Jgst. 8 The Treaty of Versailles

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M 2.2 Materialien für den bilingualen Sachfachunterricht GESCHICHTE auf Englisch The Treaty of Versailles The Background Jgst. 8 - The Allied powers meet in Paris to decide on the major issues of a peace treaty. - The countries that take part in the conferences are the 27 Allied Powers. - Some countries are excluded from the conferences: - Russia (because of the Treaty of Brest-Litowsk and many leaders do not trust the Bolsheviks) - the Central Powers (because they lost the war) - The delegations have to decide who is to pay for the war damages and what is to become of Germany, Austria and Europe as a whole. - They have to consider what the real cost was, who suffered most and what their countries want to achieve at the conferences. - The peacemakers have to work quickly as Europe needs peace and security. - Compromises have to be made to agree on a treaty. You are one of the “Big Four” meeting in Versailles (January 8 th , 1919) to discuss the peace treaty with Germany. Lloyd George Orlando Clemenceau Wilson (Great Britain) (Italy) (France) (USA)
M 2.3 Materialien für den bilingualen Sachfachunterricht GESCHICHTE auf Englisch The Treaty of Versailles The United States and Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856–February 3, 1924) Wison entered politics in 1910 and was President by 1912. • He was an idealist and reformer. Jgst. 8 • In 1916 he was re-elected under a pledge to remain out of the war but in 1917 he declared war on Germany. • Wilson wanted the United States to enter the world arena to fight for democracy, progressiveness and liberalism. • Woodrow Wilson had decided by then that the war had become a real threat to humanity. Unless the U.S. threw its weight into the war, as he stated in his declaration of war speech, on April 2nd, 1917, Western civilization itself could be destroyed. • His statement announcing a "war to end all wars" meant that he wanted to build a basis for peace that would prevent future catastrophic wars and needless death and destruction. • This provided the basis of Wilson's Fourteen Points (see M 2.9). Wilson hoped that the Fourteen Points would lead to an end to war and achieve peace for all the nations. • In the late stages of the war, Wilson took personal control of negotiations with Germany, including the armistice. • He went to Paris in 1919 to create the League of Nations and shape the Treaty of Versailles. He wanted to make new modern democratic nations out of old empires. • He spent six months in Paris for the 1919 Paris Peace Conference (making him the first U.S. president to travel to Europe while in office). He worked tirelessly to promote his plan. What Wilson wants to achieve at the peace conference - Wilson wants a Europe that was saved from war but can also trade with the United States. The U.S. see trade as a key part of any peace deal (There are at least 4 points that deal with trade - can you spot them in the Fourteen Points?). - Wilson wants the League of Nations to look after the former colonies or they should become independent. - However, Wilson is prepared to compromise so that he can get the League of Nations.
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Jgst. 8 The Treaty of Versailles

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