Lessons on Orographic Precipitation from MAP - MMM
Lessons on Orographic Precipitation from MAP - MMM
Lessons on Orographic Precipitation from MAP - MMM
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Height (km)<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
Precipitati<strong>on</strong> Enhancement Mechanism in IOP2b<br />
REFLECTIVITY<br />
1 2 3 4 5 63h MEAN S-Pol RADAR DATA<br />
FREQUENCY OCCURRENCE<br />
Dry snow (50 %)<br />
Wet snow (30 %)<br />
Graupel - Shaded<br />
dBZ<br />
54<br />
44<br />
34<br />
24<br />
14<br />
4<br />
-6<br />
-16<br />
-26<br />
m/s<br />
RADIAL VELOCITY 36<br />
30<br />
24<br />
18<br />
12<br />
6<br />
0<br />
-6<br />
-12<br />
%<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
120 90 60 30 0<br />
Distance (km) <strong>from</strong> S-Pol radar<br />
snow<br />
0ºC<br />
rain<br />
Slightly<br />
unstable<br />
air<br />
cloud droplets<br />
rain growing<br />
by coalescence<br />
TERRAIN<br />
graupel growing<br />
by riming<br />
Medina and Houze (2003) &<br />
Houze and Medina (2005)
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