Parasitic Copepods of Mackerel - and Tuna-like Fishes (Scombridae ...

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iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Page Caligus savala Gnanamuthu, 1948 35 Caligus macarovi Gussev, 1951 35 Caligus amblygenitalis Pillai, 1961 36 Caligus pseudokalumai Lewis, 1968 36 Elytrophora Gerstaecker, 1853 36 Elytrophora brachyptera Gerstaecker, 1853 36 Elytrophora indica Shiino, 1958 37 Gloiopotes Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861 38 Gloiopotes hygomianus Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861 38 Caligulus Heegaard, 1962 38 Caligulus longispinosus Heegaard, 1962 38 Tuxophorus Wilson, 1908 39 Tuxophorus cybii Nunes-Ruivo and Fourmanoir, 1956 39 Tuxophorus cervicornis Heegaard, 1962 39 Tuxophorus collettei, new species 39 Pseudocycnus Heller, 1868 41 Pseudocycnus appendiculatus Heller, 1968 41 Pseudocycnoides Yamaguti, 1963 42 Pseudocycnoides armatus (Bassett-Smith, 1898) 42 Pseudocycnoides scomberomori (Yamaguti, 1939) 43 Pseudocycnoides buccata (Wilson, 1922), new combination 43 Lernanthropus Blainville, 1822 44 Lernanthropus kanagurta Tripathi, 1962 44 Brachiella Cuvier, 1830 45 Brachiella thynni Cuvier, 1830 45 Brachiella magna Kabata, 1968 45 Clavellisa Wilson, 1915 45 Clavellisa scombri (Kurz, 1877) 45 Clavellopsis Wilson, 1915 45 Clavellopsis saba Yamaguti, 1939 45 Pennella Oken, 1816 46 Pennella species 46 Summary 46 Literature Cited 51 Figures 54
Parasitic Copepods of Mackereland Tuna-like Fishes (Scombridae) of the World Introduction There are 47 currently recognized species of the family Scombridae; plus an additional new species of Scomberomorus being described by Collette and Russo. One species, Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, is placed in a separate subfamily and has not been considered in this study. For approximately the last 20 years the first author has been collecting and receiving collections of the copepods parasitic on these fishes. Of the 46 species of parasitic copepods reported here, 40 species are represented in our collections. These 40 species have been collected from 2422 individual fish from all 46 species of Scombrinae. As a result of this exhaustive collection we have presented a comprehensive account of the copepods parasitic on tunas and tuna-related fishes. Our primary objective has been to produce a baseline study of the copepods parasitic on scombrid fishes. Because of the unreliability of most past literature it has been impossible to assess the host-parasite relationship, especially the degree of host specificity. By compiling a comprehensive collection such as we report Roger Cressey and Hillary Boyle Cressey, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Roger Cressey and Hillary Boyle Cressey here, resolving problems of synonymy with several copepod species, and working closely with scombrid taxonomists (R. H. Gibbs and B. B. Collette) to assure proper host identifications, we feel we have reached that objective. We do not feel that we have produced a definitive work, but hopefully, a solid foundation to which information in future collections can be added. Previous works by Lewis, Kabata, Shiino, and Pillai concerned with scombrid copepods are excellent and we have included some of their information where it fills gaps in our own collection data. For reasons stated above, however, we have not considered most of the earlier works in our host-parasite data. Because most species of scombrid fishes are commercially important, various aspects of their biology have been investigated for several years. One result of this interest has been the many reports of copepods parasitic on them since the last century. The major failing in this, however, has been the general lack of cooperative effort between parasitologists and ichthyologists. Too often, the copepod worker has been content to repeat unverified host identifications or unreliable common names. This casual approach to that aspect of the record has resulted in an account too confusing to be of much value in determining true relationships between the copepod species and their hosts. Except for a literature compilation by Silas and Ummerkutty
Page 1 and 2: m Parasitic Copepods of Mackerel -
Page 3 and 4: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
Page 5: Contents Introduction 1 Known Host
Page 9 and 10: NUMBER 3 1 1 Tribe SARDINI Jordan a
Page 11 and 12: NUMBER 3 1 1 edges of spines; endop
Page 13 and 14: NUMBER 3 1 1 ramus (see Figure 76).
Page 15 and 16: NUMBER 311 29 9 9 $ from the Gulf o
Page 17 and 18: NUMBER 3 1 1 11 seta extending almo
Page 19 and 20: NUMBER 3 1 1 13 tinguished from U.
Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 311 15 no other species is t
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 3 1 1 17 This species is fou
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 3 1 1 19 Euthynnus allettera
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 311 21 India (Madras), weste
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 3 1 1 23 solandri from north
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 3 1 1 25 Republic, Mozambiqu
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 3 1 1 27 Caligus bonito fema
Page 35 and 36: NUMBER 3 1 1 29 spicuous spinules o
Page 37 and 38: NUMBER 311 31 between it and C. bis
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 311 33 teratus (locality unk
Page 41 and 42: NUMBER 3 1 1 35 corner and an inner
Page 43 and 44: NUMBER 3 1 1 37 Hawaii, Juan Fernan
Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 311 39 a partially dissected
Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 3 1 1 41 small rugose knob o
Page 49 and 50: NUMBER 3 1 1 43 Leg 1 (Figure 90*)
Page 51 and 52: NUMBER 311 45 FEMALE.—Body form a
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 3 1 1 47 Caligus biseriodent
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 311 49 Unicolax ciliatus Sco
Page 57 and 58:
Bassett-Smith, P. W. 1896. Notes on
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NUMBER 3 1 1 53 1958. Parasitic Cop
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NUMBER 3 1 1 55 E D FIGURE 2.—Hol
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NUMBER 3 1 1 57 D FIGURE 4.—Holob
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NUMBER 3 1 1 59 FIGURE 6.—Holobom
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NUMBER 3 1 1 61 FIGURE 8.—Holobom
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NUMBER 311 63 FIGURE 10.—Unicolax
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NUMBER 3 1 1 65 FIGURE 12.—Unicol
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NUMBER 3 1 1 67 B D FIGURE 14.—Un
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NUMBER 3 1 1 73 B FIGURE 20.—Unic
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NUMBER 311 75 B FIGURE 22.—Unicol
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NUMBER 3 1 1 77 B FIGURE 24.—Unic
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Page 87 and 88:
NUMBER 3 1 1 81 D \ FIGURE 28.—Ce
Page 89 and 90:
NUMBER 311 83 B D FIGURE 30.—Cera
Page 91 and 92:
NUMBER 3 1 1 85 B FIGURE 32.—Noth
Page 93 and 94:
NUMBER 311 87 FIGURE 34.—Orbitaco
Page 95 and 96:
NUMBER 3 1 1 89 B FIGURE 36.—Pumi
Page 97 and 98:
NUMBER 3 1 1 91 D FIGURE 38.—Shii
Page 99 and 100:
NUMBER 3 1 1 FIGURE 40.—Caligus c
Page 101 and 102:
NUMBER 3 1 1 95 FIGURE 42.—Caligu
Page 103 and 104:
NUMBER 3 1 1 97 FIGURE 44.—Caligu
Page 105 and 106:
NUMBER 3 1 1 D FIGURE 46.—Caligus
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NUMBER 311 FIGURE 48.—Caligus bon
Page 109 and 110:
NUMBER 311 103 FIGURE 50.—Caligus
Page 111 and 112:
NUMBER 3 1 1 105 FIGURE 52.—Calig
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
NUMBER 311 113 B FIGURE 60.—Calig
Page 121 and 122:
NUMBER 3 1 1 FIGURE 62.—Caligus c
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Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
NUMBER 3 1 1 121 B FIGURE 68.—Cal
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Page 131 and 132:
NUMBER 311 125 FIGURE 72.—Caligus
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Page 135 and 136:
NUMBER 3 1 1 129 FIGURE 76.—Elytr
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NUMBER 3 1 1 131 FIGURE 78.—Elytr
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Page 141 and 142:
NUMBER 3 1 1 135 A FIGURE 82.—Tux
Page 143 and 144:
NUMBER 3 1 1 137 FIGURE 84.—Tuxop
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NUMBER 3 1 1 139 FIGURE 86.—Pseud
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
NUMBER 3 1 1 143 E FIGURE 90.—Pse
Page 151 and 152:
NUMBER 311 145 FIGURE 92.—Pseudoc
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
NUMBER 3 11 149 o divaricatus • n
Page 157 and 158:
NUMBER 3 1 1 151 o C. euthynni * P.
Page 159 and 160:
NUMBER 3 1 1 153 o pelamydis * asym
Page 161 and 162:
NUMBER 3 1 1 155 "f 'itf mf 1 * B.
Page 163 and 164:
NUMBER 3 1 1 157 FIGURE 110.—Holo
Page 165 and 166:
NUMBER 311 159 FIGURE 112.—Holobo
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NUMBER 311 161 FIGURE 114.—Unicol
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NUMBER 3 1 1 163 FIGURE 116.—Unic
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NUMBER 3 1 1 165 FIGURE 118.—Unic
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Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
NUMBER 311 171 FIGURE 124.—Cerata
Page 179 and 180:
NUMBER 311 FIGURE 126.—Pumiliopes
Page 181 and 182:
NUMBER 311 175 FIGURE 128.—Shiino
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NUMBER 3 1 1 177 FIGURE 130.—Cali
Page 185 and 186:
NUMBER 311 179 FIGURE 132.—Pseudo
Page 187 and 188:
NUMBER 311 FIGURE 134.—Pseudocycn
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Page 191 and 192:
Page 195:
REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
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