design of phantom and metallic implants for 3d - ePrints@USM

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE SMART PHANTOM FOR POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING by RAFIDAH BINTI ZAINON Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA AUGUST 2008
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With the name of Allah, The Most Merciful and The Most Benevolent. First and foremost my gratitude goes to Allah for giving me an opportunity doing my research study and learns lots of new knowledge. I would like to convey my warmest thanks greeting to my main supervisor, Associate Proffesor Mohamad Suhaimi Jaafar, Professor Ahmad Shukri Mustapa Kamal as my co-supervisor and Dato’ Dr Mohamed Ali Kader Shah as my clinical supervisor at Nuclear Medicine Department in Penang GH for giving me much valuable advice and useful guidelines while I’m doing my research study. Next, I would like to thank the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for support my study in Academic Staff Training Scheme (ASTS). I also wish to thank Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), USM for providing me the financial support to fabricate multipurpose smart phantom and practical training at Putrajaya Hospital. I wish my sincere appreciation to Dr Fadzillah Hamzah, Mr. Mustaffa Hamidon, Mr. Muhd Ludfi Abdul Samat, Ms Noraidawati Embong, Ms Prema Devi a/p Chellayah and the whole staff at Nuclear Medicine Department at Penang GH for their excellence assistance and support during my experiments there. I would like to convey my thanks to Professor Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Nor, Professor Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Dr Azhar Abu Bakar, Dr Zulkifli Ahmad, Dr Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff at School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, ii
Page 1: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURP
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS iv PAGE Acknowledgements i
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY OF PREPARATI
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Page 11 and 12: Table 5.9 Linear attenuation coeffi
Page 13 and 14: Figure 4.3 Cylindrical shaped of PT
Page 15 and 16: Figure 4.37 A cylindrical shaped al
Page 17 and 18: Figure 5.18 Experimental values of
Page 19 and 20: Figure 5.54 Two-dimensional PET sin
Page 21 and 22: eFOV Extended Field of View CTAC Co
Page 23 and 24: Name Definition Z Atomic number LIS
Page 25 and 26: Ci Curie mCi Milicurie γ Gamma Gy
Page 27 and 28: LIST OF APPENDICES Figure A.1 Conne
Page 29 and 30: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURP
Page 31 and 32: 1.1 BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCT
Page 33 and 34: This imaging modalities use an inte
Page 35 and 36: It is now considered the most accur
Page 37 and 38: performed, the activity injected, t
Page 39 and 40: 1.5 THESIS ORGANISATION In this sec
Page 41 and 42: quantum energy and the atomic numbe
Page 43 and 44: 2.1.2 COMPTON SCATTERING Compton sc
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.4 RAYLEIGH (COHERENT) SCATTERIN
Page 47 and 48: The quantity of µl is found to inc
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.3 EXPONENTIAL DECAY With the pa
Page 51 and 52: eginning of that time interval. Aft
Page 53 and 54:
2.5 SUV OF 18 F-FDG The most widely
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