Who Goes There: Friend or Foe? - Federation of American Scientists

More documents

Recommendations

Info

. . - .- 48 —— — Who Goes There: Friend or Foe? CONCLUSION Fratricide is becoming more visible and may frequently be a relatively more serious source of casualties in modem U.S. combat because major military operations are now sometimes possible with remarkably few losses, as the Persian Gulf War demonstrated. Cures for the fratricide problem deserve serious, continuing attention, but fratricide is not a cause for panic and will not lose the next war. Avoiding fratricide takes more than just identifying targets properly. And target identification is a complex problem that will not be solved by a “black box.” Much of the information needed to avoid fratricide is exactly the information needed to be a coherent combat force. Future wars will include joint operations among each of the Services and among the United States and its allies. Today, the military R&D community is pursuing several antifratricide developments. Existing efforts to coordinate with sister Services and allies should be vigorously maintained.
A s described and identification to avoid air fratricide. There are in the previous chapter, reducing fratricide requires more than improving identification. This chapter discusses ways to improve both tactical knowledge several technical approaches to better identification; each of these is described briefly below with a discussion of its advantages and disadvantages. The chapter ends with a discussion of the interaction of military identification systems with civilian air traffic control and a brief discussion of avoiding fratricide of ships. BATTLE MANAGEMENT ‘‘Battle management’ includes collecting information about where combat resources are needed, setting priorities, and allocating resources to needs. The tactical knowledge or ‘‘situational awareness’ provided by battle management is so integral a part of air combat that its importance to avoiding fratricide is easily overlooked, Yet the foremost antifratricide measure is properly coordinating friendly forces. Any efforts that improve coordination also improve combat effectiveness—and that typically is their primary justification— but these same efforts can help reduce fratricide. The Navy and the Air Force discovered during joint operations in the Persian Gulf War that air tasking orders (ATOs) were difficult to transmit between the Services’ strike planners. Air Force and Navy radios were not always compatible and the ATOs were so voluminous that transmission was time , consuming. These and other uncovered communication problems are now being corrected. The resulting improvement in attack efficiency will be obvious, but better communication and coordination also will make fratricide less likely. 49 Avoiding Fratricide of Air and Sea Targets 4 ~-—-- ------ ..-–.. ~ I I 1 --1
Page 1 and 2:
Who Goes There: Friend or Foe? June
Page 3 and 4: T he recent Persian Gulf War focuse
Page 5 and 6: 1 2 3 Introduction, Findings, Issue
Page 7 and 8: — — America’s recent combat i
Page 9 and 10: A [ , . I \ Figure l-l—Total Casu
Page 11 and 12: The rules of engagement strongly af
Page 13 and 14: n November 12, 1758, during the Fre
Page 15 and 16: —. — .— This chapter is organ
Page 17 and 18: .. — — .—— ..— The occasi
Page 19 and 20: The attack was delayed a week by we
Page 21 and 22: —— ...—.— — — ——. -
Page 23 and 24: Navigation, not identification, cle
Page 25 and 26: eventually suffer fewer casualties
Page 27 and 28: 20th century wars. In fact, the two
Page 29 and 30: Table 2-2—Friendly Fire Data in C
Page 31 and 32: In this class, only an Identificati
Page 33 and 34: Ground-to-Ground January 29-Four Ma
Page 35 and 36: —. — ATwenty-four percent of al
Page 37 and 38: tanks. In World War II, the same po
Page 39 and 40: Once a target is identified as enem
Page 41 and 42: correctly calling in fire relative
Page 43 and 44: of the left-hand side, where confid
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 3-Avoiding Fratricide: Gene
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 3—Avoiding Fratricide: Ge
Page 49 and 50: In contrast, a Navy pilot returning
Page 51 and 52: ehind, other nations can generate t
Page 53: curred because the military did not
Page 57 and 58: sending false communications requir
Page 59 and 60: —.—— U.S.-built F-18 from the
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 4-Avoiding Fratricide of Ai
Page 63 and 64: “Mode 2,” and 8 microseconds is
Page 65 and 66: ———— — Chapter 4-Avoiding
Page 67 and 68: Also, the strength of the reply sig
Page 69 and 70: The New York City mid-air collision
Page 71 and 72: when Mode S is widespread, it doubt
Page 73 and 74: conflict like that in the Persian G
Page 75 and 76: A 11 of allowed conservative rules
Page 77 and 78: for use of positioning systems to i
Page 79 and 80: Figure 5-3-Approaches to Identifica
Page 81 and 82: the devices widely deployed. The TI
Page 83 and 84: try. Moreover, navigational and com
Page 85 and 86: TACTICS, DOCTRINE, AND TRAINING The
Page 87 and 88: . —— 82 I Who Goes There: Frien
Page 89: 84 I Who Goes There: Friend or Foe?
show all

Who Goes There: Friend or Foe? - Federation of American Scientists

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?