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DRUM (family Sciaenidae) Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens Quick key characteristics: The freshwater drum is found in cool- to warmwater habitats. Its scales are moderate in size and readily visible. It has two, unseparated (but distinct), elongated dorsal fi ns, one (in front) with sharp spines instead of rays. It has one spine in the rear dorsal fi n, one in each pelvic fi n, and two in the anal fi n. It has a moderately large, downwardfacing mouth, with a blunt, over-hanging snout and the upper jaw extends backward to the pupil of the eye. Its body is much taller than wide and the back is highly arched between the head and front dorsal fi n. Similar species in South Dakota: none Range: The freshwater drum is native to river basins that fl ow into the Gulf of Mexico, as well as southern portions of the Great Lakes and Red River of the North basins. In South Dakota, it is known from eastern river basins, the Missouri River and its impoundments, and the Cheyenne River basin. It primarily occupies larger rivers, lakes, and impoundments and is tolerant of turbidity. Items of interest: • Feeds on insects, crayfi sh, molluscs, and small fi shes • Named for its “drumming” or “grunting” noises, produced during spawning by specialized muscles that vibrate against the swim (gas) bladder • Fished commercially in other states • May exceed 39 in. and 36 lbs. 64
FISH SPECIES FOUND IN SOUTH DAKOTA *Species that are presumed extirpated- they once existed in South Dakota during historical times, but no longer are found here. **Species that are nonnative- they historically did not occur in South Dakota but were brought here by humans. ***Artifi cial hybrids introduced as sport fi sh. Lamprey (Petromyzontidae) *silver lamprey ----------------------------------------- Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Sturgeon (Acipenseridae) lake sturgeon ----------------------------------------------- Acipenser fulvescens pallid sturgeon ---------------------------------------------Scaphirhynchus albus shovelnose sturgeon ---------------------------- Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Paddlefi sh (Polyodontidae) paddlefi sh ----------------------------------------------------- Polyodon spathula Gar (Lepisosteidae) longnose gar -------------------------------------------------- Lepisosteus osseus shortnose gar -------------------------------------------Lepisosteus platostomus Bowfi n (Amiidae) bowfi n ------------------------------------------------------------------ Amia calva Mooneye (Hiodontidae) goldeye ---------------------------------------------------------- Hiodon alosoides *mooneye ---------------------------------------------------------Hiodon tergisus Eel (Anguillidae) American eel --------------------------------------------------- Anguilla rostrata Herring (Clupeidae) skipjack herring --------------------------------------------- Alosa chrysochloris **alewife --------------------------------------------------Alosa pseudoharengus gizzard shad --------------------------------------------- Dorosoma cepedianum 65
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GUIDE TO THE FISHES OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Page 5 and 6:
RESOURCES Books and articles 1. Ash
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QUICK KEY TO IDENTIFYING FISHES Eac
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MOUTH POSITION: the direction (forw
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Operculum: hard, bony “fl ap” (
Page 13 and 14: Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus
Page 15 and 16: GAR (family Lepisosteidae) Shortnos
Page 17 and 18: EEL (family Anguillidae) American E
Page 19 and 20: MINNOW (family Cyprinidae) Common C
Page 21 and 22: Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nob
Page 23 and 24: Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleuc
Page 25 and 26: Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas
Page 27 and 28: Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus
Page 29 and 30: White Sucker Catostomus commersonii
Page 31 and 32: Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinell
Page 33 and 34: Shorthead Redhorse Moxostoma macrol
Page 35 and 36: Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus natalis Qu
Page 37 and 38: Flathead Catfi sh Pylodictis olivar
Page 39 and 40: PIKE (family Esocidae) Northern Pik
Page 41 and 42: SMELT (family Osmeridae) Rainbow Sm
Page 43 and 44: Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawyt
Page 45 and 46: Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Q
Page 47 and 48: COD (family Gadidae) Burbot Lota lo
Page 49 and 50: TEMPERATE BASS (family Moronidae) W
Page 51 and 52: Green Sunfi sh Lepomis cyanellus Qu
Page 53 and 54: Orangespotted Sunfi sh Lepomis humi
Page 55 and 56: Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomie
Page 57 and 58: White Crappie Pomoxis annularis Qui
Page 59 and 60: PERCH (family Percidae) Johnny Dart
Page 61 and 62: Yellow Perch Perca fl avescens Quic
Page 63: Walleye Sander vitreus Quick key ch
Page 67 and 68: Sucker (Catostomidae) river carpsuc
Page 69 and 70: Sunfi sh (Centrarchidae) rock bass
Page 73 and 74: NOTES
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