Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, and Excretory ...

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• Do you know where blood gets the oxygen cells it needs? • How do you think blood is able to give up its oxygen to cells? 23.2 The Respiratory System Lesson Objectives • Define respiration, and explain how it differs from cellular respiration. • Identify the organs of the respiratory system. • Outline the processes of ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport. • Describe the role of gas exchange in homeostasis. • Explain how the rate of breathing is regulated. • Identify diseases of the respiratory system. Vocabulary • asthma • emphysema • larynx • lung • pharynx • pneumonia • respiration • respiratory system • trachea • ventilation Introduction Red blood cells are like trucks that transport cargo on a highway system. Their cargo is oxygen, and the highways are blood vessels. Where do red blood cells pick up their cargo of oxygen? The answer is the lungs. The lungs are organs of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is the body system that brings air containing oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Respiration The job of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air. This process, called respiration, actually consists of two parts. In the first part, oxygen in the air is drawn into the body and carbon dioxide is released from the body through the respiratory tract. In the second part, the circulatory system delivers the oxygen to body cells and picks up carbon dioxide from the cells in return. The use of the word respiration in relation to gas exchange is different from its use in the term cellular respiration. Recall that cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells obtain energy by “burning” glucose. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Respiration by the respiratory system supplies the oxygen and takes away the carbon dioxide. An overview of breathing is shown at http://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademy#p/c/7A9646BC5110CF64/ 35/SPGRkexI_cs (20:33). www.ck12.org 698
Figure 23.12: (Watch Youtube Video) http://www.ck12.org/flexbook/embed/view/216 Organs of the Respiratory System The organs of the respiratory system that bring air into the body are shown in Figure 23.13. Refer to the figure as you read below about the passage of air through these organs. You can also watch a detailed animation of the respiratory system at this link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0. Figure 23.13: The organs of the respiratory system move air into and out of the body. Journey of a Breath of Air Take in a big breath of air through your nose. As you inhale, you may feel the air pass down your throat and notice your chest expand. Now exhale and observe the opposite events occurring. Inhaling and exhaling may seem like simple actions, but they are just part of the complex process of respiration, which includes these four steps: 699 www.ck12.org
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respira
Page 3 and 4: Figure 23.1: The function of the ci
Page 5 and 6: • Arteries are muscular blood ves
Page 7 and 8: Figure 23.6: The systemic circulati
Page 9 and 10: Blood Blood is a fluid connective t
Page 11: • Blood is a fluid connective tis
Page 15 and 16: Figure 23.14: Alveoli are tiny sacs
Page 17 and 18: • Pneumonia is a disease in which
Page 19 and 20: Apply Concepts 6. Sometimes people
Page 21 and 22: Figure 23.18: The digestive system
Page 23 and 24: The following interactive animation
Page 25 and 26: Table 23.1: (continued) Enzyme What
Page 27 and 28: • Food allergies occur when the i
Page 29 and 30: Table 23.3: (continued) Vitamin Fun
Page 32 and 33: Figure 23.30: Nutrition facts label
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Page 36 and 37: Figure 23.34: The kidneys are the c
Page 38 and 39: Figure 23.38: The parts of a nephro
Page 40 and 41: 2. List organs of the excretory sys

Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, and Excretory ...

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