Passage to a Ringed World - NASA's History Office

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APPENDIX A 142 PASSAGE TO A RINGED WORLD Deep space burn during cruise to Saturn Targeted flyby. A flyby that passes through a specified (usually very close) aimpoint at the time of closest approach. Tectonics. A branch of geology dealing with surface structure, especially folding and faulting. Telecommunications. The process of commanding and receiving information from a remotely located spacecraft via radio signals. Telemetry. A stream of data bits radi- ated through space on electromagnetic waves or transmitted by wire or electronic pulses that represents the output of some sensor or scientific instrument. Tenuous. Very low density; difficult to detect (descriptive of E-ring particle distribution). Tholin. Greek word meaning “muddy.” Describes the orange–brown products of laboratory experiments aimed at simulating the chemistry in Titan’s atmosphere. Torus. A collection of charged or neu- tral particles, shaped like a torus or doughnut, and generally associated with the orbital track of a satellite (like Titan). Tracking data. Data needed to track a spacecraft. These data are extracted from the properties of the radio signal received from the spacecraft. Examples of tracking data are Doppler and ranging data. Trajectory. The path of a body (i.e., a spacecraft) in space. Transonic flow. Flowing or moving near the local speed of sound. Tropopause. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Troposphere. The atmospheric layer closest to the surface of Saturn or Titan in which convection is the dominant process for transporting heat; the layer in which “weather” takes place. Turbulence. A state of commotion or stormy agitation within an atmosphere. U Uplink. On the path from Earth to the spacecraft. Viscosity. The quality or property of a fluid or aggregate of particles that causes it to resist free flow. Viscous relaxation. V The slumping and subsequent disappearance of a feature due to gravitational forces acting on a material. W Wake. The track left by a body moving through a fluid.
APPENDIX B A A-ring Outermost of Saturn’s main rings AACS Attitude and articulation control subsystem ACC Accelerometer ACP Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyser (Huygens science instrument) AFC AACS Flight Computer AQ60 Material used for Huygens Probe heat tiles ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Italian space agency ASIC Application-specific integrated circuit AU Astronomical unit, the mean distance from Earth to Sun = 149,597,870.694 kilometers B B-ring Brightest and densest of Saturn’s rings BIU Bus interface unit Acronyms & Abbreviations C-ring Faint ring inward of Saturn’s B-ring C C-type Asteroid material, rich in carbon C 2 H 2 C 2 H 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 CH 4 Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propane Methane CAPS Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (Orbiter science instrument) CDA Cosmic Dust Analyzer (Orbiter science instrument) CDS Command and data subsystem CIRS Composite Infrared Spectrometer (Orbiter science instrument) CRAF Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby spacecraft or mission D D-ring Innermost Saturn ring D-type Asteroid material, rich in hydrocarbons DISR Descent Imager and Spectral Radiometer (Huygens science instrument) DSN Deep Space Network (tracks operating spacecraft) DWE Doppler Wind Experiment (Huygens science instrument) E E-ring Outermost Saturn ring EGA Engine gimbal actuator EGE Engine gimbal electronics ESA European Space Agency F F-ring Narrow ring outward of A-ring G G-ring Diffuse ring at inner edge of E-ring GCMS Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer (Huygens science instrument) GHz Gigahertz (billions of cycles per second) H H + Hydrogen atom with one electron removed, i.e., a proton + H Hydrogen molecule with one 2 electron removed ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS 143
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Passage to a Ringed World The Cassi
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On the Cover: A collage of images s
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FOREWORD This book is for you. You
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book would not
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Three separate images, taken by Voy
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descent to the surface. The Huygens
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address the challenges of the missi
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Participant Nations* * First flag i
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PROBING A MOON OF MYSTERY Huygens
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TOUR T18-3 TARGETED SATELLITE FLYBY
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SATURN CASSINI-HUYGENS MISSION SCIE
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Cassini-Huygens designed to determi
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In this diagram from his book, Syst
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This Voyager 1 image shows Saturn
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An Extended Atmosphere From Liquid
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Haze layers are also observed above
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IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER Taken fr
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This spectacular view of the edge o
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the interaction was described as a
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have a signature of a tone decreasi
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CONSTITUENTS OF THE TITAN ATMOSPHER
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The processes of plate tectonics an
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tan was accreting, it is possible t
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Surface Science. The highest resolu
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This enhanced Voyager 2 image shows
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Voyager 1 captured this striking im
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Prometheus and Pandora, two tiny sa
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In the stellar occultation experime
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scattering than are larger particle
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In fact, Saturn’s rings — as we
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The satellites of Saturn comprise a
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Before the advent of spacecraft exp
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The bright surface of Saturn’s mo
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Galilean satellites. Most of what i
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duced that one hemisphere is compos
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patches on the surface. Although it
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Artist’s conception of Ithaca Cha
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An artist’s rendition of Saturn
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The MAPS Instruments Coordinated ob
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field reverses direction across the
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SATURN’S MAGNETIC FIELD Saturn’
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Solar Wind Magnetosheath Titan neut
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per atmosphere. Energetic particles
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and plasma wave emissions from narr
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CHAPTER 7 Space mission design aims
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(SOI) propulsive maneuver to initia
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the tour cannot continue. Of course
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crease inclination to this value. T
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This illustration shows the main de
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Page 118 and 119: • Study the interaction of the ma
Page 120 and 121: • Study the erosional and electro
Page 122 and 123: midway out on the magnetometer boom
Page 124 and 125: The RPWS instrument will be used to
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Page 130 and 131: CHAPTER 10 Mission operations are t
Page 132 and 133: PLANETARY MISSION OPERATIONS Functi
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Page 136 and 137: During much of Cassini’s orbital
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Page 140 and 141: AFTERWORD It has been said that in
Page 142 and 143: Developments tied to the Cassini-Hu
Page 144 and 145: APPENDIX A Command. A data transact
Page 146 and 147: APPENDIX A 138 PASSAGE TO A RINGED
Page 148 and 149: APPENDIX A Plasma wave. A wave char
Page 152 and 153: APPENDIX B H O 2 + Water molecule w
Page 154 and 155: APPENDIX C 146 PASSAGE TO A RINGED
Page 156 and 157: APPENDIX D 148 PASSAGE TO A RINGED
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Page 160 and 161: APPENDIX F 152 PASSAGE TO A RINGED
Page 162 and 163: APPENDIX F 154 PASSAGE TO A RINGED
Page 164 and 165: APPENDIX F Peralta, F. and S. Flana
Page 168: National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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