Balloonvine Biology and Control in Soybeans - Auburn University ...

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TABLE 8. GROWTH RESPONSE OF BALLOONVINE TO PLANTING DATES, AUBURN UNIVERSITY AGRONOMY FARM, 1977-78 Planting date Planting___date __ Emergence of five plants First flowering Plant height 5 weeks after planting (in.) Seed produced per 5 plants 1977 4/11 4/25 5/09 5/23 6/06 6/20 7/04 7/18 8/01 8/OS 8/29 9/12 9/26 1978 4/10 4/24 5/08 5/22 6/05 6/19 7/03 7/17 7/31 8/14 8/28 9/11 9/25 1977 1978 1977 1978 ............. Days after planting............ 9b' 15a 35 63 10a 13b 42 54 8c 15a 56 46 7d 4f 49 33 7d 6de 42 38 Sf 6de 35 38 5f 6de 35 38 Sf 7d 35 31 Sf 6de 2826 4g 6de 28 26 Sf 6de 28 24 6e Se 28 29 7d 12c - - 1977 4f 4tg 6ef 8de lib 12b 17a 13b 8cd 18a l0bc 4fg 2g 1978 2ef 4ef 4ef l3bc 14b 17a l3bcd 14b l2bcd llcd l0cd Se 2f 1977 14,890a 16,260a 12,750b - 7,700c 5,230d 3,740d 1,930e 270e 160e Ge Ge Ge 1978 13,020a 12,500a 11,450ab 10,350ab 9,2l0bc 6,490cd 5,840d 4,410d 720e 480e 320e Ge Ge 'Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the OS5 probability level (DMRT). LIIr OD C) m em r x m m z --I 0 z
BALLOONVINE-BIOLOGY AND CONTROL 19 Competition With Soybeans No significant competitive differences were apparent among balloonvine densities when soybeans were planted in 24-inch rows (by regression analysis). Balloonvine competition was evident in some cases when soybeans were planted in 36-inch rows. Since differences were only slight, data are presented in tabular form, table 9. The number ofballoonvine seed contaminating harvested soybeans was generally the same regardless of the number of balloonvine plants per 33 feet of row. However, the number of balloonvine seed found in a soybean sample could only be used to estimate the number of balloonvine seed produced since some seed had shattered before soybean harvesting. In all cases where balloonvine infested a plot, soybeans were contaminated with balloonvine seed. It is evident from these data that the major problem is soybean seed contamination, and balloonvine competition can be eliminated by planting in rows spaced 24 inches instead of the conventional 36 inches. TABLE 9. INFLUENCE OF BALLOONVINE PLANT DENSITY AND Row SPACING ON SOYBEAN YIELD AND BALLOONVINE SEED CONTAMINATION Balloonvine Ballo.onvnfdniyrobseed density Soybean yield/acre per lb. soybean per 33 ft. of row 1977 1979 1977 1979 24-in. rows 0 .............. Bu. 39a Bu. 1 2 .............. 41a 40b 49a 0 3 0 6 4 .............. 8 .............. 16 .............. 38a 37a 37a 45ab 44ab 44ab 3 4 19 6 6 7 32 .............. - 44ab - 7 40 .............. 36-in. rows - 45ab - 3 0 .............. 2 .............. 31a 28a 40a 39a 0 8 0 3 4 .............. 8 .............. 16 .............. 31a 28a 25a 37a 35a 35a 9 23 49 5 7 9 32 .............. - 36a - 5 40 .............. - 36a - 5 'Means within a row spacing and within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the .05 probability level as judged by DMRT. Herbicide Evaluation Soil-applied Herbicides Metribuzin provided the best control of balloonvine in 1977 and 1979, appendix table 4. Linuron generally provided acceptable control, while control with vernolate was marginal. In both years, balloonvine control showed a trend for higher
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