AFRICA - House Foreign Affairs Committee Democrats

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pression (see Sections 1.a., 1.b., and 1.g.). The only political party allowed to operate
openly in RCD/G and RDF territory was the UDPS, which in April joined the Alliance
to Save the Dialogue (ASD) with Rwanda and the RCD/G. There were numerous
reports that RCD/G and RDF soldiers subsequently forced citizens in Goma,
Kisangani, and Uvira to assemble and cheer for UDPS president Etienne Tshisekedi
when he toured through the eastern part of the country in June.
Rebels forcibly dispersed religious services (see Section 2.c.).
No action was taken against RCD/G troops who fired on demonstrators in Bukavu
in September 2001.
c. Freedom of Religion.—Although there is no constitution currently in effect, the
Government generally respected freedom of religion in practice, provided that worshipers
did not disturb public order or contradict commonly held morals; however,
government forces committed some abuses.
The establishment and operation of religious institutions was provided for and
regulated through a statutory order on the Regulation of Non-profit Associations
and Public Utility Institutions. Requirements for the establishment of a religious organization
were simple and generally were not subject to abuse. The law grants civil
servants the power to establish and dissolve religious groups. There were no reports
of the Government suspending or dissolving a religious group; however, during the
year, the Government outlawed Bunda Dia Kongo, an ethnically-based spiritual and
political movement that called for the violent overthrow of the Government and the
establishment of an ‘‘ethnically pure’’ kingdom for the Bakongo tribe. Officially recognized
religions were free to establish places of worship and to train clergy. In
practice religious groups that are not recognized also worshipped freely.
While the Government generally did not interfere with foreign missionaries, they
were not exempt from general restrictions by security forces, such as restrictions on
freedom of movement imposed on all persons by security force members who erect
and man roadblocks, at which they often solicit bribes.
Some abuses against churches or clergy occurred in government-controlled areas
as a result of a lack of discipline of individual government soldiers. These abuses,
usually the harassing of priests at checkpoints or the theft of church property, were
not linked to any religious or politically motivated policy.
On July 20, Bunda dia Kongo followers reportedly clashed with police in Louzi
and Moanda; 10 of the demonstrators in Luozi and 4 in Moanda were killed, and
numerous others were injured by gunshot. One policeman reportedly also was killed.
In areas not under government control, respect for religious freedom continued to
be poor. RCD/G and RDF soldiers continued to commit significant abuses in these
areas and deliberately targeted churches and religious leaders in the towns and villages
under their control. These actions were believed to be part of an attempt to
intimidate the population and in retaliation for the growing role of churches as one
of the few remaining forums for community discussion and peaceful political activism.
Abuses took the form of arbitrary killings, arrests, and disappearances of pastors,
priests, and laymen; public threats against the lives of religious leaders; pillaging
and destruction of church property; and the use of armed soldiers to disperse
forcibly religious services (see Section 1.b.).
On April 12, in Bukavu, Rwandan and RCD/G soldiers surrounded the congregations
of several Catholic churches and forcibly dispersed, beat, and kicked parishioners.
Although the Catholic Church had applied for and received permission from
the Mayor of Bukavu and the Vice Governor of South Kivu Province to hold a Mass
at which Catholics from all parishes in South Kivu Province were to assemble and
pray for peace, Rwandan and RCD/G soldiers announced on the radio that the Mass
was forbidden. During the broadcast, RCD/G Commander Chuma Balumisa issued
threats against the Catholic Church; specific priests, including Monseigneur Maroyi;
and anyone who participated in the Mass. The Catholic Church cancelled the Mass
and told parishioners to pray instead at their local parishes. On the morning of
April 12, Rwandan forces armed with guns and RCD/G soldiers and police armed
with batons surrounded the main religious centers in each parish and lined the
main roads in Bukavu. In the Cahi Parish, soldiers entered the church, beat parishioners
and priests, and destroyed the statue outside the Church. In Nyamwera Parish,
Rwandan soldiers used tear gas to disperse a group of young students. In Mater
Dei of Muhungu Parish, soldiers chased parishioners from their church, beat them,
and fired shots in the air. Soldiers at the same parish violently kicked a group of
children between the ages of 8 and 12 who were marching toward the church chanting,
‘‘We ask for peace.’’ Numerous persons were injured, including two priests, a
14-year-old girl, and a 17-year-old boy. No action was taken against those responsible
by year’s end.
For a more detailed discussion see the 2002 International Religious Freedom Report.
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