design of phantom and metallic implants for 3d - ePrints@USM

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TCD Thermal conductivity detector MCA Multichannel Analyser MCB Multichannel buffer PC Personal computer DC Direct current RTD Rise time discrimination GUI Graphical user interface PP Polypropylene MDI Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate PE Polyether DMCHA Dimethylcyclohexylamine PDs Polydispersity indices CdTe Cadmium Tellurium FWHM Full Width Half Maximum CCT Carbon conductive tabs ICRU International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements xxi
Name Definition Z Atomic number LIST OF SYMBOLS σ/ ρ Mass attenuation coefficient of Compton process E Energy τ/ ρ Mass attenuation coefficient of photoelectric process π/ ρ Mass attenuation coefficient of pair production process Ke Kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron h Planck constant ν Velocity of the electron EB Binding energy of the emitted electron σph Cross section of photoelectric process hν Quantum energy θ Electron angle 2m0c 2 The rest mass of the electron-positron pair E+ The kinetic energy of positron E+ The kinetic energy of electron Enuc The kinetic energy of nucleus ∆I Transmitted photon beam intensity I Incident photon beam intensity µl Linear attenuation coefficient of the absorber ∆x The thickness of the absorber µm Mass attenuation coefficient of the material µl Linear attenuation coefficient of the material xxii
Page 1 and 2: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURP
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With the name of A
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS iv PAGE Acknowledgements i
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY OF PREPARATI
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Page 11 and 12: Table 5.9 Linear attenuation coeffi
Page 13 and 14: Figure 4.3 Cylindrical shaped of PT
Page 15 and 16: Figure 4.37 A cylindrical shaped al
Page 17 and 18: Figure 5.18 Experimental values of
Page 19 and 20: Figure 5.54 Two-dimensional PET sin
Page 21: eFOV Extended Field of View CTAC Co
Page 25 and 26: Ci Curie mCi Milicurie γ Gamma Gy
Page 27 and 28: LIST OF APPENDICES Figure A.1 Conne
Page 29 and 30: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURP
Page 31 and 32: 1.1 BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCT
Page 33 and 34: This imaging modalities use an inte
Page 35 and 36: It is now considered the most accur
Page 37 and 38: performed, the activity injected, t
Page 39 and 40: 1.5 THESIS ORGANISATION In this sec
Page 41 and 42: quantum energy and the atomic numbe
Page 43 and 44: 2.1.2 COMPTON SCATTERING Compton sc
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.4 RAYLEIGH (COHERENT) SCATTERIN
Page 47 and 48: The quantity of µl is found to inc
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.3 EXPONENTIAL DECAY With the pa
Page 51 and 52: eginning of that time interval. Aft
Page 53 and 54: 2.5 SUV OF 18 F-FDG The most widely

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