Parasitic Copepods of Mackerel - and Tuna-like Fishes (Scombridae ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Shiino later (1954:150) reported it (as C. fulvipurpureus) from the body surface of several Cololabis saira from Japan and again (Shiino, 1959b:277) from off Mexico (Pacific) as C. macarovi. This parasite apparently is common on Pacific Cololabis (also reported from this host by Kazachenko, et al, 1972: 224). It is not surprising that a copepod common on a prey species of fish (Cololabis) would occasionally be found on its predator species. The female of this species is characterized by the following. Cephalon comprises about 40 percent of total length (see Figure 73g). Genital segment about as wide as cephalon, sides nearly parallel. Abdomen one-segmented, about twice as long as wide. Second antenna with usual claw, posterior process on basal segment. Postantennal spine short, angle of inner curve greater than 90° (see Figure 73h). Maxilliped with 2-segmented claw. Sternal furca (Figure 73*) tines not widely divergent, not sharply pointed. Leg 1 basipod with patch of spinules, 3 inner lateral setae of last segment with spinules on outer basal part followed by fringe. Leg 2 endopod segments (Figure 74a) each with a dense patch of spinules on outer edge. Leg 4 (Figure 74fc) exopod 2-segmented, last segment without midlateral spine, distalmost spine longer than adjacent spine. Male as in female except in body form. Second antenna with short claw and rugose areas on basal segment. Maxilliped with rugose area on basal segment opposite tip of claw. We did not collect this parasite during the course of this study. This is undoubtedly due to its rarity on scombrids and its occurrence on the body surface of the host (not usually found on preserved hosts). Caligns amblygenitalis Pill a i, 1961 FIGURE l\c-g Caligns amblygenitalis Pillai, 1961:98. Pillai describted this species from a single female collected from the body surface of Euthynnus affinis from Vizhingom, India. It has not been recorded since. The female is distinguished by the following characters. Frontal lunules widely separated, interlunular space about 3 times diameter of lunule (according to Pillai's figure). Genital segment about as long as cephalon and with lobed posterior corners. Abdomen 1-segmented, about twice as long as wide. Second antenna with posterior process on basal segment. Postantennal process (first maxilla of Pillai) long and blunt. Sternal furca with widely divergent tines, spread of tines wider than base. Leg 1 lateral setae with spinules on basal part of outer edge. Leg 2 endopod segments with a patch of narrow spinules on the outer edge of each, second spine on exopod with strong teeth on outer edge. Leg 4 exopod 2segmented, bearing 4 spines (no lateral spine on last segment which is usually present in other species when exopod is 2-segmented), distalmost spine about onethird longer than adjacent spine. Caligus pseudokalumai Lewis, 1968 Caligns pseudokalumai Lewis, 1968:59. This species was described from a single female collected from the body surface of a Gymnosarda unicolor from Eniwetok Atoll. Lewis compared this species with a previously described species, Caligus kalumai Lewis, 1964, collected from Acanthurus guttatus from Hawaii. The differences between the 2 species are slight and Lewis suggested that their close relationship should be more closely examined when additional material is available. We feel that this species represents an accidental infestation and Gymnosarda unicolor is not its usual host. Lewis has provided a good description with illustrations and since this is undoubtedly not a scombrid parasite we will not repeat a description here. Elytrophora Gerstaecker, 1853 Elytrophora brachyptera Gerstaecker, 1853 FIGURES 75-77, 106 Elytrophora brachyptera Gerstaecker, 1853:58. Elytrophora hemiptera Wilson, 1921:4. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—78 collections containing 771 9 269 $ from the gill area of the following hosts and localities: Thunnus alalunga from He Amsterdam, Chile, New Jersey, Brazil (north coast), North Atlantic (25°N, 35°W), Azores Islands; T. albacares from Chagos, Australia (NSW), Christmas Island (Pacific), Hawaii, New Jersey, Brazil (north coast) ; T. atlanticus from St. Thomas Island; T. maccoyii from Western Australia (Albany) ; T. obesus from He Amsterdam, Seychelles, Christmas Island (Pacific),
NUMBER 3 1 1 37 Hawaii, Juan Fernandez Islands, New Jersey, Brazil (north coast), Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands, Azores Islands; T. thynnus from South Africa (west coast), Eastern Pacific, Western North Atlantic, New Jersey, Portugal (Lisbon); Allothunnus fallai from New Zealand, California. FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 75a. Total length 8.26 mm, greatest width 4.71 mm (measured at widest part of cephalon). Genital segment longer than wide (2.61 X 1-89 mm). Abdomen 2-segmented, segments measure (1 X w) 0.72 X 0.87 mm, 0.68 X 0.85 mm respectively; first segment partially hidden in dorsal view by flaps of genital segment. Caudal rami (Figure 756) longer than wide (680 X 400 /*m), each with 6 setae (2 very small). First antenna (Figure 75c) 2-segmented. Second antenna (Figure 75d) basal segment with prominent triangular process, terminal segment clawlike with 1 short spine and 1 seta. Mouthtube, mandible, post oral process and first maxilla as in Figure 75e; mandible with 12 teeth; post oral process about as long as mouthtube; first maxilla with 3 small setae. Second maxilla (Figure 75/) terminal segment with 2 prominent pectinated membranes at about mid-point, terminally with 2 long curved, subequal fringed processes. Maxilliped (Figure 75g) claw distal half finely grooved. Sternal furca (Figure 76a) with stout, widely divergent tines. Leg 1 (Figure 76b) biramous, endopod first segment without ornamentation, second segment spinulose along outer edge, 3 inner setae; exopod onesegmented with 3 stout, fringed outer spines, 1 terminal plumose seta, 3 inner plumose setae. Leg 2 (Figure 76c) biramous, rami 3-segmented, endopod first and second segments each with spinulose outer edges, third segment small, with 6 setae; exopod with 4 outer spinulose spines, last segment with 6 setae. Leg 3 (Figure 76d) endopod first segment with inner seta, second segment with 2 inner setae, third segment small, with 4 setae; exopod as in Figure 77a. Leg 4 (Figure 77b) endopod 2-segmented, first segment with inner seta, second segment incompletely divided with one short inner seta and 3 short terminal setae; exopod first segment with outer spinulose spine, second segment similar, with inner seta, third segment with 3 outer to terminal spines and 4 short inner setae. Legs 5 and 6 represented by 1 and 3 setae respectively on lateral genital segment. MALE.—Body form as in Figure 77d\ Total length 6.67 mm, greatest width 3.62 mm (measured at widest part of cephalon). Genital segment (Figure 77«) longer than wide (1.74 X 1.53 mm). Abdomen 2segmented, segments measure (1 X w) 0.56 X 0.72 mm, 0.52 X 0.69 mm respectively. Caudal rami similar to female. First antenna 2-segmented, similar to female. Second antenna (Figure 77/) terminal segment long, recurved claw with stout spine on inner margin; triangular process on basal segment not as prominent as in female. Remaining cephalic appendages except maxilliped similar to female. Maxilliped modified as in Figure 77g. Sternal furca slender, tines less divergent than in female. Legs 1-6 similar to female, except leg 4 endopod setae longer. REMARKS.—Examination of Wilson's types of E. hemiptera indicate that they are actually E. brachyptera and we have placed his species in synonomy. Hewitt (1968) made a tentative revision of the genus Elytrophora in which he considered E. brachyptera to be the only species with 2 additional subspecies {atlantica and indica). We feel that E. indica is a valid species and have indicated it as such below. Elytrophora brachyptera is a circumglobal species found on several species of Thunnini. We noticed that material collected from colder waters (New Zealand and lie Amsterdam) show a variation in the armature of leg 4. One of the 4 inner setae is strongly developed whereas in specimens from more temperate waters all of these setae are reduced (compare Figures 77& and c). We did not feel this variation warranted designating the colder water material as a new species. These variant specimens were collected from the lie Amsterdam specimen of Thunnus obesus and the southernmost specimens of Allothunnus. Elytrophora indica Shiino, 1958 FIGURES 78, 79a,b, 106 Elytrophora indica Shiino, 1958:107. Elytrophora brachyptera indica Shiino.—Hewitt, 1968:124. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—9 collections containing 128 $ 27 $ from the gill area of Thunnus obesus from He Amsterdam, Seychelles, Christmas Island (Pacific), Juan Fernandez Islands. FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 78a. Total length 10.15 mm, greatest width 5.80 mm (measured at widest part of cephalon). Genital segment (Figure 78fc) longer than wide (2.97 X 2.20 mm). Abdomen
Page 1 and 2: m Parasitic Copepods of Mackerel -
Page 3 and 4: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
Page 5 and 6: Contents Introduction 1 Known Host
Page 7 and 8: Parasitic Copepods of Mackereland T
Page 9 and 10: NUMBER 3 1 1 Tribe SARDINI Jordan a
Page 11 and 12: NUMBER 3 1 1 edges of spines; endop
Page 13 and 14: NUMBER 3 1 1 ramus (see Figure 76).
Page 15 and 16: NUMBER 311 29 9 9 $ from the Gulf o
Page 17 and 18: NUMBER 3 1 1 11 seta extending almo
Page 19 and 20: NUMBER 3 1 1 13 tinguished from U.
Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 311 15 no other species is t
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 3 1 1 17 This species is fou
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 3 1 1 19 Euthynnus allettera
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 311 21 India (Madras), weste
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 3 1 1 23 solandri from north
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 3 1 1 25 Republic, Mozambiqu
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 3 1 1 27 Caligus bonito fema
Page 35 and 36: NUMBER 3 1 1 29 spicuous spinules o
Page 37 and 38: NUMBER 311 31 between it and C. bis
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 311 33 teratus (locality unk
Page 41: NUMBER 3 1 1 35 corner and an inner
Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 311 39 a partially dissected
Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 3 1 1 41 small rugose knob o
Page 49 and 50: NUMBER 3 1 1 43 Leg 1 (Figure 90*)
Page 51 and 52: NUMBER 311 45 FEMALE.—Body form a
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 3 1 1 47 Caligus biseriodent
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 311 49 Unicolax ciliatus Sco
Page 57 and 58: Bassett-Smith, P. W. 1896. Notes on
Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 3 1 1 53 1958. Parasitic Cop
Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 3 1 1 55 E D FIGURE 2.—Hol
Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 3 1 1 57 D FIGURE 4.—Holob
Page 65 and 66: NUMBER 3 1 1 59 FIGURE 6.—Holobom
Page 67 and 68: NUMBER 3 1 1 61 FIGURE 8.—Holobom
Page 69 and 70: NUMBER 311 63 FIGURE 10.—Unicolax
Page 71 and 72: NUMBER 3 1 1 65 FIGURE 12.—Unicol
Page 73 and 74: NUMBER 3 1 1 67 B D FIGURE 14.—Un
Page 79 and 80: NUMBER 3 1 1 73 B FIGURE 20.—Unic
Page 81 and 82: NUMBER 311 75 B FIGURE 22.—Unicol
Page 83 and 84: NUMBER 3 1 1 77 B FIGURE 24.—Unic
Page 87 and 88: NUMBER 3 1 1 81 D \ FIGURE 28.—Ce
Page 89 and 90: NUMBER 311 83 B D FIGURE 30.—Cera
Page 91 and 92: NUMBER 3 1 1 85 B FIGURE 32.—Noth
Page 93 and 94:
NUMBER 311 87 FIGURE 34.—Orbitaco
Page 95 and 96:
NUMBER 3 1 1 89 B FIGURE 36.—Pumi
Page 97 and 98:
NUMBER 3 1 1 91 D FIGURE 38.—Shii
Page 99 and 100:
NUMBER 3 1 1 FIGURE 40.—Caligus c
Page 101 and 102:
NUMBER 3 1 1 95 FIGURE 42.—Caligu
Page 103 and 104:
NUMBER 3 1 1 97 FIGURE 44.—Caligu
Page 105 and 106:
NUMBER 3 1 1 D FIGURE 46.—Caligus
Page 107 and 108:
NUMBER 311 FIGURE 48.—Caligus bon
Page 109 and 110:
NUMBER 311 103 FIGURE 50.—Caligus
Page 111 and 112:
NUMBER 3 1 1 105 FIGURE 52.—Calig
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
NUMBER 311 113 B FIGURE 60.—Calig
Page 121 and 122:
NUMBER 3 1 1 FIGURE 62.—Caligus c
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
NUMBER 3 1 1 121 B FIGURE 68.—Cal
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
NUMBER 311 125 FIGURE 72.—Caligus
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
NUMBER 3 1 1 129 FIGURE 76.—Elytr
Page 137 and 138:
NUMBER 3 1 1 131 FIGURE 78.—Elytr
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
NUMBER 3 1 1 135 A FIGURE 82.—Tux
Page 143 and 144:
NUMBER 3 1 1 137 FIGURE 84.—Tuxop
Page 145 and 146:
NUMBER 3 1 1 139 FIGURE 86.—Pseud
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
NUMBER 3 1 1 143 E FIGURE 90.—Pse
Page 151 and 152:
NUMBER 311 145 FIGURE 92.—Pseudoc
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
NUMBER 3 11 149 o divaricatus • n
Page 157 and 158:
NUMBER 3 1 1 151 o C. euthynni * P.
Page 159 and 160:
NUMBER 3 1 1 153 o pelamydis * asym
Page 161 and 162:
NUMBER 3 1 1 155 "f 'itf mf 1 * B.
Page 163 and 164:
NUMBER 3 1 1 157 FIGURE 110.—Holo
Page 165 and 166:
NUMBER 311 159 FIGURE 112.—Holobo
Page 167 and 168:
NUMBER 311 161 FIGURE 114.—Unicol
Page 169 and 170:
NUMBER 3 1 1 163 FIGURE 116.—Unic
Page 171 and 172:
NUMBER 3 1 1 165 FIGURE 118.—Unic
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
NUMBER 311 171 FIGURE 124.—Cerata
Page 179 and 180:
NUMBER 311 FIGURE 126.—Pumiliopes
Page 181 and 182:
NUMBER 311 175 FIGURE 128.—Shiino
Page 183 and 184:
NUMBER 3 1 1 177 FIGURE 130.—Cali
Page 185 and 186:
NUMBER 311 179 FIGURE 132.—Pseudo
Page 187 and 188:
NUMBER 311 FIGURE 134.—Pseudocycn
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 195:
REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
show all

Parasitic Copepods of Mackerel - and Tuna-like Fishes (Scombridae ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?