Spiral Retaining Rings & Wave Springs - Bearing Engineers, Inc.

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RING DESIGN ENGINEERING DESIGN ENGINEERING ENGINEERING DESIGN Smalley Spiral Retaining Ring and Snap Ring applications, although diverse, can be analyzed with a straight forward set of design calculations. There are four main areas that should be considered in most applications. 1. Material Selection 2. Load Capacity 3. Rotational Capacity 4. Installation Stress Smalley Application Engineers are available to provide immediate technical assistance. The following pages of Spiral Retaining Ring and Snap Ring engineering design have been developed from over 40 years of extensive testing and research into the various applications of retaining rings. The formulas are provided for the preliminary analysis of a ring application and the design of a Smalley ® Retaining Ring. Design engineers commonly associate the word “retaining ring” to a basic style or type of retaining device. In reality, retaining rings are nearly as diverse as their applications. Smalley Spiral Retaining Rings offer a distinct alternative and in many instances an advantage over the more common retaining rings available on the market today. Some of the major distinctions are: SPIRAL WOUND IN MULTIPLE TURNS Increases load capacity yet allows easy assembly by hand or as an automated process. UNIFORM RADIAL SECTION Provides a pleasant appearance on the assembled product. Beneficial when radial clearance is limited. SIMPLIFIED ASSEMBLY Wind into groove. No special pliers/tools needed to install or remove. Removal notch provided for easy removal using a screwdriver. 360˚ RETAINING SURFACE No gap – no protruding ears. DESIGN FLEXIBILITY Ring thickness can be changed to accommodate most any application by either varying material thickness and/or number of turns. Standard rings meet military and aerospace specifications. Special designs are produced quick and economical in many alloys. Diameters from .200" to 90" 96 WWW.SMALLEY.COM
LOAD CAPACITY Understanding the load capacity of a Smalley Retaining Ring assembly requires calculations for both ring shear and groove deformation, with the design limitation being the lesser of the two. RING DESIGN The load capacity formulas do not take into account any dynamic or eccentric loading. If this type of loading exists, the proper safety factor should be applied and product testing conducted. In addition, the groove geometry and edge margin (i.e., the distance of the groove from the end of the shaft or housing) should be considered. When abusive operating conditions exist, true ring performance is best determined thorough actual testing. RING SHEAR Although not commonly associated as a typical failure of Smalley Retaining Rings, ring shear can be a design limitation when hardened steel is used as a groove material. Ring thrust load capacities based on ring shear are provided within this catalog’s tables of standard rings. These values are based on a shear strength of carbon steel with the recommended safety factor of 3. FORMULA: PR = D T SS π K Where: PR = Allowable thrust load based on ring shear (lb) D = Shaft or housing diameter (in) T = Ring thickness (in) SS = Shear strength of ring material (psi) K = Safety factor (3 recommended) EXAMPLE: 1. WH-550-S16 2. Safety factor = 3 P R = 5.500 (.072) 108,000 (π) 3 P R = 44,787 lb RING SHEAR The thrust load based on ring shear above, must be compared to the thrust load based on groove deformation to determine which is the limiting factor in the design. GROOVE DEFORMATION (YIELD) Groove deformation is by far the most common design limitation of retaining rings. As permanent groove deformation occurs, the ring begins to twist. As the angle of twist increases, the ring begins to enlarge in diameter. Ultimately, the ring becomes dished and extrudes (rolls) out of the groove. As a conservative interpretation, the following equation calculates the point of initial groove deformation. This does not constitute failure which occurs at a much higher value. A safety factor of 2 is suggested. Ring thrust load capabilities based on groove deformation are provided within this catalog’s tables of standard rings. FORMULA: PG = D d Sy π K Where: PG = Allowable thrust load based on groove deformation (lb) D = Shaft or housing diameter (in) d = Groove depth (in) Sy = Yield strength of groove material (psi), see Table 1 K = Safety factor (2 recommended) EXAMPLE: 1. WH-550-S16 2. Groove material yield strength = 45,000 psi 3. Safety factor = 2 P G = 5.500 (.074) 45,000 (π) 2 P G = 28,769 lb PERMANENT GROOVE MATERIAL DEFORMATION TYPICAL GROOVE MATERIAL YIELD STRENGTHS Hardened Steel 8620 110,000 psi Cold Drawn Steel 1018 70,000 psi Hot Rolled Steel 1018 45,000 psi Aluminum 2017 40,000 psi Cast Iron 10-40,000 psi Table 1 Since ring shear was calculated at 44,787 lb, the groove yields before the ring shears. Therefore 28,769 lb is the load capacity of the retaining ring. CALL SMALLEY AT 847.719.5900 97 ENGINEERING
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Engineering and Parts Catalog Stock
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COMPANY PROFILE Founded in 1918 as
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RAW MATERIAL As we meet the increas
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FINISHED PARTS WAREHOUSE Smalley ma
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GENERAL INFO SMALLEY ENGINEERING &
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WAVE SPRING INTRODUCTION SPRINGS AL
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WAVE SPRING INTRODUCTION SPRINGS WA
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WAVE SPRING APPLICATIONS SPRINGS SL
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SSR SERIES STANDARD SECTION SPRINGS
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SSR-N SERIES NARROW SECTION WAVE SP
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SSB SERIES METRIC BEARING PRELOAD S
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SSRS SERIES CIRCULAR-GRAIN ® SHIMS
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RING INTRODUCTION RINGS ADVANTAGES
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SELECTION GUIDE RINGS RETAINING RIN
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SELECTION GUIDE RINGS INTERCHANGE L
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RING APPLICATIONS RINGS BIKE LOCK T
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ASSEMBLY METHODS RINGS MANUAL INSTA
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Page 108 and 109: GLOSSARY ENGINEERING Bore Diameter:
Page 110: NOTES 110 WWW.SMALLEY.COM
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