Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, and Excretory ...

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Figure 23.17: Cigarette warning labels unveiled on 6/21/2011 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Lesson Summary • Respiration is the process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the outside air. The lungs and other organs of the respiratory system bring oxygen into the body and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. • Respiration begins with ventilation, the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs takes place in across the thin walls of pulmonary arteries in tiny air sacs called alveoli. Oxygenated blood is transported by the circulatory system from lungs to tissues throughout the body. Gas exchange between blood and body cells occurs across the walls of peripheral capillaries. • Gas exchange helps maintain homeostasis by supplying cells with oxygen, carrying away carbon dioxide waste, and maintaining proper pH of the blood. • Breathing occurs due to repeated contractions of a large muscle called the diaphragm. The rate of breathing is regulated by the brain stem. It monitors the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and triggers faster or slower breathing as needed to keep the level within a narrow range. • Diseases of the respiratory system include asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema. Lesson Review Questions Recall 1. What is respiration? What is ventilation? 2. How is respiration different from cellular respiration? 3. Outline the pathway of a breath of air from the nose to the alveoli. 4. Describe how pulmonary gas exchange occurs. 5. Identify three diseases of the respiratory system, and state what triggers or causes each disease. www.ck12.org 704
Apply Concepts 6. Sometimes people who are feeling anxious breathe too fast and become lightheaded. This is called hyperventilation. Hyperventilation can upset the pH balance of the blood, resulting in blood that is too basic. Explain why. Think Critically 7. Compare and contrast pulmonary and peripheral gas exchange. 8. Explain why contraction of the diaphragm causes the lungs to fill with air. 9. Explain how the rate of breathing is controlled. Points to Consider Oxygen is just one substance transported by the blood. The blood also transports nutrients such as glucose. • What are nutrients? What other substances do you think might be nutrients? • Where do you think nutrients enter the bloodstream? How might this occur? 23.3 The Digestive System Lesson Objectives • Identify the organs and functions of the digestive system. • Outline the roles of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach in digestion. • Explain how digestion and absorption occur in the small intestine. • List functions of the large intestine. • Describe common diseases of the digestive system. • Identify classes of nutrients and their functions in the human body. • Explain how to use MyPyramid and food labels as tools for balanced eating. Vocabulary • absorption • bile • body mass index (BMI) • chemical digestion • digestion • digestive system • eating disorder • elimination • esophagus • feces • gall bladder • gastrointestinal (GI) tract • large intestine • liver 705 www.ck12.org
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respira
Page 3 and 4: Figure 23.1: The function of the ci
Page 5 and 6: • Arteries are muscular blood ves
Page 7 and 8: Figure 23.6: The systemic circulati
Page 9 and 10: Blood Blood is a fluid connective t
Page 11 and 12: • Blood is a fluid connective tis
Page 13 and 14: Figure 23.12: (Watch Youtube Video)
Page 15 and 16: Figure 23.14: Alveoli are tiny sacs
Page 17: • Pneumonia is a disease in which
Page 21 and 22: Figure 23.18: The digestive system
Page 23 and 24: The following interactive animation
Page 25 and 26: Table 23.1: (continued) Enzyme What
Page 27 and 28: • Food allergies occur when the i
Page 29 and 30: Table 23.3: (continued) Vitamin Fun
Page 32 and 33: Figure 23.30: Nutrition facts label
Page 34 and 35: Lesson Review Questions Recall 1. W
Page 36 and 37: Figure 23.34: The kidneys are the c
Page 38 and 39: Figure 23.38: The parts of a nephro
Page 40 and 41: 2. List organs of the excretory sys

Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, and Excretory ...

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