Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, and Excretory ...

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• macronutrient • mechanical digestion • micronutrient • mineral • MyPlate • MyPyramid • nutrient • obesity • peristalsis • small intestine • stomach • villi • vitamin Introduction The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. Cells also need glucose for cellular respiration. Glucose is a simple sugar that comes from the food we eat. To get glucose from food, digestion must occur. This process is carried out by the digestive system. Overview of the Digestive System The digestive system consists of organs that break down food and absorb nutrients such as glucose. Organs of the digestive system are shown in Figure 23.18. Most of the organs make up the gastrointestinal tract. The rest of the organs are called accessory organs. (GI) system. The following interactive animation demonstrates the flow of food through the gastrointestinal The Gastrointestinal Tract The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a long tube that connects the mouth with the anus. It is more than 9 meters (30 feet) long in adults and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Food enters the mouth, passes through the other organs of the GI tract, and then leaves the body through the anus. At the following link, you can watch an animation that shows what happens to food as it passes through the GI tract. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtDgQjOGPJM. The organs of the GI tract are lined with mucous membranes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients. The organs are also covered by layers of muscle that enable peristalsis. Peristalsis is an involuntary muscle contraction that moves rapidly along an organ like a wave (see Figure 23.20). You can watch an animation of peristalsis at this link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peristalsis.gif. www.ck12.org 706
Figure 23.18: The digestive system includes organs from the mouth to the anus. Figure 23.19: (Watch Remote Swf Video) http://www.ck12.org/flexbook/embed/view/221 707 www.ck12.org
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respira
Page 3 and 4: Figure 23.1: The function of the ci
Page 5 and 6: • Arteries are muscular blood ves
Page 7 and 8: Figure 23.6: The systemic circulati
Page 9 and 10: Blood Blood is a fluid connective t
Page 11 and 12: • Blood is a fluid connective tis
Page 13 and 14: Figure 23.12: (Watch Youtube Video)
Page 15 and 16: Figure 23.14: Alveoli are tiny sacs
Page 17 and 18: • Pneumonia is a disease in which
Page 19: Apply Concepts 6. Sometimes people
Page 23 and 24: The following interactive animation
Page 25 and 26: Table 23.1: (continued) Enzyme What
Page 27 and 28: • Food allergies occur when the i
Page 29 and 30: Table 23.3: (continued) Vitamin Fun
Page 32 and 33: Figure 23.30: Nutrition facts label
Page 34 and 35: Lesson Review Questions Recall 1. W
Page 36 and 37: Figure 23.34: The kidneys are the c
Page 38 and 39: Figure 23.38: The parts of a nephro
Page 40 and 41: 2. List organs of the excretory sys

Chapter 23 The Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, and Excretory ...

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