Tobacco use in shisha: Studies on waterpipe smoking

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 10 1.1 General description of the waterpipe ............................................................................... 10 1.2 Structure of waterpipes ..................................................................................................... 11 1.3 History of the waterpipe ................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Composition and types of tobacco <strong>use</strong>d <strong>in</strong> waterpipes .................................................... 12 1.5 Attributes and magnitude of waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Egypt ............................................... 13 2. National survey on waterpipe <strong>use</strong> and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease <strong>in</strong> Egypt 2002 ............................................................................................................ 16 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Subjects and methods ....................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 18 2.5 Smok<strong>in</strong>g, hypertension, diabetes and obesity association ................................................ 21 2.6 Limitations of the study and recommendations ............................................................... 27 3. National survey on cigarettes and waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Egypt, 2005 ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Results .............................................................................................................................. 32 4. Epidemiology of waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the rural areas of the Nile Delta ...................................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Methods and participants ................................................................................................. 39 4.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 40 4.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 47 5. Comparison of cigarette and waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g among female university students <strong>in</strong> Egypt .................................................................................. 52 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Method ............................................................................................................................. 53 5.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 54 5.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 55 6. Behavioural and biological aspects of waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Egypt ................................................................................................................... 59 6.1 Relationship between cigarette smok<strong>in</strong>g and waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g ................................... 59 6.2 Interplay between social factors and waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g ................................................. 60 6.3 <strong>Studies</strong> on biological <strong>in</strong>dicators of toxicity on waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g ................................. 61 6.4 Biological <strong>in</strong>dicators of waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g ..................................................................... 62 6.5 Health hazards associated with waterpipes ...................................................................... 63 3
7. The micronucleus test <strong>in</strong> buccal mucosa cells for assessment of the genotoxicity of waterpipe smok<strong>in</strong>g ................................................... 78 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 78 7.2 Subjects and methods ....................................................................................................... 79 7.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 80 7.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 81 <strong>Tobacco</strong> <strong>use</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>shisha</strong>
Page 3: WHO Library Cataloguin</str
Page 8 and 9: Summary The waterpipe (also known a
Page 10 and 11: 14. As an example of biomarker-base
Page 12 and 13: 1.2 Structure of waterpipes Parts a
Page 14 and 15: The average nicotin</strong
Page 16 and 17: (shisha) smok<stro
Page 18 and 19: 2.2 Subjects and methods In 2002, a
Page 20 and 21: Type of smoker Adult male (%) Exclu
Page 22 and 23: Overall cigarette consumption (mill
Page 24 and 25: Table 2.6 Hypertension, high random
Page 26 and 27: individuals are cu
Page 28 and 29: 2.6 Limitations of the study and re
Page 30 and 31: [23] Gomma RA. Report of health <st
Page 32 and 33: 13 National survey on cigarettes an
Page 34 and 35: Table 3.1 Age, sex and residence di
Page 36 and 37: It is very well shown that there is
Page 38 and 39: Group 2: non-current waterpipe smok
Page 40 and 41: 4 Epidemiology of waterpipe smok<st
Page 42 and 43: 16% 4% 1% 79% Figure 4.1 Overall sm
Page 44 and 45: Waterpipe smoking
Page 46 and 47: Many waterpipe smokers (57%) have a
Page 48 and 49: Nearly one-third of all smokers wer
Page 50 and 51: In the present study the prevalence
Page 52 and 53: [24] Fadel AK, Hamam MH, Abdel Aziz
Page 54 and 55:
could encourage smokin</str
Page 56 and 57:
It is less harmful To decrease smok
Page 58 and 59:
population was aware that smok<stro
Page 60 and 61:
6 Behavioural and biological aspect
Page 62 and 63:
turn, health is affected by occupat
Page 64 and 65:
Percentage Figure 6.2 Carboxyhaemog
Page 66 and 67:
oth groups) levels in</stro
Page 68 and 69:
to cigarette smokers needs further
Page 70 and 71:
significant association between tob
Page 72 and 73:
[15] El-Shaer AAA, El-Mosalamy MA,
Page 74 and 75:
[43] Amin AAA. Eff
Page 76 and 77:
[70] El Shimy WS, Shallouf MA, Ghor
Page 78 and 79:
[98] Bayoumi W, Muhamed SF, Mursi.
Page 80 and 81:
7.2 Subjects and methods The Egypti
Page 82 and 83:
Table 7.1 Mean TMN and smok
Page 84 and 85:
[7] Desai SS, Ghaisas SD, Jakhi SD,
Page 86:
The rules and regulations stipulate
show all

Tobacco use in shisha: Studies on waterpipe smoking

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?