Teachers' guide 2 - National STEM Centre

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304 Appendix 4 4 Laboratory housekeeping It is essential that students be taught to set up apparatus neatly and to make sure that once set up it is free from hazard. This can only be done if the bench is free of unnecessary impedimenta. All chemicals that are used must be returned immediately to their proper place. It is also essential that students should wash their apparatus immediately after use when they are still aware of the contents. The benches should be cleared and all spillages dealt with, on the floor as well as the bench. A pair of stepladders should always be available to discourage the practice of using makeshift ladders (such as wooden boxes) to get materials from high places. Two dust bins should be available, one for glass only and the other for other laboratory waste. First aid in the laboratory First aid in the laboratory should be limited to keeping the patient comfortable until a doctor or ambulance arrives, except in minor accidents. Minor accidents Cuts - should be washed thoroughly with water and bound with a bandage or with lint and sticking plaster. Burns - should be covered with a sterile burns dressing. If blisters form these must not under any circumstances be broken. For mild acid or alkali burns, wash with water, neutralize with dilute sodium bicarbonate or citric acid solution respectively, and cover with a dressing soaked in sodium bicarbonate for acid burns and saline solution for alkaline burns. Eyes - For low concentrations of irritant vapour in the eyes, wash thoroughly with water. Use water only for washing out the eyes. Mild acid, alkaline, or saline solutions may have precipitated particles which aggravate the irritation. The presence of such solutions can inhibit the more natural, and safer, impulse to rush to a water tap. If in doubt, seek medical aid. Poison by ingestion - In the majority of cases the poison is spat out by the patient. In these cases, thorough washing with water is usually sufficient. However, common sense must dictate the course of action. Major accidents In all major accidents medical help should be sought immediately. All first aid cabinets should contain the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of local doctors, hospitals, and ambulance units.
Safety Cuts - Staunch the bleeding and seek medical aid. If glass or any other foreign body is present in the cut, do not attempt to remove it. Burns - The initial treatment is the same as for minor burns. Eyes - Wash thoroughly with water. If the accident is caused by a foreign body in the eye, such as glass, make no attempt to remove it but get the patient to a doctor immediately. Poison by ingestion - In most cases the cause of poisoning is known to the patient and the first aid treatment referred to in the following pages should be followed. However, if it is not known, ascertain whether there is any burning round the mouth or lips. If no burning is apparent, give the patient an emetic or, as a last resort, place your fingers towards the back of the throat. If burning has occurred give the patient plenty of water or milk. N.B. Never administer alcohol and never force anything into the mouth of an unconscious person. Artificial respiration - Although it is extremely unlikely that this will be called for, at least one person and preferably more should be capable of giving mouthto-mouth respiration. Emetics - These are given to induce vomiting. The following are the most common types of emetic. a Mustard. One teaspoonful of mustard in a glass of warm water. Administer in doses of one quarter of the glass followed by a glass of warm water, repeated at one minute intervals. b Salt water. Two teaspoonfuls of salt in water administered at one minute intervals until four glasses have been taken. c Soapy water. Shake mild soap in warm water and administer as in (a). Electrical accidents - When attempting to rescue any person who is electrocuted, turn off the current at the mains or protect the hands by using rubber gloves or some dry material, e.g. duster, jacket. Make sure you are suitably insulated from the floor by standing on a dry mat or a coat. Remove the patient rapidly to a safe place and render first aid. 305
Page 1 and 2: Appendix 1 Nomenclature, units, and
Page 3: Nomenclature, units, and abbreviati
Page 6 and 7: 262 Appendix 2 Rubber caps for 100
Page 8 and 9: 264 Appendix 2 Adjustment will be r
Page 10 and 11: 266 Appendix 2 Construction The ins
Page 12 and 13: 268 Appendix 2 FigurcA.7 Box and li
Page 14 and 15: 270 Appendix 2 The box is then furt
Page 16 and 17: 272 Appendix 2 polaroid cork protra
Page 18 and 19: 274 Appendix 2 light, so the instru
Page 20 and 21: 276 Appendix 2 Before these curves
Page 22 and 23: 278 Appendix 2 These can be conveni
Page 24 and 25: 280 Appendix 2 The components requi
Page 26 and 27: 282 Appendix 2 screw clip Figure A.
Page 28 and 29: 284 Appendix 2 solutions required f
Page 30 and 31: 286 Appendix 2
Page 32 and 33: 288 Appendix 3 For this course a nu
Page 34 and 35: 290 Appendix 3 By the use of rubber
Page 36 and 37: 292 Appendix 3 For further informat
Page 38 and 39: 294 Appendix 3 Transparencies have
Page 40 and 41: 296 Appendix J Other film loops are
Page 42 and 43: 298 Appendix 3 display board (figur
Page 45 and 46: Appendhc4 Safety A correct attitude
Page 47: Safety c Storage of chemicals i Onl
Page 51 and 52: Name benzoyl chloride bromine bromo
Page 53 and 54: Name 2-naphthol nitric acid nitro b
Page 55 and 56: Appendix 5 Examinations and tests T
Page 57 and 58: Examinations and tests In many resp
Page 59 and 60: Examinations and tests available to
Page 61 and 62: Examinations and tests The form of
Page 63 and 64: Examinations and tests in order to
Page 65 and 66: Examinations and tests Information
Page 67 and 68: Examinations and tests Example A Re
Page 69: Examinations and tests Example B An
Page 72 and 73: 328 Appendix 6 most effective way o
Page 74 and 75: 330 Appendix 6 Programme writers ar
Page 76 and 77: 332 Appendix 6 5 Remedial programme
Page 78 and 79: 334 Appendix 6 non-experimental pro
Page 80 and 81: 336 Appendix 6 It is generally agre
Page 82 and 83: 338 Reference sources and bibliogra
Page 84 and 85: 340 References sources and bibliogr
Page 86 and 87: 342 Reference sources and bibliogra
Page 89 and 90: Index References to specific salts
Page 91 and 92: Index endothermic reactions, equili
Page 93 and 94: Index paper chromatography, 218, 21
Page 95 and 96: Acknowledgements The Nuffield Found
Page 97 and 98: Acknowledgements Chemistry teachers

Teachers' guide 2 - National STEM Centre

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