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changes to the BiBlical text a Many people are familiar with the biblical story about how David defeated the giant Goliath (1 Samuel chapter 17). But was Goliath: a) 6 feet 9 inches b) 8 feet 3 inches c) 9 feet 9 inches? The answer depends on which ancient text of the Bible you consult (see section 9.5). B c 9.0 chineSe whiSperS This section provides a short overview of the history of the biblical text and looks at the issue of whether a ‘Chinese Whispers’ effect really has changed the Bible over the years. The BiBle STyle Guide 69 bible society 2008
70 The BiBle STyle Guide bible society 2008 9.1 the text of the BiBle The text of the Bible has been copied and studied far more than that of any other book. The technical term used for the study of the biblical text is ‘textual criticism’. Textual criticism is a field of research that involves investigating the history of the biblical text. The aim is either to try to get as close to the original text as possible or sometimes, to investigate how an ‘official’ version of the text came together. Until the invention of printing in the Middle Ages, the Bible was copied out by hand. Mistakes often crept into copies of the text. Textual critics try to unpick these mistakes by carefully noting variations or corrections among different manuscripts. how exactly did changes creep into copies of the text? There are a whole series of reasons. These include: Mistaking certain words when copying; Missing out phrases or words when copying; Confusing similar letters, missing out letters, writing letters in the wrong order or adding extra letters; Mis-spellings of certain words; Trying to correct the poor grammar of some of the biblical writers; Trying to harmonise differences (i.e. assuming a previous copyist had made a mistake); Trying to clarify historical/geographical or theological problems; Certain theological biases; Adding in notes from the margin. which reading is the original? Textual critics use a series of rules of thumb when deciding which text out of several alternatives is closer to the original. They consider criteria such as: Which text is earliest; Which kinds of text they are; Whether the same reading is found in a number of different regions; Some scholars tend to prefer more difficult readings because these are less likely to have been ‘smoothed out’ by a scribe; They also tend to prefer the shortest, most straightforward readings.
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