Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

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Denitrification by PSCs enhances polar ClOx cycle • PSCs removes gaseous N species (denitrification) – Major process: formation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) PSCs – Minor process: Formation of HNO3 from gaseous N species (e.g. ClONO2 and N2 O5 ) and subsequent retention of HNO3 (s). – As PSCs particles grow larger over the winter, they sink to lower altitudes, falling out of the stratosphere.
Denitrification by PSCs enhances polar ClOx cycle (Continued) • If HNO3 is not removed from the stratosphere, it releases NO2 back to the stratosphere upon photolysis. HNO3 + hv OH + NO2 • The consequence of released NO2 is to tie up active chlorine as ClONO2 and make the ClOx polar cycle less efficient. ClO + NO2 ClONO 2
Page 1 and 2: Environmental Chemistry Part 2 Atmo
Page 3 and 4: The ozone layer
Page 5 and 6: Ultraviolet protection by ozone The
Page 7 and 8: Typical ozone column values • Tot
Page 9 and 10: Ozone formation and destruction in
Page 11 and 12: Prediction by Chapman theory vs. Ob
Page 13 and 14: The important catalysts for stratos
Page 15 and 16: Chlorine atom Sources: Photolysis o
Page 17 and 18: Chlorine atom (Continued) Terminati
Page 19 and 20: The two-sided effect of NOx • NOx
Page 21 and 22: Numbering system for CFCs and HCFCs
Page 23: The discovery of the ozone hole •
Page 26 and 27: Features of the ozone hole • Ozon
Page 28 and 29: Polar vortex • The polar vortex i
Page 30 and 31: Why do PSCs occur at heights of 15-
Page 32 and 33: PSCs promote the conversion of inor
Page 34 and 35: Active Cl species can rapidly yield
Page 36 and 37: How does the polar ClOx cycle stop?
Page 40 and 41: Summary of the roles played by PSCs
Page 42 and 43: Schematic of photochemical and dyna
Page 44 and 45: Does ozone hole occur in the north
Page 46 and 47: Summary on ozone hole (Continued)
Page 48 and 49: What influences ODP? • Lifetime i
Page 50 and 51: ODPs of Selected Compounds Compound

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

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