gold Standard eligibility criteria as follows: 

The VPA can be classified as renewable energy-project, which generates electricity from non-fossil 

energy sources. Detailed project type is the distribution of micro-scale electricity generation 

units (photovoltaic for households), as the target of the project is to distribute several hundred 

thousand of small portable solar lanterns and Solar-Home-Systems (SHS) to rural households in 

Ethiopia. 

The VPA will generate annual emission reductions not higher than 60,000 tCO2eq and installed PV 

capacity will be below 15 MW, and therefore classifies as a small-scale. 

The VPA reduces CO2 emissions by replacing the use of fossil fuels for lighting. The project is 

aiming to replace the traditional kerosene lamps by renewable photovoltaic energy. 

At the moment the VPA is being implemented at small scale as a pilot project and will start as soon 

as listed with the Gold Standard. Therefore, the VPA classifies for the regular project cycle. 

Credit period starts with the publication of this Local Stakeholder Consultation report, so no 

retroactive registration or pre-feasibility assessment must be conducted. 

The VPA does currently not receive funds or loans classified as ODA (Official Development 

Assistance), and at the moment we can not foresee that this situation is likely to change. 

Gold Standard Passport version 2.1 July 2009 

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A. 2. Current project status 


Provide information on the status of key project cycle stages (financing, equipment procurement, 

construction, commissioning) with dates where possible/ relevant. 

The Solar Energy Foundation Ethiopia (SEF) has been founded in 2006 with the main target to 

promote and distribute solar technology in Ethiopia. Since 2006/2007 SEF has been in consultation 

with various stakeholders to develop an appropriate project design and to test and adjust the 

products to the local situation and needs. 

In this line, SEF started end of 2008 / beginning of 2009 as a pilot with a few Solar Centers in 

Ethiopia to elaborate the concrete demand of rural population for solar lighting and for other solar 

applications and to test the concept. This small-scale pilot project could be realised with the support 

of one-time donations to gain experience in the training of new Solar Energy Technicians, in credit 

assessment, installations and maintenance of systems. The pilot phase was crucial to define and 

test the project concept and to verify the real demand of the rural population regarding product 

features. 

In order to scale up the project throughout Ethiopia with the help of carbon finance, Solar Energy 

Foundation was in close discussion with Swiss NGO myclimate from a very early stage of the 

project. A “Memorandum of Understanding” was signed between both partners already in June 

2008 stating myclimate’s support in the project development and the purchase of all generated 

carbon emission reductions from this project. 

An updated “Term Sheet” between myclimate and Solar Energy Foundation was signed in April 

2010 and an ERPA is prepared, confirming myclimate’s support and commitment. The contribution 

of carbon finance presents the core of financing of the project. Nevertheless, Solar Energy 

Foundation needs to secure additional funds, mainly loans from banks or other foundations, to 

finance working capital and the time lack between investments and access (in cash) to carbon 

finance. 

With the listing of the project as PoA at the Gold Standard, the pilot phase will be terminated and 

the normal operations will start with this first VPA. 


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SECTION B. DESIGN OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROCESS 

B. 1. Design of physical meetings 

i. Agenda 

The stakeholder consultations have been conducted at two levels: at the local level in the village of 

Bokaso in the project area and at the national level in the capital Addis Ababa. Thereby, the 

Stakeholder consultation has been held at VPA and at PoA level. 

As the various VPAs will be almost identical in project design, organisational set-up and in terms of 

operation of the Solar Centers (only the sites/ regions within Ethiopia will differ), the Stakeholder 

Consultations (including Sustainable Development Matrix-Exercise) can be covered at PoA-level. A 

repetition of the same process on VPA-level is considered to be not necessary. 

Agenda of the Local Stakeholder Consultation held on 27 th of June2010 in Bokaso, Region 

South of Ethiopia: 

Time Activity 

9:00 - 9:30 Registration 

9:30 - 9:35 Program Introduction 

9:35 - 9:45 Key Note Address 

9:45 - 10:00 Overview about Solar Energy Foundation (SEF), incl. short Video 

Show 

10:00 - 10:20 Presentation of Revolving Fund Project 

„Solar Lighting in rural Ethiopia“ 

10:20 - 10:30 Basic Concept & Objectives of Carbon Credits 

10:30 - 10:45 Discussion on the Presentation / 

10:45 - 11:00 Tea break 

Questions for Clarification 

11:00 - 11:30 Sustainable Development Matrix: Collecting 

Participants’ Feedback & Questions for Clarification 

11:30 - 12:00 Discussion on Monitoring Sustainable Development 

12:00 - 12:10 Fill-up Feedback Evaluation Form 

12:10 - 12:30 

Closure of the Meeting / Closing Speech 


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Agenda of the Local Stakeholder Consultation held in Addis Ababa on 29 th of June, 2010: 

Time Activity 

9:00 - 9:30 Registration 

9:30 - 9:35 Program Introduction 

9:35 - 9:45 Key Note Address 

9:45 - 10:00 Overview about Solar Energy Foundation (SEF), incl. short Video 

Show 

10:00 - 10:20 Presentation of Revolving Fund Project 

„Solar Lighting in rural Ethiopia“ 

10:20 - 10:30 Basic Concept & Objectives of Carbon Credits 

10:30 - 10:45 Discussion on the Presentation / 

10:45 - 11:00 Tea break 

Questions for Clarification 

11:00 - 11:30 Sustainable Development Matrix: Collecting 

Participants’ Feedback & Questions for Clarification 

11:30 - 12:00 Discussion on Monitoring Sustainable Development 

12:00 - 12:10 Fill-up Feedback Evaluation Form 

12:10 - 12:30 

ii. Non-technical summary 

Closure of the Meeting / Closing Speech 

In Ethiopia’s rural areas estimated 98% of the population do not have access to 

electricity. 

The project aims to install small photovoltaic cells on the roofs of 300.000 houses in 

Ethiopia within the next 10 years and provide the households with solar light to replace 

the kerosene lamps. We, the non-profit Solar Energy Foundation, will operate 25-50 

Solar Centers on a long-term basis mainly in the regions of Amhara, South, Tigray and 

Oromia. After current pilot phase, official start for the larger scale project is expected in 

September 2010. 

We have already succeeded to provide a village in Ethiopia (Rema) with 5000 inhabitants 

with solar electricity. Almost all kerosene lamps and dry-cell batteries have disappeared 

since then (2007). 

For the size of this project, many well-trained people are needed. Therefore we founded 

the “International Solar Energy School (ISES)” in autumn 2007 in Rema. Our staff is 


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trained to follow these steps: 


a) Educate customers about solar energy, products and adequate financing solutions; 

b) Sell solar products by instalments or (discounted) by cash; 

c) Install, operate and maintain customer’s solar equipment. 

The ongoing local presence of the Solar Center staff will ensure a high level quality of 

systems which can be used for many years. Old batteries will be taken back for recycling 

and the replacement batteries plus spare parts will be provided. Our long-term objective 

is to establish a sustainable solar business in Ethiopia. 

To be in a position to offer the solar systems at affordable prices, the project is applying 

for carbon credit funding. As NGO, we are not allowed to do any profit in Ethiopia. 

Therefore, customers will directly benefit from the Sales of the carbon certificates through 

lower prices. The name of the customer and the location of his household are registered 

in a central database (Management Information System) and all information will be used 

only for internal and auditing purposes. 

The project “Solar Lighting in rural Ethiopia“ with carbon credit funding brings the 

following benefits: 

1) A better indoor air quality due to the replacement of kerosene lamps. Burning 

kerosene causes smoke, which is responsible for millions of cases of asthma and 

respiratory illnesses. 

2) No more accidental fires caused by kerosene lamps, therefore no more self burning 

and decrease of risk of loss of property. 

3) Substantial improvement of the livelihood of users. Thanks to the solar light people 

can benefit from the evening as it has never been possible before. People can use 

the additional bright evening hours for their family, social relations, education and/ 

or work. The productive hours for dealers, handcrafts, and service providers can be 

increased, and mobile phone charging services can be offered to raise additional 

income. 

4) Leverage of the rural income: From the day of implementation of the solar system, 

running costs for lighting almost disappears. The pay-back is usually below 1 year 

for portable solar lamps (like for the “Lighting Africa”-Product Award winner 

“SunTransfer 2” lamp) and below 2 years for the solar home systems and the 

lifetime is expected to be at least 10 years. 

5) Decentralized alternative energy supply eliminates dependency to buy oil and 

kerosene products and avoids long walking distances. 

Therefore, by providing solar light, the living condition is substantially improved, which 

can be the basis for an improved educational, economical, health, social and employment 

situation in rural Ethiopia. 


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iii. Invitation tracking table 


Local Stakeholder Consultations Bokaso on June 27 th , 2010 

No Code 

Organization 

(if relevant) 

Name of Invitee 


Way of 

invitatio 

n 

Date of 

Invitation 

Confirmation 

received? 

1 A private person (Kiliye) Kess Asefa Leda Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

2 A private person (Kiliye) Kassa Wondichafo Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

3 A private person (Kiliye) Tuke Tule Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

4 A private person (Kiliye) Ejiju Aregata Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

5 A private person (Kiliye) Girma Belete Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

6 A private person (Kiliye) Ermias Belete Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

7 A private person (Kiliye) Hasen Naser Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

8 A private person (Kiliye) Arega Abiso Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

9 A private person (Kiliye) Dangura Dabesa Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

10 A private person (Mamena) Asefa Meta Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

11 A private person (Enwkute) Pitrose Kenita Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

12 A private person (Enwkute) Bunura Gobile Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

13 A private person (Enwkute) Ariso Leda Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

14 A private person (Enwkute) Kifle Anekale Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

15 A private person (Enwkute) Asamo Ayeso Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

16 A private person (Enwkute) Alemayehu Kumo Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

17 A private person (Enwkute) Haraye Banebura Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

18 A private person (Enwkute) Nema Neye Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

19 A private person (Enwkute) Bushre Bunita Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

20 A private person (Enwkute) Kunidal Rumo Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

21 A private person (Enwkute) Kasa Shochera Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

22 A private person (Menio) Elias Bona Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

23 A private person (Kenanite) Ketsela Mingestu Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

24 A private person (Kenanite) Tsegaye Ware Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

25 A private person (Bokaso) Tsegaye Danegiso Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

26 A private person (Bokaso) Kebede Ketema Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

27 A private person (Bokaso) Haile Peto Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

28 A private person (Kenanite) Deteamo Cobalo Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

29 A private person (Geshire) Kassa Leda Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

30 A private person (Menafesha) Aschalew Tadesse Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

31 A private person (Menafesha) Matiose Longe Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

32 A private person (Menafesha) Ayele Taye Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

7

No Code 


Organization 

(if relevant) 



Way of 

invitation 

Date of 

Invitation 

Confirmation 

received? 

33 A private person (Menafesha) Gezahegn Hordofa Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

34 A private person (Menafesha) Boa Dangiso Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

35 A private person (Menafesha) Amanti Adela Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

36 A private person (Menafesha) Filate Fichola Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

37 A private person (lalamo) Debebe Debesa Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

38 A private person (lalamo) Belamo Betta Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

39 A private person (Kenanite) Filte Ware Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

40 A private person (Kenanite) Rebede Betena Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

41 A private person (Kenanite) Sirebamo Siyamo Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

42 A private person (Kiliye ) Hula Ketema Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

43 A private person (Bokaso) Tunsisa Anebo Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

44 A private person (Bokaso) Boe Kachora Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

45 A private person (Bokaso) Ledamo Yema Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

46 A private person (Menio) Bete Gemeda Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

47 B Woreda Administrators Zewede Gebiba Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

48 B Woreda Administrators Mekonnen Kebede Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

49 B Woreda Administrators Endalkachew Kabisa Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

50 B Woreda Administrators Wondwosen Bolka Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

51 B Woreda Administrators Dawit Dangisa Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

52 B Woreda Administrators Dora Doba Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

53 B Woreda Administrators Asmelash Kebede Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

54 B Woreda Administrators Getahun Haile Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

55 B Woreda Administrators Denbelo dengiso Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

56 B Woreda Administrators Bekele beka Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

57 B Woreda Administrators Endeshaw Girma Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

58 B Woreda Administrators Etaferahu Shela Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

59 B Woreda Administrators Alemtsega Abraham Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

60 B Woreda Administrators Abiyot Belete Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

61 B Woreda Administrators Azmach Asefa Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

62 B Woreda Administrators Elias Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

63 B Woreda Administrators Dalecha Petros Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

64 B Kiliye Kebele Chair Person Samuel Tenbora Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

65 B Kinate Kebele Chair Person Yohaness Yona Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

66 B Mehafesha Chair Person Desalegn Doka Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

67 B Bokaso Chair Person Yohannes Doguna Mail 18.06.10 Yes 

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Local Stakeholder Consultations Addis Ababa on June 29 th , 2010 

No Code 

Organization 

(if relevant) 

1 B Addis Ababa University 

Faculty of Technology 

2 B Amhara Mineral & Energy 

Resources Development 

Agency 

3 B Ethiopian Electrical Power 

Corporation 


Prof. W/Giorgis 

W/Marian 


Way of 

invitation 

Date of 

Invitation 

Confirmation 

received? 

Mail 04.06.10 Yes 

Yewondesen Fax 04.06.10 Yes 

Misikir Negash Email 01.06.10 No 

4 B Ethiopian Rural Energy 

Development & Promotion 

Center 

Ato Kassu Mail 04.06.10 Yes 

5 B Ministry of Revenue Mail 03.06.10 No 

6 B Federal Disaster Prevention 

& Preparedness Agency 

Asmelash Email 01.06.10 Yes 

7 B Institute of Biodiversity 

Conservation and Research 

8 B Ministry of Mines and Energy Minister Alemayehu 

Tegenu 

9 B Ministry of Agriculture & 

Rural Development 

Mail 04.06.10 Yes 

Mail 04.06.10 Yes 

Mail 03.06.10 Yes 

10 B Charities and socialties 

agency 

Tilahun Mulugeta Mails 03.06.10 Yes 

11 B Ministry of Labour & Social 

Affairs 

Asefa Email 01.06.10 Yes 

12 B Ministry of Water Resources Mail 03.06.10 Yes 

13 B Oromiya Mineral and Energy Amenissisa 

Mail 03.06.10 Yes 


Agency 

Tsegaye 

14 B Quality & Standard Authority Almaz Kassaye EMail 01.06.10 Yes 

15 B SNNPRS Mineral & Energy 


Agency 

Abera Tekle Email 05.06.10 Yes 

16 B Tigray Water, Mineral & 

Energy Resources 

Development Bureau 

Fiseha Fax/Mail 04.06.10 No 

17 B Adama TVET College Mail 06.03.10 No 

9

No Code 


Organization 

(if relevant) 

18 C Environmental Protection 

Authority (EPA) 



Way of 

invitation 

Date of 

Invitation 

Dessalegn Mesfin Email/Mail 31.05.10 

& 

02.06.10 

Confirmation 

received? 

Yes 

19 D Abebech Gebena Wibideres Azene EMail 02.06.10 Yes 

20 D Addis Ababa Catholic 

Church Archi Womens 

Promostion Center 

EMail 01.06.10 No 

21 D Adult & Non formal 

Education Association in 

Ethiopia 

Samuel Asnake EMail 02.06.10 No 

22 D Children Aid Ethiopia Elias Dejene Mail 04.06.10 No 

23 D Ethiopian Gimini Trust EMail 02.06.10 No 

24 D Ethiopian Tour oprators 

Association 

Fikiresilase Admasu EMail 02.06.10 Yes 

25 D Ogaden Welfare & 

development Organozartion 

Beshir Abdulahi EMail 02.06.10 Yes 

26 D Remember the poorest Fekede Borga EMail 02.06.10 No 

27 D Selam Technical & 

Mesifin G/medihin EMail 02.06.10 Yes 

Vocational Centers 

/Tefera 

Manyamnewal 

28 D Water Action Adane Kassa EMail 02.06.10 Yes 

29 E Gold Standard: Local Gold 

Standard Expert, Africa & 

Middle East 

Nahla Sabet Email 31.05.10 No 

30 F ecbp-University-Industry 

Linkage 

Mail 07.06.10 No 

31 F gtz- Sun Energy Addis Ababa office Mail 07.06.10 No 

32 F Greenpeace International Steve Sawyer Email 31.05.10 No 

33 F Helio International Helene O'Connor- 

Lajambe 

Email 31.05.10 No 

34 F ILRI Philip Osano Email 31.05.10 No 

35 F IUCN Grace Mwaura Email 31.05.10 No 

36 F IUCN Eastern Africa Email 31.05.10 No 

37 F Mercy Corps International Dorothy McIntosh Email 31.05.10 No 

38 F REEEP Marianne Osterkorn Email 31.05.10 No 

39 F Renewable Energy & Energy Ndhlukula 

Email 31.05.10 No 

Efficiency Institute, Namibia Kudakwashe 

40 F SACAN Facilitator EarthLife 

Africa Johannesburg 

Dora Ledello Email 31.05.10 No 

10

No Code 


Organization 

(if relevant) 



Way of 

invitation 

Date of 

Invitation 

Confirmation 

received? 

41 F SouthSouthNorth, South Raubenheimer Email 31.05.10 No 

Africa 

Stefan 

42 F Sustainability Institute Ms. Jess 

Schulschenk 

Email 31.05.10 No 

43 F UNEP Ms. Merlyn Van 

Voore 

Email 31.05.10 No 

44 F UNEP Addis Ababa Office Strike Mkandla Email 31.05.10 No 

45 F WWF International Bella Roscher Email 31.05.10 No 

46 F WWF South Africa Worthington 

Richard 

Email 31.05.10 No 

47 F Zero: Regional Environment Chigwada 

Email 31.05.10 No 

Organisation, Zimbabwe Johannes 

48 F UNICEF Ethiopia Country 

Office 

49 F UNDP Ethiopia country 

Director 

Mail 03.06.10 No 

Mail 03.06.10 No 

Please explain how you decided that the above organisations/ individuals are relevant stakeholders to your 

project. Also, please discuss how your invitation methods seek to include a broad range of stakeholders. 

We held two different Local Stakeholder Consultations: the first in Bokaso, South Region, which is a 

representative region for the activities of the Solar Centers in rural Ethiopia. This first meeting was targeting 

the rural households, which will be directly affected by our project activities (mainly local people and 

regional official representatives of category A). 

As Bokaso is located a 4 to 5 hours-drive away from the capital Addis Ababa, where most of the GOs and 

NGOs are settled, we held a second Stakeholder Consultation directly in Addis Ababa, to reach a higher 

presence of the Stakeholders of categories B to F. 

Bokaso: We have invited 21 local Woreda Administrators and Kebele Chair persons, to which our project 

activities have some relevance. 35 beneficiaries in the region, who got already some experience during the 

pilot phase installations of solar home systems, were invited directly by handing over the letter, plus 11 

people known to have no experience with Solar Energy Foundation and solar systems. We also tried 

actively to engage women to join the consultation meeting. The invitation was provided to the public by 

word of mouth with the effect that 88 people participated on top of the host organization Solar Energy 

Foundation and myclimate. All these 88 external participants filled the project evaluation form, while 85 

signed in the participation list and 83 filled the sustainable development matrix evaluation form. 

11


Addis Ababa: We have invited 17 local policy makers (incl. University/colleges), most from Federal level, 

but also the relevant offices from state level (like Mineral and Energy Resources Development Agencies). 

These ministries cover tasks regarding energy/ renewables, rural development as well as the relevant 

indicators from the sustainable development matrix (like water, biodiversity, labour, quality standards). 

10 Local NGOs and 20 International NGOs supporting Gold Standard were invited, but from these 

categories D & F the number of participants was comparable small. 

All the 26 external participants in Addis signed in the participation list, while 23 filled the project evaluation 

form and 22 filled the sustainable development matrix evaluation form. 

iv. Text of individual invitations 

“Dear Sir/ Madam, 

Solar Energy Foundation has the pleasure to invite you to take part in the stakeholder 

consultation meeting for the Foundation’s project „Solar Lighting in rural Ethiopia“. 

Stiftung Solarenergie – Solar Energy Foundation operates since 2005 in Ethiopia and electrified 

already more than 6000 rural households by using solar energy. Taking lessons from these 

implementations, the Foundation wants to extend its operation significantly in all areas of the 

country to achieve its ultimate objectives. 

The intended size of operation is depending on additional financial contribution generated by so 

called “Carbon Credits”, as our operation will replace kerosene lanterns by solar-powered bright 

and efficient LED lamps. With the support of the Swiss NGO myclimate, we want to implement 

a Gold Standard “Program of Activities” (PoA) to apply for Voluntary Emission Reductions 

(VERs). 

On the way to register our “PoA”, we want to conduct a Stakeholder Consultation Meetings, in 

Addis Ababa at Ministry of Mines & Energy, Ethiopia Geological Survey Hall on June 29 th , 

2010 for half a day starting from 9:30 am to lunch time. 

The objective of this consultation meeting is to explain our project and its socio-environmental 

impacts brought to the communities, and thereby collect feedback of the participants to 

potentially further improve the project set-up. Hence your contribution to this meeting is highly 

welcomed. 

Therefore, we would like to request you / your esteemed office to attend the meeting. Please 

confirm your attendance if possible until June 18 th 2010 to our Public Relation Officer, Mr. 

Abinet Jemal by sending email to samson@solar-energy-foundation.org; or Tele: 0116-18 86 

68 or Fax: 0116- 18 14 63. Please also respond by submitting any comments in case you can 

not attend. 


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We look forward that you join together with other key stakeholders and policy makers working 

on renewable energy and to take a close look at our pioneer achievements, and thereby 

contribute to your own activities. 

With best regards, 

Samson Tsegaye Country Director” 

The detailed Agenda of the Stakeholder Consultation Meeting (see B.1.i) was attached to the 

invitation letters. 

v. Text of public invitations 

SOLAR ENERGY FOUNDATION 

Bole Subcity, Namibia Street, 

P.O. Box 22734/10000, Addis Ababa 

Phone: 0116-18 86 68 

Solar Energy Foundation invites you to take part in the public local stakeholder consultation 

meeting for the Foundation’s project „Solar Lighting in rural Ethiopia“. The project 

depends on additional financial contribution generated by so called “carbon credits”, as it will 

replace kerosene lanterns by solar-powered bright and efficient LED lamps. As Gold 

Standard “Program of Activities” (PoA) we apply for Voluntary Emission Rights (VERs). 

The objective of this consultation meeting is to explain our project and its socio-environmental 

impacts to the communities, and thereby collect feedback of the participants to further 

improve the project set-up. The meeting is going to take place in Addis Ababa at Ministry of 

Mines & Energy, Ethiopia Geological Survey Hall on June 29 th , 2010 for half a day starting 

from 9:30 am. Please confirm your attendance until June 24th 2010 by sending email to 

worku@solar-energy-foundation.org or call 0116-18 86 68. 

This text was published in English on 19/06/2010 in “The Reporter” and in Amharic on 20/06/2010 in 

“GTCTC” (see scans below): 


13



14


B. 2. Description of other consultation methods used 

If individuals and/ or entities (e.g. NGOs) are unable to attend the physical meeting, please discuss other 

methods that were used to solicit their feedback/ comments (e.g. questionnaires, phone calls, interviews). 

As the Ethiopian DNA, the Environmental Protection Authority, was unfortunately not able to attend the 

meeting, a direct contact was created directly after the Stakeholder Consultation Meeting. First feedback 

was received based on our presentation document already a few days later. 

SECTION C. CONSULTATION PROCESS 

C. 1. Participants’ in physical meeting(s) 

i. List of participants 

In total 111 people signed in the participation lists of the two local stakeholder consultations on top of the 

members of Solar Energy Foundation and myclimate: 85 people signed the list in Bokaso and 26 in Addis 

Ababa. 

Please find the scans of the original participants’ list in Annex 1 of this document. 

Bokaso Participants Lists (June 27 th , 2010): 

No. 

Cat. First Name Second 

Name 

Gender Job/Position/ 

Origination 


Contact Details 

(Address, Phone) 

How did 

you hear 

about this 

meeting? 

1 A Ato Nama Nehe Male Farmer Letter 

2 A Ato Dnagura Debela Male Farmer 0912 06 26 73 Letter 

3 A Ato Tegaye Ware Male Farmer 0916 86 64 01 Letter 

4 A Ato Tunsie Anye Male Farmer 0916 16 51 79 Letter 

5 A Ato Dermo Debaro Male Farmer 0913 51 90 77 Letter 

6 A Ato Girma Belete Male Farmer 0916 33 29 23 Letter 

7 B AtoYohanes Yona Male Kebele Chairman 0910 14 20 96 Letter 

8 B Ato Desalegn Doca Male Kebele Chairman 0913 42 56 32 Letter 

9 A Ato Hariso Leda Male Farmer 0916 43 47 42 Letter 

10 A Ato Bete Gemeda Male Farmer 0916 43 51 13 Letter 

11 A Ato Daniel Lencho Male Farmer Killye Phone 

12 A Ato Motero Tero Male Farmer Killye Letter 

13 A Ato Busher Bonte Male Merchant 0916 83 43 96 Letter 

15

No. 


Name 



Origination 




How did 

you hear 

about this 

meeting? 

14 A Kese Asfa Leda Male Priest 0916 83 75 13 Letter 

15 B Ato Akalu Adam Male Water resource 

committee 

0913 22 10 45 Letter 

16 A Ato Abera Tekle Male Farmer 0916 83 67 43 Letter 

17 B Ato Eliase Alemayhu Male Committee 0916 86 61 92 Letter 

18 A W/ro Tadelech Kelo Female Merchant 0912 09 85 17 Letter 

19 A Ato Kedela Kateto Male Farmer Meniho Verbal 

20 A Ato Henok Felate Male Farmer 0916 37 52 93 Letter 

21 A Ato Hula Ketema Male Farmer Killye Letter 

22 B Ato Yohanes Dogona Male Kebele Chairman 0913 44 95 94 Letter 

23 A Ato Matiose Bonge Male Priest 0912 07 76 88 Letter 

24 A Ato Elabo Feto Male Farmer 0916 13 92 73 Letter 

25 A Ato Letmo Harka Male Farmer Berbacho Verbal 

26 A W/ro Menderine Tesema Female Journalist 0916 86 62 46 Letter 

27 B Ato Sefa Meta Male Ministry of Justice 0911 01 84 10 Letter 

28 B Ato Arodie Banbura Male Committee/ Killie 0916 33 31 81 Letter 

29 A Ato Kesela Minigistu Male Farmer 0912 07 55 73 Letter 

30 A Ato Felate Ware Male Farmer 0916 33 28 96 Letter 

31 A Ato Boye Kechera Male Farmer 0916 37 44 82 Letter 

32 A Ato Haile Feto Male Farmer Bokasa Letter 

33 A Ato Alemayhu Kuma Male Farmer Letter 

34 A Ato Amenta Adela Male Merchant 0913 22 33 90 Letter 

35 A Ato Kasa Leda Male Farmer 0916 86 80 46 Letter 

36 A Ato Aschalew Tadesse Male Teacher Letter 

37 A Ato Tadele Yota Male Farmer Verbal 

38 A Ato Hasema Hayeso Male Farmer 0930 65 06 31 Letter 

39 A Ato Aleye Gole Male Farmer 0920 33 47 32 Letter 

40 A Ato Dangula Gemeda Male Farmer 0916 16 49 27 Letter 

41 A Ato Tesfaye Ketema Male Farmer Letter 

42 A Ato Kebede Ketema Male Farmer 0913 42 56 53 Letter 

43 A Ato Kentole Kuma Male Farmer 0913 71 11 27 Letter 

44 A Ato Yene Ledamo Male Training Promotion 0913 38 33 64 Phone 

45 A Ato Burena Gobele Male Farmer Letter 

46 B Ato Samule Tongole Male Kebele Chairman 0913 50 44 68 Letter 

47 A Ato Kebede Ketena Male Farmer 0913 26 28 77 Letter 

48 A Ato Kifle Tena Male Manager 0913 47 66 08 Phone 

49 A Ato Selimo Memo Male Farmer Letter 

50 A Ato Dawit Nesho Male Farmer Letter 

51 A Ato Debebe Debesa Male Accountant 0913 44 95 99 Letter 

52 A Ato Belamo Beta Male Accountant 0913 54 03 49 Letter 

53 A Ato Birhanu Degasa Male Guard Wenso/Bokaso Letter 

16

No. 


Name 



Origination 




How did 

you hear 

about this 

meeting? 

54 A Ato Serbame Seomo Male Farmer Wenso/Bokaso Letter 

55 A Ato Selmo Gemeda Male Farmer Wenso/Bokaso Letter 

56 A Ato Tsegaye Dangiso Male Farmer 0911 90 28 23 Letter 

57 A Ato Boye Dangiso Male Farmer 0913 36 10 69 Letter 

58 A Ato Sultan Kedir Male Farmer Wenso/Bokaso Letter 

59 A Ato Teferi Argeta Male Merchant Wenso/Bokaso Letter 

60 A Ato Gero Mena Male Farmer Wenso/Bokaso Letter 

61 A Ato Abiyot Belete Male Pure water service 

coordinator 

0913 77 93 04 Letter 

62 A Ato Arega Hewiso Male 0916 37 45 45 Letter 

63 A Ato Kifle Hankalo Male Farmer 0916 86 91 16 Letter 

64 A W/ro Worknesh Barmo Female Farmer Letter 

65 A Ato Eliase Bona Male Farmer 0916 16 90 44 Letter 

66 A Ato Tuke Ture Male Farmer Wenso/Killye Letter 

67 A Ato Nedamo Yema Male Student 0913 51 75 24 Letter 

68 A Ato Kasa Shodora Male Farmer 0916 37 37 13 Letter 

69 A Ato Ameje Alemu Male Farmer 0916 40 40 12 Letter 

70 A Ato Shala Sahele Male Farmer Wenso/Menfesa Letter 

71 A Ato Teshome Kalwe Male Guard 0912 76 25 92 Letter 

72 B Ato Ejegu Argeta Male Kebele Manager 0910 17 73 63 Letter 

73 A Ato Girma Koreso Male Energy Worker 0913 36 98 00 Letter 

74 B Ato Gizahege Horedofa Male Purchase & payment 

Officer 

0913 48 06 20 Letter 

75 A Ato Derje Kebede Male Student 0916 04 54 54 Letter 

76 A Ato Hussien Nasire Male Farmer 0912 10 94 03 Letter 

77 A Ato Mussel Meto Male Farmer 0916 16 81 01 Verbal 

78 A Ato Tune Feta Male Farmer 0916 16 93 98 Letter 

79 A Ato Ermiase Belete Male Engineer 0916 43 51 59 Letter 

80 B Ato Geremew Gaga Male Kebele Information 

Officer 

Enafesh Letter 

81 B Ato Azmach Asefa Male Woreda Office Secretary 0461 19 13 20 Letter 

82 B Ato Mulugeta Muda Male Woreda Office Staff 0913-28 74 76 Letter 

83 A Ato Fulate Fichola Male Farmer 0913-36 10 64 Letter 

84 B Ato 

Endalkachew 

Kayuso Male Woreda Political Leader 0911-09 80 22 Letter 

85 A Ato Markos Hankamo Male Farmer 0910-43 46 12 Tele 

17


Addis Ababa Participants Lists (June 29 th , 2010): 

No. Cat. First Name Second 

Name 

Gender Organization / 

Job or position 


Contact details 


How did 

you hear 

about the 

meeting? 

1 B Matthewos Meja Male Ministry of Labour & Social 

Affairs, Labour Inspector 

0911812755 letter 

2 D Elias Dejene Male CHADET (Childred Aid 

Ethiopia), Proj. 

Coordinator 

0911128762 letter 

3 D Astarke Dargie Male Intern / GTZ 0911807505 invitation 

4 B Fiseha Girmay Male Tigray Water, Mineral & 

Energy Resources 

Development Bureau, 

Energy Process Owner 

0914727497 letter 

5 D Wogderese Azene Male A G HOELMA, Site 

Supervisor 

0911208019 letter 

6 B Regassa Beksissa Male Oromia Mineral & Energy 

Rural Developm. Agency 

(Electrification Expert) 

0913377703 letter 

7 B Sahele Taminus Male Ministry of Mines & 

Energy; Sen. Energy 

Analyst 

0912425094 invitation 

8 A Yonas Workie Male Technical Director 0911689292 phone 

9 B Mewael Wolde Male Human Ress. Mgmt, Addis 

Yeka Sub-city 

Administration 

0911986324 phone 

10 D Gerhard Franke Male GTZ/ECO 0912117339 verbally 

11 A Abera Mengister Male SRISAY Bussiness Mgmt. 

Consultants, Training 

Coordinator 

0911193316 

12 B Asres W/Giorges Male Ministry of Mines & Energy 

(MME), Advisor 

0913734997 invited 

13 B Yiheyis Eshetu Male Ministry of Mines & 

Energy, Senior Expert 

0911974164 invited 

14 B Prof. W/Giorgis W/Michael Male University of Addis, 

Faculty of Technology 


15 F Ababu Arroye Male National Project 

Coordination CDM, UNDP 

0911843801 invited 

16 B Tefera Tadesse Male Ministry of Agriculture and 

Rural Development, 

Forestry Expert / NRMD 

0911373582 letter 

18

No. Cat. First Name Second 

Name 


Gender Organization / 

Job or position 

17 B Alemayehu Mengistu Male Institute of Biodiversity 

Conservation and 

Research, Researcher 


Contact details 


0911928459 letter 

How did 

you hear 

about the 

meeting? 

18 D Belay Chemoi Male GTZ/ECO 0913165515 

19 A Tefera Manyamnew Male Selam Vocational Training 0911421112 invitation 

al 

College - Electr. Maint. 

Head 

20 B Belay Siyoum Male Ministry of Water 

Ressources 


21 B Kahisu Tadesse Male Ethiopian Rural Energy 

Development & Promotion 

Center (MME) 


22 A Shibabaw Yeshitila Male L.W.F. (private company) 0911375818 

23 A Fasil Alemu Male Green Power Africa 0911607472 notice 

24 A Akmayehu Negash Male Independent Researcher 0911200968 newspaper 

25 B Amsalu Kelenuser Male Ministry of Mines & 

Energy, Officer 


26 A Zelalem Mengistu Male Ever bright, Techn. Head 0911837198 invitation 

ii. Evaluation forms 

The evaluation forms were filled both in Bokaso (88 forms) and Addis Ababa (23 forms). Obviously 3 

participants in Bokaso were missed to sign in the participation list, while 3 signed participants in Addis had 

to leave before the end of the consultation and were therefore not filling the final evaluation form. 

For convenience of the reader of this report, we summarized the various comments to several statements. 

In case an answer was better fitting to another question, the feedback was considered as answer to the 

better fitting question. All forms as well as the categorization to the various statements can be provided 

upon request. The number behind the comments shows the number of feedbacks received in Bokaso and 

Addis ( Bokaso / Addis ): 

A) What is your impression of the meeting? 

1. The meeting was (very) good/ great/ amazing ( 50 / 13 ) 

2. The project / the meeting makes me happy ( 10 / 1 ) 

3. I learned a lot / got a good lesson / high attention to solar energy ( 25 / 4 ) 

4. Good project explanation ( 7 / 8 ) 

5. Good work of Solar Energy Foundation ( 6 / 1 ) 

6. Please do meeting like this more often ( 8 / 0 ) 

7. Good opportunity for exchange of ideas ( 0 / 4 ) 

19


8. I’m impressed: locally most people understands even more about the solar energy I ever expected 

( 0 / 1) 

B) What do you like about the project? 

1. The project is (very) good/ I like everything ( 18 / 3 ) 

2. The project has many benefits ( 7 / 3 ) 

3. The project activity provides better light / there is no more darkness ( 22 / 0 ) 

4. It improves health of rural people ( 3 / 0 ) 

5. It reduces the carbon emissions ( 5 / 2 ) 

6. It reaches the poor people in the rural areas ( 6 / 12 ) 

7. I like the service/ work of Solar Energy Foundation ( 6 / 3 ) 

8. Specific products, like Solar Home System, Solar lamps, mobile chargers, Solar TV ( 12/ 0) 

9. The financing mechanism of Revolving Fund ( 0 / 5 ) 

10. The training offered by Solar Energy Foundation at the Solar Energy School ( 0 / 3 ) 

11. “That we no longer use kerosene lamps and that we have pure water here” ( 1 / 0 ) 

12. “You save me from buying kerosene and batteries” ( 1 / 0 ) 

13. “The project is special, because you cover demand which is difficult to do for the government” ( 1 / 

0 ) 

14. “I hope other NGOs will learn from your project” ( 0 / 1 ) 

C) What do you not like about the project? 

1. Nothing ( 73 / 14 ) 

2. Specific products, like Solar Home System, Solar lamp, Solar TV ( 4 / 0 ) 

3. Too low volume of provided products / size should be expanded ( 1 / 2 ) 

4. Product pricing for Solar TV / fear of products could be not affordable for everyone ( 2 / 3 ) 

5. People could use solar systems not properly ( 1 / 0 ) 

6. Maintenance of solar system should be organized fast ( 1 / 0 ) 

7. “Your information baseline about community sample taking is not clear” ( 0 / 1) 

8. “The project is good but what I dislike is it may affect soil a little bit” ( 0 / 1 ) 

9. “The scoring method is very much conservative and you should have done more concrete” (0 / 1) 

10. “I do not like the way the project is working with EEPA (Ethiopian Electric Power Authority), the 

project should assess initially in order not to have duplication of electrification (whatever the 

source may be) of a village.” ( 0 / 1 ) 

11. “The project is not solving our major problem like energy we need in the kitchen for cooking, 

because we loose many tons of wood per year. We need to reduce that resource.” ( 0 / 1 ) 

D) Other comments 

1. Try to reach more people / continue with your activities / provide more products ( 26 / 4 ) 

2. Make the products more affordable / extend loan period ( 18 / 0 ) 

3. Thanks for your work ( 7 / 0 ) 

4. The project is very good ( 6 / 1 ) 

5. Provide us with the latest technology ( 5 / 0 ) 

6. Please repeat meetings like this / intensify exchange with stakeholders & other organizations, 


20


which could learn from you ( 6 / 6 ) 

7. Specific product / product quality request or comment ( 4 / 2 ) 

8. Please provide immediate maintenance services ( 1 / 0 ) 

9. Please provide a copy of the presentation ( 0 / 1 ) 

10. Your project helps also to reduce pressure on forests, because of lower usage of firewood ( 0 / 1 ) 

11. “Our rural people has also problem with respect to water supply. Please expand your project to 

solar energy water pumps.” ( 0 / 1 ) 

12. Do projects that give priority to our problem: saving [natural] resources. ( 0 / 1 ) 

13. “I fear that the project stops without finishing like other private companies & NGOs” ( 0 / 1) 

14. Financial problems could be reduced by producing components for solar systems in Ethiopia (0/1) 

15. Due to the shortage of electric power, it is better if you consider the urban areas with 100% pay (0 

/ 1) 

Some of the answers were given regarding other activities of the Solar Energy Foundation, like Sales of 

Solar TV, or regarding other topics, which are not addressed within the project (solar cooking, solar water 

pumps…). 

Please find our answers to these comments in section C.3.iii of this report. 

In Annex 2 you can find some representative examples from both meetings. 


21

C. 2. Pictures from physical meeting(s) 


People signing in the participation list in Bokaso. Bokaso participants evaluate the Sustain. Dev. Matrix. 

Worku Abebe doing the main presentation. Bokaso participants filling the evaluation forms. 

Team of Solar Energy Foundation participating in Bokaso meeting. 


22


Addis participants listen the opening speech of Ato Asres W/Giorgis (Advisor of the Minister of Mines & Energy). 

Demonstration of solar lamps/ Solar-Home-Systems. Participants actively listening. 

Addis participants discussing Sustain. Dev. Matrix Project discussion during tea break in Addis. 

© Pictures of Bokaso meeting: Jürgen Wieland, Solar Energy Foundation Switzerland 

© Pictures of Addis Ababa meeting: Franziska Heidenreich, myclimate and Abenet Jemal, Solar Energy Foundation Ethiopia 


23

C. 3. Outcome of consultation process 

i. Minutes of physical meeting(s) 


Please ensure that you include a summary of the meeting as well as all comments received. 

1) Minutes of first meeting in Bokaso (27 th of June, 2010): 

Place of the Meeting: Southeren Region, Sidama Zone, Wonsho Woreda, Bokaso Town, Ethiopia 

Date and Time of the Meeting: June 27, 2010, from 9.30 am 1.00 pm (excl. lunch) 

Language of the Meeting: The Meeting was held in Amharic language. 

Internal participants from project developer & myclimate (not incl. in participation list): 

- Mr. Jurgen Wieland--------------------------- SEF (Germany/Switzerland) 

- Ms. Franziska Heidenreich------------------ Project Manager Myclimate 

- Ato Samson Tsegaye ------------------------ Director SEF 

- Ato Worku Abebe------------------------------ Admin and Finance Head SEF 

- Ms. Meron Abebe------------------------------ Registrar SEF and Minute Taker SEF 

- Ms. Serkalem Terefe-------------------------- Registrar SEF 

- Ms. Mame Hailu---------------------------------Registrar 

- Ato Abinet Jemal------------------------------- Videographer SEF 

- Ato Anteneh Samson------------------------- Assistant Videographer SEF 

- Ato Shimels Tadese--------------------------- Bokaso Solar Center staff SEF 

External participants (Stakeholders): 

- Ato Abera Teklu-------------------------------- Southern Region Energy Agency Representative 

- Ato Yene Ledamo-------------------------------Sidama Zone Energy Office Representative 

Development & Promotion Centre 

- 86 additional participants of various stakeholders (Wonsho woreda Administrative staffs, project 

beneficiaries and non beneficiaries of Bokaso town) 

Opening the Meeting / Explanation of the project: 

A welcome speech for the local Stakeholders Consultation Meeting was conducted by Ato Abera Teklu, Southern 

Region Energy Development Agency Representative. Then, Ato Worku welcomed the participants and brightly 

explained the general overview of the Foundation and its major achievements since the commencement of its 

operation in Ethiopia in the year 2005. The ultimate objectives of the Foundation is the alleviation of poverty through 

the supply of clean, safe, brighter and affordable solar home systems to each rural household in a decentralized 

manner, Worku added. 

Its objective is to establish 25 solar centers in the country each set up by 4-6 well trained solar energy technicians 

who are responsible to sell 600 solar lanterns and install 700 Solar Home Systems (SHS) to be installed on the roof 

of the rural people, thereby up to the end of 2020 disseminate 300,000 in the country. He also explained the product 


24


types and demonstrated the benefits to the participants. 

To make SHS affordable to the base of the pyramid, the Foundation designed various smaller systems such as 

ST1& ST2, which are to be sold in cash and bigger systems sold in both credit with two to three years loan period 

and cash with 10-20% discount. On top of this, Worku also explained the main benefits and advantages of solar 

systems for rural people. 

Following the project presentation, Ato Worku presented the basic concepts and objectives of carbon credits, 

including CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) and PoA (Programme of Activities). 

Questions and comments regarding the project: see section C.3.iii 

Sustainable Development Matrix Exercise / Evaluation Form: 

The meaning of each indicator of Blind Stakeholder Assessment Exercise was explained briefly to the participants 

including the scoring (negative, neutral and positive). Then participants had been provided an sheet to mark on the 

scoring in accordance with their understanding and perception as per each indicator. 

After collecting their scoring result and summarizing the outcomes, both Worku and Samson moderated the 

discussion on the scoring and questions rose on the general achievement of the Foundation. The parameters to 

follow-up the indicators were discussed and participants agreed to use the proposed parameters. Main comments 

are listed in section D.2. 

Right after finalizing the discussion on the Sustainable Development Matrix, which had been held for 1,5 hours, the 

participations were being asked to give their feedback through filling the Evaluation Form. 

Closure of the meeting 

Ato Samson Tsegaye awarded to Kes Asefa Leda, ST1 for his genuine support of the Foundation’s Solar Energy 

Technicians during the installation of the first 131 Solar Home Systems in Bokaso. Finally, Ato Samson closed the 

meeting at 1.00 pm thanking all the participants for their deliberation in the meeting and invited them to lunch. 

2) Minutes of second meeting in Addis Ababa (29 th of June, 2010): 

Place of the Meeting: Mines and Energy, Ethiopian Geological Survey Hall, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 

Date and Time of the Meeting: June 29, 2010, from 9.45 am to 1.15 pm (excl. lunch) 

Language of the Meeting: The Meeting was held in English language 

Internal participants from project developer & myclimate (not incl. in participation list): 

- Mr. Jurgen Wieland--------------------------- SEF (Germany/Switzerland) 

- Ms. Franziska Heidenreich------------------ Project Manager Myclimate 

- Ato Samson Tsegaye ------------------------ Director SEF 

- Ato Worku Abebe------------------------------ Admin and Finance Head SEF 

- Ms. Yikanu Ayalew-----------------------------Registrar and Minute Taker SEF 

- Ms. Meron Abebe-------------------------------Registrar SEF 


25


- Ms. Serkalem Terefe-------------------------- Registrar SEF 

- Ato Abinet Jemal------------------------------- Videographer SEF 

- Ato Anteneh Samson------------------------- Assistant Videographer SEF 

External participants (Stakeholders): 

- Ato Asres Wolde Giorgis --------------------- Advisor, in charge of the Office of the Minister 

and Mines and Energy Ministry 

- Ato Kahisu Tadesse----------------------------- General Director of Rural Mines & Energy 

Development & Promotion Centre 

- 26 additional participants of various stakeholders 

Opening the Meeting / Explanation of the project: 

A welcome speech for the meeting attendees was presented by Ato Asres, W/Giorgis in charge of Ministers Office 

and Advisor, Ministry of Mines and Energy on behalf of the Minister Ato Alemayew Tegenu. In his opening speech, 

he appreciated the organizer, Stiftung Solarenergie, for gathering the various stakeholders to this consultation 

meeting. He also mentioned the importance of solar energy for the development of the country, the critical issues of 

the energy sector and the country’s development plan and major achievement with this regard. 

Right after the meeting was being officially opened, an overview of Solar Energy Foundation was presented by Ato 

Samson Tsegaye, Director of SEF, supplemented by a Video show. He has presented the historical background, 

and major programs and achievements that the Foundation has registered in Ethiopia especially in the rural place 

called Rema Village which is located in North Showa Zone of the Amhara Regional State since the year 2005. 

Then Ato Worku Abebe, Admin & Finance Head of SEF, presented the Revolving Fund Project, “Solar Lighting in 

Rural Ethiopia”. Beginning from the Revolving Fund pilot phase “Scaling-up Solar Energy Supply in Ethiopia” 

covering the period 2008 to 2012, he briefly explained the operational areas of the project such as Amhara, 

Oromiya, Tigray and South. 

He also added, the Foundation designed an affordable product line with smaller solar systems such as ST1 and 

ST2, which are being sold in cash and larger system such as ST5 and above sold in cash with a certain discount 

and on credit. The experience during the pilot phase shows, that the loan repayments have been successfully 

collected with no defaulters so far. 

On top of this, Ato Worku, has discussed the prospective future plan of the Foundation as: the Foundation plans to 

establish mid-term 25 solar centers staffed with each 5 solar energy technicians who are intended to sale 600 solar 

lamps and install 700 solar system each year with the target of reaching 300,000 households by the end of 2020. 

His presentation has also covered the overall benefits of solar systems. 

Following the Revolving Fund presentation, Mr. Jurgen Wieland of German/Swiss Solar Energy Foundation, 

presented the basic concepts and objectives of carbon credits including CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) and 


26


PoA (Programme of Activities). Mr. Jurgen also gave a detailed explanation on the Carbon Financing Project Cycle. 

Questions and comments regarding the project: see section C.3.iii 

Sustainable Development Matrix Exercise / Evaluation Form: 

Right after finalizing briefing the presentation, the floor is left for the participants for discussions. Many of the 

participants raised questions or comments on the energy sector, the products’ nature, affordability, and the 

livelihood. Main comments are listed in section D.2. 

After the coffee break, a general presentation on the Sustainable Development Matrix, with its 12 indicators to be 

evaluated on Environment, Social Development and Economic and Technological Development was briefly 

explained by Mr. Jurgen. After his presentation, the participants got time to perform the Blind Sustainable 

Development Matrix Exercise. 

Then, Mr. Jurgen moderated the results of the Development Matrix through raising questions on the negative marks 

given by the participants, and to suggest their ideas on mitigation measures. 

For instance, one of the participants, raised the concern that the battery is one of the component parts of the solar 

home lighting system, that could affect the soil, water and thereby the environment. That is why I scored negative, 

he said. 

Mr. Jurgen answered, that the concept of the Foundation includes the collection and recycling of the used batteries. 

New replacement batteries will be provided only when returning the used battery. As the GEL-batteries are not 

commonly available, users need come back to their Solar Center. Hence, the risk of battery disposal to the water or 

soil can be largely avoided, so that we can mitigate potential negative impacts by implementing such mechanism. 

In the same manner, after thoroughly discussed each indication’s outcome in further detail, Mr. Jurgen invited the 

participants to fill feedback evaluation form. 

Closure of the meeting 

The closing speech was held by Ato Kahissu Tadesse, Director General of Rural Energy Development & Promotion 

Centre. 

Finally, Ato Samson Tsegaye, Director of the Foundation invited the participants to lunch. 

ii. Minutes of other consultations 

n.a. 


27

iii. Assessment of all comments 


Stakeholder comment Was comment 

taken into acc- 

There are a lot of people who are not 

beneficiaries of solar in this woreda. How 

do you address these people? 

Your project implementation is focused on 

the rural parts of the community. Will the 

urban community get a chance to buy your 

solar products? 

Do you have a project boundary or do you 

plan to reach the rural areas all over the 

country? And who will be the 

beneficiaries? 

Why do you need to compare solar 

systems with kerosene lamps? Kerosene 

lamps provides only a very small light, 

while solar generated electricity is one of 

the greatest measure of quality of life. It 

should not be compared with poor 

kerosene lamps. 

Could you extend the loan period from 2 

years to 3 years? 

ount (yes/no)? 

Explanation (Why? How?) 

yes With carbon Financing, we are planning to 

purchase solar products at larger scale and 

make it affordable to many people in the rural 

areas. Hence, we will reach around 300,000 


people with solar lighting until 2020. 

no No. Our mission is to alleviate poverty in the rural 

parts of the community through electrifying their 

homes by solar. This is because only 1-2% of the 

rural community in the country has access to 

electricity that means more than 10 million 

people don’t have electrify. On top of this, the 

landscape of most of the rural communities, 

coupled with their scattered settlements, makes it 

uneconomical to connect them with the electricity 

grid. Hence, this people have no chance of 

getting lighting service. The only option they 

have is light their homes through kerosene or 

solar. Because of limited financial and human 

resources, the Foundation has also to focus the 

scope of its operation to the rural community. 

yes Currently we are operating in four regions, 

Tigray, Amhara, South and Oromia. However, as 

we grow both financially and technically, we 

intend to operate in a first step 25 solar centers 

through out the whole country there by installing 

up to 300,000 solar lighting systems. The 

implementation scope is limited to the rural 

communities in the whole country of Ethiopia. So 

project beneficiaries are the rural people. 

no Our contribution definitely replaces kerosene 

lamps with brighter, safer and cleaner solar 

lamps. Though the two are not comparable in 

terms of various indicators like the luminous 

output intensity, cleanliness, etc, the main 

function – providing light in the evenings / during 

night is the same. The carbon finance methodology 

makes it necessary to compare the 

current with the future in use lighting device. 

no The Foundation’s finance is depending beside of 

carbon finance from loans provided by banks and 

28

Too low volume of provided products / size 

should be expanded 

Product pricing could be too expensive / 

fear of products could be not affordable for 

everyone 

“The scoring method is very much 

conservative and you should have done 

more concrete” 

“I do not like the way the project is working 

with EEPA (Ethiopian Electric Power 

Authority), the project should assess 

initially in order not to have duplication of 

electrification (whatever the source may 

be) of a village.” 

The project is not solving our major 

problem like energy we need in the kitchen 

for cooking, because we loose many tons 

of wood per year. We need to reduce that 



other foundations as well as from payment terms 

when buying the products. The financial structure 

and foreign exchange risks do unfortunately not 

allow extending the loan period. 

yes We do our best to achieve as many people as 

possible with the solar systems. The current plan 

includes a set of assumptions. This PoA with its 

access to carbon finance will enable us to break 

a major investment barrier for this type of 

projects, so we are looking forward to even 

exceed our project goals within the next years to 

come. 

yes During the pilot phase, sales prices of offered 

products were partly subsidized by one-off 

donations/ grants. The access to carbon finance 

will allow us to further reduce the current product 

prices, so means that more and more people will 

be able to afford these solar systems, especially 

with the savings they have not buying any longer 

kerosene. 

no Some indicators of the Sustainable Development 

Matrix (esp. in the category environment and 

regarding balance of payments) were rated 

neutral, despite we also see that the project 

could contribute positively to these fields (e.g. 

reduced exposure of dry-cell batteries to the 

environment, reduced deforestation, …). As we 

did not find appropriate parameters to track these 

indicators, we want to focus the monitoring of the 

sustainable development matrix to the most 

appropriate indicators, and to apply a 

conservative approach. 

yes We take plans of EEPA into account during our 

site selection process for new solar centers to 

avoid duplication of electricity in some areas of 

the country, while most parts have no access at 

all to electricity. But finally, plans of EEPA can 

change and many people don´t want to wait for 

many years, if their village could be considered 

in the grid expansion. Big advantage of the solar 

systems is, that it can be easily transferred to 

e.g. another site, which is not connected to the 

grid. 

no We concentrate our project activities on 

generation of electricity by photovoltaic. We are 

not specialists for e.g. efficient cook stoves, but 

we hope other organizations or companies will 

29


resource.” take care of this topic soon. 

“The project is good but what I dislike is it 

may affect soil a little bit” 

iii. Revisit sustainability assessment 

Are you going to revisit the sustainable development assessment? 

Please note that this is necessary when there are indicators scored 

‘negative’ or if there are stakeholder comments that can’t be mitigated 

Give reasoning behind the decision 

yes From the initial set-up of the project, it was 

considered that used batteries will be taken back 

for recycling to avoid any waste to the soil. We 

use GEL-batteries in our systems, which are not 

easily accessible in the market. So if an user 

wants to replace his battery, he needs to come to 

our Solar Centers, where he will get a new 

battery only in exchange of the old one. As our 

solar systems are (mainly) able also to charge 

mobiles and run small electronic devices like a 

radio, we think that our project is even able to 

reduce the number of dry cell batteries, which 

currently ends up in the environment. So project 

impact could be even slightly positive regarding 

soil. 


Yes No 

The huge majority of indicator evaluations were at least neutral or positive: Beside of the indicator 

“Other pollutants” (92,2%, because of the usage of GEL lead acid batteries), all other indicators were 

scored minimum 95% neutral or positive (7 out of the 12 indicators even with >98%). Regarding the 

batteries, there is an effective mitigation measure in place to avoid negative impacts. 

iv. Summary of alterations based on comments 

If stakeholder comments have been taken into account and any aspect of the project modified, then 

please discuss that here. 

Because of our quite long pilot phase, in which we received already many feedbacks from endusers as 

well as from local authorities, the project setup was considering already all major comments received 

from the stakeholders. 

With the access to carbon finance we are sure that we will meet the expectations of some people 

 

30


commenting regarding the prices of the offered products and services. The access to carbon finance, 

combined with more cost benefits when operating at higher scale and the expected further decrease of 

solar system prices in the future will enable us to offer at affordable prices and reach short pay-back 

periods for the rural people. 


31


SECTION D. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT 

D. 1. Own sustainable development assessment 

i. ‘Do no harm’ assessment 

Safeguarding 

principles 

1) The project respects 

internationally proclaimed 

human rights including 

dignity, cultural property 

and uniqueness of 

indigenous people. The 

project is not complicity in 

Human Rights abuses. 

2) The project does not 

involve and is not complicit 

in involuntary resettlement. 


involve and is not 

complicity in the alteration, 

damage or removal of any 

critical cultural heritage. 

4) The project respects the 

employees’ freedom of 

association and their right 

to collective bargaining and 

is not complicit in 

restrictions of these 

freedoms and right. 



in any form of forced or 

compulsory labour. 

Description of relevance to my project 

The solar systems are directly provided to the families. 

The dignity, cultural properties and the economic, social 

and culture freedom of the participants and local people is 

not affected. All families decide independently whether 

they want to participate and every family, who can afford 

the technology, can participate regardless of their political 

or social background. As the programme is limited to 

households, no industry is involved that could have 

negative human rights influences. 

There is no involuntary resettlement involved, neither by 

direct measures nor by indirect influences of the project. 

In contrary it is one of the main goals of the project activity 

to improve the political and economical situation of the 

remote regions and reduce the migration into cities. The 

project will support a new and widely unknown technology 

and, by providing electrical light, will lead to a higher 

lifestyle in the corresponding villages. 

The project will not alter any cultural building or site 

besides the houses of the families. The solar panel is 

installed on the roof and the battery and the light bulb in 

the building. Moreover, the decision if the system is 

installed is always made by the owner of the building and 

is not dictated by an external authority or organization. 

Employees from Ethiopia conduct the installation. In the 

established solar training centres local employees are 

trained in order to allow a locally organized installation 

and maintenance of the system. The Solar Energy 

Foundation in Ethiopia respects all the employee’s 

freedoms as for instant the right to associate. Ethiopia, 

which is a member of the ILO since 1923, has ratified both 

the convention 87 (freedom of association) and 98 (right to 

collective bargaining). 

All the employees offer their service on a voluntary basis. 

There is no penalty for e.g. trained Solar Technicians if 

they want to quit their job at Solar Energy Foundation. 

Both the ILO Convention 29 and 105 are ratified by 


Assessment 

of my project 

risks 

breaching it 

(low/med/high) 

Mitigation 

measure 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

32


employ and is not complicit 

in any form of child labour. 



in any form of discrimination 

based on gender, race, 

religion, sexual orientation 

or any other basis. 

8) The project provides 

workers with a safe and 

healthy work environment 

and is not complicit in 

exposing workers to unsafe 

or unhealthy work 

environments. 

9 The project takes a 

precautionary approach in 

regard to environmental 

challenges and is not 

complicity in practices 

contrary to the 

precautionary principles. 


involve and is not 

complicity in significant 

conversion or degradation 

of critical natural habitats. 



in corruption. 


Ethiopia. 

The Solar Energy Foundation will not employ or train any 

child for any service in terms of the project activity. As the 

project comprises the installation and maintenance of a 

new and almost unknown technology only well-trained 

workers can provide the demanded services. Both ILO 

Convention 138 and 182 have been ratified by Ethiopia. 

Solar Energy Foundation maintains a zero-tolerance 

working environment for any form of discrimination. 

Managers are encouraged to hire female staff and 

consistently promote gender equity within all hiring and 

promotion decisions. 

Ethiopia has ratified both ILO Convention 100 and 111. 

The workers are not be exposed to hazardous chemicals 

or other dangerous materials. The GEL-batteries are 

sealed and there is no direct contact of the employees or 

the end-users to the lead acid material inside. 

They are trained in the Solar Training Centers and learn 

there how to install and maintain the solar systems in a 

safe way. The Solar Systems only provide low-voltage 

electricity of 6V or 12V. 

As shown in the assessment above there is no harm to 

human health or environment expected. However, in case 

any harm is discovered or anticipated by the stakeholders 

and project participants the Solar Energy Foundation will 

stop the activities and will not continue unless the risk is 

assessed and covered appropriately. 

The installation or operation of the solar systems do not 

threaten any natural habitat, as each of the Solar Centers 

needs only very limited space within the corresponding 

rural area/ village. Also the headquarter of SEF in the 

“Solar Valley” close to Addis Ababa does not impact 

natural habitats. The trained employees of the Solar 

Centres observe the operation of the systems and will 

support the households in order to guarantee an 

appropriate working process. 

Transparency International ranks Ethiopia in their 

Corruption Perceptions Index published in November 

2009 on rank 120 out of 180 countries. This is an ongoing 

improvement compared to rank 126 in 2008 and 138 in 

2007. 

A strict Anti-Corruption-Policy is implemented in the Solar 

Energy Foundation and so it is clear for every employee, 

that corruption is not acceptable at all. The labour 

contracts contain an article stating that involvement in 

corruption is a immediate termination reason. 


low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low n.a. 

low/ med All employees 

are informed 

that corruption 

will not be 

accepted. 

The labour 

contracts 

contain an 

article stating 

that 

involvement in 

33

Additional relevant 

critical issues for my 

project type 

1) The batteries could end 

up in the environment. 

2) The electricity is not 

used for lighting but will be 

used for other activities 

such as entertainment, 

which would reduce the 

positive impacts on social 

development. 


Description of relevance to my project Assessment of 

relevance to my 

project 

(low/med/high) 

After lifetime of the battery ended, people 

could try to find a new battery and replace 

the battery by themselves. Then they 

could throw away the old battery in the 

environment. 

Our solar systems SunTransfer 1, 2, and 

5 are focussed on light and mobile 

charging. The battery capacity is not 

sufficient to operate bigger systems like 

tape recorders or even TVs. 

Regarding the fixed installed Solar Home 

Systems ST 10, ST20 and ST60, we are 

asking for carbon credits only for the 

number of provided CFL and LED lamps. 

The additional provided solar power to 

operate tape recorders or TVs is not 

considered. For entertainment systems 

we have special other products, which are 

separately sold, as they do not replace 

kerosene lamps: Solar TV, Solar Media 

Box; Solar Power Box. So people looking 

for entertainment are not buying light 

products, which they could “misuse” (with 

the impact, that not enough capacity is 

available for lighting), but they can buy 

directly the entertainment system. 


Mitigation measure 

corruption is a 

termination 

reason. 

med It is difficult to find suitable 

GEL batteries in Ethiopia in 

a usual market. Therefore, 

the user has to come to 

our Solar Center and buy 

there the new battery. 

It will be mandatory that for 

a new battery people need 

to provide back the old 

one. We make sure that 

the battery is recycled and 

will not end up in the 

environment. 

low Product range prevents 

people from “misuse” of 

lighting solar power for 

other applications. 

34

Sustainable development matrix 


Millennium Development Goals (MDG): 

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger relevant 

2. Achieve universal primary education relevant 

3. Promote gender equality and empower women not relevant 

4. Reduce child mortality not relevant 

5. Improve maternal health not relevant 

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases not relevant 

7. Ensure environmental sustainability relevant 

8. Develop a global partnership for development not relevant 

Indicator Mitigation 

measure 

Gold Standard 

indicators of 

sustainable 

development. 

If relevant copy 

mitigation 

measure from 

"do no harm" – 

table, or include 

mitigation 

measure used to 

neutralise a 

score of ‘–‘ 

Relevance to 

achieving MDG 

Check 

www.undp.or/mdg 

and 

www.mdgmonitor. 

org 

Describe how your 

indicator is related 

to local MDG goals 

Chosen 

parameter and 

explanation 

Defined by project 

developer 


Preliminary 

score 

Negative impact: 

score ‘-‘ in case 

negative impact is not 

fully mitigated 

score 0 in case impact 

is planned to be fully 

mitigated. 

No change in impact: 

score 0 

Positive impact: 

score ‘+’ 

Air quality MDG 7 Tons of replaced 

kerosene 

+ 

Water quality Battery By implementing 

0 

and quantity 

the mitigation 

measure the 

project does not 

lead to an impact 

on water quality. 

Soil condition Battery By implementing 


measure the 



on soil condition. 

0 

Other 

pollutants 

Battery 0 

Biodiversity 0 

Quality of 

employment 

Number of 

trained 

employees (Solar 

+ 

35

Livelihood of 

the poor 

Access to 

affordable and 

clean energy 

services 

Human and 

institutional 

capacity 

Quantitative 

employment 

and income 

generation 

Balance of 

payments and 

investment 

Technology 

transfer and 

technological 

self-reliance 


Technicians) 

MDG 1 Tons of replaced 

kerosene 

(positive impact 

on health) 

MDG 7 Number of 

households using 

Solar Systems 



Solar Systems 

MDG 1 Number of direct 

jobs at SEF 

Number of 


Solar Systems; 

number of trained 


Technicians) 

Comments accompanying own sustainable development matrix 

The various scores are justified in detail in section D.3. of this report. Even when applying 

conservative scores for each indicator, all of the 3 main categories (Environment, Social 

Development, Economic and Technological Development) are rated positive. 


+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

0 

+ 

36


D. 2. Stakeholders Blind sustainable development matrix 

Indicator 

Gold Standard 

indicators of 

sustainable 

development 

Air quality 

Water quality and 

quantity 

Soil condition 

Other pollutants 

Biodiversity 

Quality of 

employment 

Livelihood of the 

poor 

Access to 


clean energy 

services 

Human and 

institutional 

Mitigation 

measure 

If relevant, copy 

mitigation 

measure from ‘Do 

No Harm’ 

assessment, and 

include mitigation 


neutralise a score 

of ‘-’ 

Relevance to 

achieving MDG 

Check 

www.undp.org/mdg 

and 

www.mdgmonitor.org 


indicator is related to 

local MDG goals 

Chosen parameter 

and explanation 


developer 


Preliminary 

score (avg. 

of both 

Bokaso & 

Addis) 

MDG 7 Tons of replaced + (90%) 

kerosene 

0 (10%) 

Battery By implementing + (64%) 


measure the 




0 (35%) 

Battery By implementing + (82%) 


measure the 




0 (16%) 

Battery + (81%) 

0 (12%) 

+ (37%) 

0 (62%) 

Number of 

+ (91%) 

trained 


Technicians) 

0 (8%) 

MDG 1 Tons of replaced + (93%) 

kerosene 

(positive impact 

on health) 

0 (4%) 


+ (94%) 


Solar Systems 

0 (2%) 



+ (94%) 

0 (4%) 

37


capacity Solar Systems 

Quantitative 

employment and 

income 

generation 

Balance of 

payments and 

investment 

Technology 

transfer and 

technological 

self-reliance 


jobs at SEF 


Number of 





Technicians) 

Comments resulting from the stakeholders blind sustainable development matrix 

+ (94%) 

0 (5%) 

+ (90%) 

0 (6%) 

+ (94%) 

0 (3%) 

We have received in Bokaso 83 filled Sustainable Development Matrix forms, and in Addis 22. As 

some participants did not evaluate all indicators, the percentage of evaluations showed above 

considers only the scores; the not evaluated indicators were not considered. 

The Stakeholders considered all indicators positive beside “Biodiversity”, which was evaluated 

neutral. 

The big majority of comments by participants were expressing the positive impacts of the project, 

while only a few potentially negative points were raised during the discussion. 

Air quality: Less dangerous smoke has overall very positive impacts on health 

Water quality and quantity: slight positive impact, as less kerosene impacts water quality 

Soil condition: Positive impact because not only kerosene consumption will be reduced, but also 

less firewood will be used. Negative impact, because batteries could end up in the environment. 

Other pollutants: no discussion on this indicator 

Biodiversity: Positive impact because not only kerosene consumption will be reduced, but also 

less firewood will be used. Reduces pressure on forests. 

Quality of employment: Higher safety for people while working and living (less risk of fire/ burns). 

Direct jobs at Solar Energy Foundation were considered to be safe, using highly qualified 

technicians. 

Livelihood of the poor: Living standards will clearly improve with brighter and cleaner light; better 

health care service when Health Centers will use solar systems. 

Access to affordable and clean energy services: Clearly positive, that solar systems will be 

provided to the rural communities. 

Human and institutional capacity: qualified training of Solar Technicians; light allows kids and 

adults to read and learn during evening hours. 

Quantitative employment and income generation: Solar light allows longer business hours for 

38


traders, handcrafts and other people; direct job creation at Solar Energy Foundation. 

Balance of payments and investments: savings due to stop of kerosene purchase 

Technology transfer and technological self-reliance: no discussion on this indicator. 

Give analysis of difference between own sustainable development matrix and the one resulting from the 

blind exercise with stakeholders. Explain how both were consolidated. 

To be conservative, we want to consider as positive only the indicators with a major positive impact 

and scores during the Local Stakeholder Consultations Blind Sustainable Development Matrix 

Exercise of minimum 90% positive. 

During the last Stakeholder Consultation Process, we showed to the participants (of course after 

they filled the Sustainable Development Matrix form) our proposed final score and our proposed 

parameters to track these indicators in the future. Discussion with the participants showed great 

support of the final evaluation, with only one exemption who considered the evaluation to be too 

conservative. 

D. 3. Consolidated sustainable development matrix 

Indicator 

Gold Standard 

indicators of 

sustainable 

development 

Air quality 

Water quality and 

quantity 

Soil condition 

Mitigation 

measure 

If relevant, copy 

mitigation 

measure from ‘Do 

No Harm’ 

assessment, and 

include mitigation 


neutralise a score 

of ‘-’ 

Relevance to 

achieving MDG 

Check 

www.undp.org/mdg 

and 

www.mdgmonitor.org 


indicator is related to 

local MDG goals 

Chosen parameter 

and explanation 


developer 


kerosene 

Battery By implementing 


measure the 




Battery By implementing 


measure the 





Final score 

+ 

0 

0 

39


Other pollutants Battery 0 

Biodiversity 0 

Quality of 

employment 

Livelihood of the 

poor 

Access to 


clean energy 

services 

Human and 

institutional 

capacity 

Quantitative 

employment and 

income generation 

Balance of 

payments and 

investment 

Technology 

transfer and 

technological selfreliance 

Number of trained 


Technicians) 


kerosene (positive 

impact on health) 



Solar Systems 



Solar Systems 


jobs at SEF 

Number of 





Technicians) 

Justification choices, data source and provision of references 

Air quality The indoor air quality is substantially improved by the project due to the replacement 

of kerosene lamps. The incineration of kerosene in simple lamps causes smoke (at it 

can be easily observed) and therefore a higher concentration of particles in the 

houses. Mainly the traditional can lamps, as they are often used in rural Ethiopia, lead 

to significant emissions. Lighting by fires, candles and simple kerosene wick lamps 

can be a significant source of pollution (WHO, 2000). 

Burning kerosene causes severe indoor air pollution by emitting noxious fumes and is 

responsible for millions of cases of asthma and respiratory illnesses every year. 

WHO: 

http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section1243/Section1310/Section1343/Section1344/Secti 

on1357_5349.htm; Environ. Health Perspectives: 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533083/ 


+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

0 

+ 

40

Water quality 

and quantity 


References: Schare S. and K.R. Smith, “Particulate emission rates of simple 

kerosene lamps”, Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume 2 (2), 1995 

http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/keroseneemission.pdf 

WHO, “Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and 

Human Health”, www.who.int/mediacentre/events/HSD_Plaq_10.pdf, 2002 

- "Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health 

challenge" by Nigel Bruce, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, & Rachel Albalak 

On the other hand, using solar energy for lighting does not cause any air pollution. 

The air quality improvement is monitored by counting the tons of replaced kerosene, 

as calculated anyway as baseline for the CO2 reduction. 

No significant impact on water quality and quantity is expected. The project does not 

use water during its installation and operation phase (beside for cleaning the panels) 

and does not produce any wastewater. 

Nevertheless water quality could be negatively influenced by the disposal of different 

parts of the solar system, first of all of the batteries. The mitigation measure as 

outlined above will account for this case. A separate monitoring is not applied. 

Soil condition As the solar systems will prevent some people from burning firewood, some 

participants of the consultation meeting expect positive impacts of the project. 

Other 

pollutants 

The soil condition could only be negatively influenced by the disposal of parts of the 

solar system. Except for the batteries and the solar panel, whose inappropriate 

disposal can lead to damages and is taken into account by the mitigation measures 

defined above, the solar systems do not contain any critical parts that could lead to an 

enhanced compromise compared to the baseline. A separate monitoring is not 

applied. 

There are no other pollutants expected. The potential exposure of the GEL lead acid 

batteries to the environment is tracked within the “Battery” mitigation measure. A 

separate monitoring is not applied. 

Biodiversity The biological system is not affected by the project, as it does not have any influence 

on biological problems as, for instance, the destruction of habitat or the 

overharvesting. It could have some slight positive impacts, which will be impossible to 

measure. A separate monitoring is therefore not applied. 

Quality of 

employment 

Livelihood of 

the poor 

The training of local people is an important part of the project and will enhance the 

quality of the employment in the corresponding region. It is also a crucial part of the 

quality assurance procedure as only skilled workers can assure an appropriate 

installation and maintenance of the solar systems. In 2007 Solar Energy Foundation 

founded the International Solar Energy School and plans to educate as much electro 

technicians as possible in terms of the specific aspects of solar technology. The 

students learn the theoretical background and experience solar energy in practice. 

Therefore the project will directly provide trainings and employment to local people. 

For the monitoring the number of trained solar technicians (graduates) will be 

provided. 

Compared to the baseline the livelihood of the poor is substantially improved. Thanks 

to the solar light people can benefit from the evening as it has never been possible 

before for them, even if they had hurricane kerosene lamps, which is more efficient 


41

Access to 


clean energy 

services 

Human and 

institutional 

capacity 

Quantitative 

employment 

and income 

generation 


than the common wick kerosene lamp. Particularly women, who have barely time 

during the day, can use the evening hours for their family, education or work. Health 

condition is improved due to the reduction of indoor air pollution and risk of burns and 

loss of property due to fires are also decreased. As the health aspect is in the focus of 

this indicator, we chose the tons of replaced kerosene as monitoring parameter, as it 

shows the reduced indoor air pollution and therefore the positive impact on the health 

of the people using solar energy. 

As most of rural families work in the agricultural sector, they have irregular income. 

Money of selling crops and/or livestock can be used to buy the solar systems by cash 

or to pay instalments. From the day of implementation of the solar system, running 

costs for lighting almost disappears. Depending on the kerosene consumption before 

buying the solar system, the pay-back is usually below 1 year for portable solar lamps 

and at 2-3 years for the solar home systems. 

As fossil fuel is substituted for solar energy the dependency on imported kerosene will 

decrease. According to the International Energy Agency Ethiopia imports hundred 

percent of the consumed kerosene (266 000 tons in 2007). 

The reliability of solar systems is ensured by the Solar Energy Foundation, because 

we distribute them only to regions, where we can ensure ongoing presence and 

therefore ongoing maintenance services. 

The number of households using solar systems shows how many people get access 

to affordable and clean energy services. Therefore this is our parameter to monitor 

this indicator. 

References: IEA Statistics, “Oil in Ethiopia in 2007”, www.iea.org, 6/2010 

Due to the clean and bright light from the solar system the educational opportunity is 

enhanced, particularly for children and women who have barely time during the day. 

Pilot projects proofed that the new technology is well accepted in the population and 

that dealing with this new technology raised the awareness regarding health and 

environment. The economical and social situation of the rural villages may profit from 

the new energy. 

As a measureable parameter for the improved human capacity, we use the number of 

households using solar systems, as this determines the number of provided 

opportunities to the people. 

The installation of the solar systems is mainly conducted by local Ethiopians. The 

number of direct jobs created at the Solar Energy Foundation (incl. Sales partners and 

future franchisees) is monitored as the parameter for the development of the 

quantitative employment thanks to the project. The created jobs position will be 

permanent over the whole project period and beyond. All jobs involve different skills 

and qualifications with low health and safety risks. 

In addition, by providing solar light, the living condition is improved, which can be the 

basis for an improved educational, economical and employment situation in rural 

Ethiopia. Using the bright LEDs from the Solar systems, the productive hours for 

dealers, handcrafts can be increased, and mobile phone charging services can be 

offered to raise additional income. As these impacts to the rural communities are 

almost impossible to measure, we will monitor only the number of direct jobs as 

explained above. 


42

Balance of 

payments and 

investment 

Technology 

transfer and 

technological 

self-reliance 


The project will strengthen the local, decentralized energy supply and therefore 

decrease the oil import dependency. Furthermore the establishment of a microfinance 

structure will support the regional finance and will increase the self-reliance. All 

necessary installations and maintenance works are conducted by locals. Given the 

high kerosene prices in rural areas in Ethiopia, the investments in solar systems have 

usually a very short payback of 1-2 years, so people save substantial amount of 

money during the expected long lifetime of the solar systems. Ongoing after-salesservice 

offered by the Solar Centers (e.g. replacement of batteries and spare parts) 

ensures the long product lifetime. 

As these impacts to the rural communities are almost impossible to measure in a 

cost-effective way, we consider the direct project impact to this indicator as neutral. 

Therefore we do not apply a separate monitoring. 

Solar technology is currently not common throughout Ethiopia and even less in rural 

Ethiopia. Besides the technological aspects, the financing approach including 

payment in instalments has been barely experienced by the local village people. 

Therefore education regarding how the system works and its benefits and risks are 

crucial and must be performed by staff, which is close to the final customers. 

The number of households using solar systems is showing the direct beneficiaries of 

the project, which are trained in using solar technology. The number of trained 

employees (Solar Technicians) at the International Solar Energy School shows the 

number of people who got access to sustainable know-how for the solar technology, 

which was previously lacking in Ethiopia. 


43


SECTION E. DISCUSSION ON SUSTAINABILITY MONITORING PLAN 

Discuss stakeholders’ ideas on monitoring sustainable development indicators. Do people have 

ideas on how this could be done in a cost effective way? Are there ways in which stakeholders can 

participate in monitoring? 

The parameters to monitor the sustainable development were discussed with the participants during 

the Local Stakeholder Consultation meetings. No other ideas regarding the parameters were 

mentioned by the participants. 

With the following 4 parameters we are able to monitor the impact on sustainable development for 

the 7 positive evaluated indicators: 

Tons of replaced kerosene 

Number of households using solar systems 

Number of trained employees (Solar Technicians) 

Number of created direct jobs 

The tons of replaced kerosene will be determined by using the same methodology like described in 

the PoADD, which will be the basis for the calculation of the reduced CO2-emissions. 

The number of households using solar systems (incl. the number of provided LED lights) can be 

determined by using the sales statistics of the Management Information System (MIS), which will be 

used during all the credit period. It provides data like type of sold system (which provides 

information of number and luminous output of LEDs), customer name and address, and other 

relevant data. 

The number of trained Solar Technicians at the International Solar Energy School (ISES) as well as 

the number of direct jobs at Solar Energy Foundation can be provided by the Administration 

Department of Solar Energy Foundation. 

SECTION F. DESCRIPTION OF THE DESIGN OF THE STAKEHOLDER 

FEEDBACK ROUND 

This report will be provided to the participants of the Local Stakeholder Meeting in Addis by sending 

it electronically to all known eMail-adresses. We will make it also available to the participants in 

Bokaso, by providing the report to the representatives of the local authorities and by informing the 

rural people about availability of the report.


ANNEX 1. ORIGINAL PARTICIPANTS LIST 

Please find below the scans of the original participation lists of all external participants: 

6 pages from the first meeting on June 27 th , 2010 in Bokaso and 3 pages from the second meeting 

on June 29 th , 2010 in Addis Ababa: 


45



46



47



48


ANNEX 2. ORIGINAL EVALUATION FORMS 

Please find below some representative scans of the original evaluation forms. 

2 in Amharic and 3 in English language: 


49



50



51



52



53

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