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Descendants of Darius I Great to Alfred Landon

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surrounding a common cult. Other names that retain the theonym are Inguiomerus/Ingemar and<br />

Yngling, the name <strong>of</strong> an old Scandinavian dynasty.[2]<br />

The Ingwaz rune<br />

This article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see<br />

question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead <strong>of</strong> runes.<br />

Name Pro<strong>to</strong>-Germanic<br />

Anglo-Saxon *IngwazIng<br />

Shape Elder Futhark<br />

Futhorc<br />

Unicode<br />

Transliteration<br />

?<br />

Transcription ?<br />

IPA<br />

Position in rune-row 22<br />

Generation 31 (con't)<br />

The ? rune (with variants and ) <strong>to</strong>gether with Peorð and Eihwaz is among the problematic cases<br />

<strong>of</strong> runes <strong>of</strong> uncertain derivation unattested in early inscriptions. The rune first appears<br />

independently on the futhark row <strong>of</strong> the Kylver s<strong>to</strong>ne, and is al<strong>to</strong>gether unattested as an<br />

independent rune outside <strong>of</strong> such rows. There are a number <strong>of</strong> attestations <strong>of</strong> the i?? bindrune or<br />

(the "lantern rune", similar in shape <strong>to</strong> the Anglo-Saxon G?r rune ?), but its identification is disputed<br />

in most cases, since the same sign may also be a mirror rune <strong>of</strong> Wynn or Thurisaz. The earliest<br />

case <strong>of</strong> such an i?? bindrune <strong>of</strong> reasonable certain reading is the inscription mari??s (perhaps<br />

referring <strong>to</strong> the "Mærings" or Ostrogoths) on the silver buckle <strong>of</strong> Szabadbattyán, dated <strong>to</strong> the 5th<br />

century.<br />

The Old English Runic Poem contains these obscure lines:<br />

? Ing wæs ærest mid Eástdenum<br />

gesewen secgum, oð he síððan eást<br />

<strong>of</strong>er wæg gewát. wæn æfter ran.<br />

þus Heardingas þone hæle nemdon.<br />

"? Ing was first amidst the East Danes<br />

so seen, until he went eastward<br />

over the sea. His wagon ran after.<br />

Thus the Heardings named that hero."<br />

Norse Yngvi<br />

In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi, alternatively Yngve, was the progeni<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> the Yngling lineage, a<br />

legendary dynasty <strong>of</strong> Swedish kings from whom the earliest his<strong>to</strong>rical Norwegian kings in turn<br />

claimed <strong>to</strong> be descended, see also Freyr.<br />

Information on Yngvi varies in different traditions as follows:<br />

" Yngvi is a name <strong>of</strong> the god Freyr, perhaps intended as Freyr's true name while Frey 'Lord'<br />

is his common title. In the Ynglinga saga and in Gesta Danorum, Frey is euhemerized as a king <strong>of</strong><br />

Sweden. In the Ynglinga saga, Yngvi-Frey reigned in succession <strong>to</strong> his father Njörd who in turn<br />

succeeded Odin. Yngvi-Frey's descendants were the Ynglings.<br />

" In the Íslendingabók Yngvi Tyrkja konungr 'Yngvi king <strong>of</strong> Turkey' appears as father <strong>of</strong><br />

Njörd who in turn is the father <strong>of</strong> Yngvi-Freyr, the ances<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> the Ynglings.<br />

" In the Skjöldunga saga Odin came from Asia and conquered Northern Europe. He gave<br />

Sweden <strong>to</strong> his son Yngvi and Denmark <strong>to</strong> his son Skjöldr. Since then the kings <strong>of</strong> Sweden were<br />

called Ynglings and those <strong>of</strong> Denmark Skjöldungs (Scyldings).<br />

" In His<strong>to</strong>ria Norwegiæ, Ingui is the first king <strong>of</strong> Sweden, and the father <strong>of</strong> Njord, the father <strong>of</strong>

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