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434 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [July and in the purchase of property for permanent investment, or commodities for their consump- tion. As germain to our purpose, we now call attention to the following article, extracted from the United States Economist: BATES OF INTEREST IN EUROPE. The occurrence of the war produced an immense derangement in the money markets of Europe, as well as fall in prices. The first shock caused a depreciation in stock values which has been estimated at $1,000,000,000, and over 300 failures of banking and commercial firms have been reported, whose liabilities are not short of 300 millions, and the effects of which are now corrupting the standing of those still existing. The demand is only for gold, and values of all kinds sink in comparison with that; at the same time there is no demand for capital for any business or commercial enterprises. There are few merchants of England, or Western Europe, who will project ventures to other countries when the course of war is so uncertain, and the demand for all sorts of merchandise is so much diminished that no one demands capital to embark in it, hence, although gold is actively running out from the great reservoirs, the supply of capital at the leading centres is increasing, seeking employment at lower rates, but this only on the most undoubted securities. The first panic of the war caused a demand to extinguish obligations, and the rate of interest rose. That accomplished, the rates are again falling for investments where the security is undoubted. The following are the rates of interest at the leading centres Ham- Bre- Frank- Ber- Ant- Amster- Leip- Vienna. Paris. Lonburg. men. fort. lin. werp. dam. zic. gold. don. Dec. 23. ..2±(2>2f 3 4 4 3 3 5 5—lOl* 3 2* April 1. ..3£(2>3± 3 3* 5 3 3 5 5—108 3± 2*. April 15. ..3£(2>— H H 5 3 3 5 5—112 3±' 2* April 27. ..5£(o>— 7 H 5 4 3 5 5—120 3* 3* May 3. ..5 (a)— 6 H 5 4 3 6 5—143 4 4* May 17. ..4 (2>— 6 «l 5 4 3 6 5—145 4 4* May 23. ..2p>— 4 4* The rate was first to rise at Hamburg, and it declines there the first, after the pressure to meet obligations has passed. The demand for gold is, however, everywhere active, and the degree in which it rises is apparent in its agio at Vienna, where the bank is suspending payments and emitting paper money, and maintaining its rate of interest. The agio has risen with the Exchange on London from par to 145, and the demand for the metals is everywhere met with its concealment and export. The May 1. Boston $58,178,264 New York 128,706,705 Philadelphia . .. 27,747,339 New Orleans 19.926,487 A Manual of 'Scientific and Practical Agriculture, for the Farm and the School. By J. L. Camp- bell, A.M., of Washington College, Lexing- ton Va. With numerous illustrations. In one Loans. volume. Price $1 00. Table op Contents.—-Preliminary Definitions and Illustrations; Heat, Light, and Electricity; Chemical Symbols, Equivalents, and Nomen- clature; History and Properties of the Metal- loids; History and Properties of the Metals; Or- ganic Chemistry; Chemistry of Plants; Mineral Constituents, or Ashes of Plants; Animal Chem- istry; Sources from which Plants derive their reservoirs subject to the demand for the metals are more chary of those demands, which have for an object the obtaining of it for export. In New York the outward current of the metals has been very large. The amount of specie in the city has been reduced during the month of May about $4,700,000. In the same period last year there was an increase. The export from Boston and New York, together, for May, has been $12,632,511. The diminution in the banks of four cities has been as follows: June 5. 57,328,243 125,006,766 26,406,458 18,594,556 May 1. 6,726,647 32.898,400 6,689,591 15,650,736 Specie. June 5. 6.700,975 28,055,400 5,521,759 14,784,944 $234,538,795 227,326,023 61,985,374 55,063,078 nourishment; General Principles of Vegetable Physiology ; Structure and Functions of the Organs of Plants; The Soil: Its Geological Origin, &c._^- Mechanical Management of the Soil; Chemical Treatment of the Soil; History and Properties of Special Manures ; Application of Fertilizers; Planting and Culture of Crops; Culture of Indian Corn ; Culture of Wheat and Oats ; Planting and Culture of Potatoes ; Hay Crops and Pasture; Beans and Peas, especially the " Southern Pea ;" Culture and Management of Tobacco ; The Cotton Crop ; Rotation of Crops ; Value of Crops as Food ; Animal Physi-
1859.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 435 ology; Selection and Preparation of Food ; Se- lection and Care of Stock. Lindsay & Blakiston, Publishers, Philadelphia. Having enjoyed the opportunity of examining the manuscript of the above work, (which) though ready for delivery, has not yet reached us in print,) we can, with great confidence, recommend it as eminently worthy of general circulation among farmers, as a concise, accu- rate and systematic treatise, calculated to im- part the most valuable instruction in respect to the science and practice of agriculture, and " reduced to such a form that it may be applied to the daily business" of the farm. It is truly "A Book for every Farmer and every Farmer's Son." \ Southern Field and Fireside. We have received the two first numbers of the above paper, published weekly in Augusta. Georgia, by James Gardner, at $2 per annum, always in advance, and edited by Dr. Lee in the Agricultural, W. W. Mann in the Literary, and Wm. N, White in the Horticultural department. Devoted to Agriculture, Literature and Art. It is in quarto form of eight pages, folio size each issue containing forty columns of matter. It is executed in the best style of typography. The high reputation of Dr. Lee, as an Agricultural writer, will make the paper a welcome visitor to the Southern Planters and Farmers; and we have no doubt but that the other depart- ments will be equally well sustained. We commend it to the attention and patronage of our readers. The Publisher offers the following prizes to Southern Writers: For the best Novelette, or Tale of Fiction, $100 For the best Literary Essay, 50 For the best Agricultural Essay, 50 For the best Poem, not less than 60 lines, 25 For the best Poem, less than 60 lines,. ... 25 Natural Agriculturist. A new paper, published at Pittsburg, and edited by J. T. F. Wright, proprietor, at $1 per annum—a quarto of 8 pages, well filled with original and selected matter. We wish it a useful and prosperous career. Acknowledgment. We received from H. J. Smith, Esq.,—who is already distinguished for the superiority of his fruits and vegetables,—specimens of six varieties of Raspberries—Allen's Hardy, Antwerp Red, Pringle'l Orange, Pringle's Red, Cattawassa, and Fastolf— all of which are very fine,—the two varieties first named superb. We also received, while they were in season, several remarkably fine samples of the varieties of the Strawberry cultivated by him. He intends to enlarge the allotment of land for the growth of these luscious fruits. Scientific American. There is no one paper to which we are more indebted for valuable articles, with which to enrich our own pages, than to the Scientific American, and there is none, therefore, that can have higher claims to courtesy at our hands, or in whose prosperity we take a deeper interest. It gives us pleasure to insert its prospectus be- low, by which it will be seen that important improvements and considerable enlargement are in contemplation. Now is the time for new subscribers to enter their names: NEW PROSPECTUS OK THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. enlargement. Vol. 1., No. 1—New Series. The Publishers of the Scientific America* respectfully announce te their readers and the public generally, that, on the first day of July next. (1859), their journal will be enlarged and otherwise greatly improved ; and at that time will be commenced "Volume I., No. 1—New Series," which will afford a more suitable opportunity for the commencement of new subscriptions than is likely to occur again for many years. The form of the journal will be somewhat changed from what it now is, so as to render it better adapted for binding and preservation and instead of eight pages in each number, as now, there will be sixteen, and in a completed yearly volume the number of pages will be doubled to 832, or 416 more than now. The Scientific American is published at a price which places it within the reach of all; and as a work of reference for the Workshop, Manufactory, Farm and Household, no other journal exceeds or even equals it in the value and utility of its information. Its practical rectpes alone oft-times repay the subscription price ten fold. Inventors will find it, as hereto- fore, the mirror of the Patent Office, and the reliable record of every claim issued weekly by the Office, the li^t being officially reported for its columns* With the enlargement of the Scientific American, we shall be enabled to widen the sphere of our operations, omitting none of the features
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