Glossary of Terms - Paints and Coatings - Brenntag Specialties, Inc.

solvent for the polymer. Low-solvency aliphatic
hydrocarbons are the most commonly used solvents.
Oil Paint:
Paint that contains a drying oil as the sole film forming
ingredient. Linseed oil is most commonly used for this
purpose. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are used in small
amounts as the solvent.
Paint:
Any pigmented liquid designed for application to a
substrate in a thin layer which is converted to an
opaque solid film after application. Used for protection,
decoration or identification, or to serve some functional
purpose such as the filling or concealing of surface
irregularities, the modification of light and heat radiation
characteristics, etc.
Primer:
First complete coat of paint applied to a surface.
Designed to provide adequate adhesion to new
surfaces. The type of primer varies with the surface,
it’s condition, and the total painting system to be used.
Shellac:
Orange colored resin which is the secretion of the lac
beetle found in great quantities in India and Indochina.
Shellac is ordinarily dissolved in denatured ethyl
alcohol.
Thermoplastic Resin:
Resin which remains fluid on heating and hardens
when cooled. Remains soluble in the original solvent
and does not become insoluble upon heating.
Thermosetting Resin:
Resin which polymerizes to a permanently solid
infusible state upon the application of heat. Once
heated, it will not dissolve in the original solvent blend.
Varnish:
A liquid composition which is converted to a
transparent solid film after application as a thin layer.
Once the film has completely dried, it will no longer
dissolve in the solvent blend from which it was applied.
RESIN TYPES
Acrylics:
Resins made from the polymerization of esters of
acrylic and methacrylic acids. Most acrylics require
strong solvents, although some may be formulated
using aromatic hydrocarbons without oxygenated
solvents.
Glossaries
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Alkyds:
Synthetic resins formed by the condensation of
polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids. They may be
regarded as complex esters. The most common
ingredients are glycerine and phthalic anhydride.
Many alkyds also are made with monocarboxylic acids
derived from vegetable oils such as soybean oil and
linseed oil. Solvent requirements vary, ranging from
strong aromatic hydrocarbons for alkyds which contain
small amounts of oil modifiers to low solvency aliphatic
hydrocarbons, suitable for alkyd resins which have
high concentrations of oil modifiers.
Chain Stopped Alkyd:
A very fast drying alkyd that has been modified (chain
terminated) with a mono-functional material that
imparts lacquer type dry speed with fast hardness
development.
Copolymer Alkyd:
A drying oil alkyd modified with styrene, vinyl toluene,
reactive silicone or acrylic monomer.
Epoxy Resins:
Resins which contain epoxy groups (also known as
oxirane rings). Most commonly made from
epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Epoxy resins may be
liquid or solid, depending on their molecular weight.
They use mixtures of alcohol, keytones and
hydrocarbon solvents.
Nitrocellulose:
A synthetic cellulosic resin prepared by treating
cellulose with a mixture of nitric sulfuric acids. Widely
used as a resin for lacquers and as a film-forming
material for flexographic and gravure inks. Primary
resinous material used in fine furniture finishes.
Nitrocellulose requires strong solvents. Mixtures of
keytones, esters and hydrocarbons are used as
solvents, and alcohols are included as latent solvents.
Nitrocellulose is also known by the names cellulose
nitrate and pyroxylin.
Oil Length:
Generally refers to the oil content or phthalic anhydride
content of an alkyd polymer.
*Short Oil - generally contains from 40 to 50 percent
phthalic anhydride.
*Medium Oil - contains from 30 to 40 percent
phthalic anhydride.
*Long Oil - contains from 20 to 30 percent phthalic
anhydride.
Polyester Resins:
A special type of alkyd resin, prepared from
dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy alcohols. Commonly
MINERALS COLORS CHEMICALS ADDITIVES RESINS EQUIPMENT