TtftfoE rh. ri.& pipiry ro u3 ii

Cttpi.r m
IIor le n:
,@r b R+Slrot<strong>ri</strong>zirs
T1. p6bl.m oI!e@fd hdtroftif.,!b finda n.q rarnsrd pu@i i, tiv.nc
md
'l'is, pcdaps shng.ty.noush, k b6r rourd il <strong>rh</strong>. n€;t.ded, iift, or, ind -
urdeverop.d $deor<strong>rh</strong>e p.erotiry (foldhm, p, 7oJ.
<strong>TtftfoE</strong> <strong>rh</strong>. <strong>ri</strong>.& <strong>pipiry</strong> ro u3 ii v,tn,
A!, ir pmg., har 3u* .n u, tum lh. s
CoDbgsu fogs: *fii.5, h inS ir dF jb4
Hdn .v*y pcl<strong>ri</strong>ng .ivd rudG s ,oud
nd th.y h.E ov.rboh. <strong>ri</strong>cn @Ddmnb:
Thc o holh |nsrfoE smfi.d his yok. in hiD (It i. 3&
93).'
!ia. m..&/ follows ns own p.rrcdq e cxp.<strong>ri</strong>cne !hs* plncns !3
in ftlcylcfi i ldhood, pub€rry/adols.n@, .d u l<strong>rh</strong>ood, r.d o td ase i. !h is ord.r, Thcrc
h . $ft of "slzygiaf, dynamics involvcd in the physical dd psychotogical aslEcts ol
&ll th.e sl!g6 of life. In ih. cdlicr ph& of tif. a child k moE or tcss !.ft dd
p@l of his mviomqq h. tund s.pr6c tihsdf non nis sueu.dins. t cr, iD
$. ncxt phe o<strong>rh</strong>is lifq tnc $n. chitd bcgins thc pl1)4 oa6vi.8 hisom
ni.hFhis ida<strong>ri</strong>ty or eepn.vctopmani+ h. pcs owr lo youthi hc w.Mi
hins.lf, so ro tF.k fmn his su@undings.
Th. ddclopbdt ol huoans nom .n cnbrrrnic shge into a ftt!-gioM
pc.son involr* nuncoB fadots 6r biotogicat level, which makes ftcir
p3tlhologial dim€mio. cld moE conpt.x, Th. hrbirvdispositio,s lior hunds
d.wlot dun.s $. .goievctoph.nr do .or .lwdys .@ily work for lll
circohsloqi i.c,, inn.r d@n& .nd ourcr 6di.ionr, Thc inn.r tud o!t..
dd&& e io a @n*..t $atc of flux; dd noF $ *idr cnee. in ,p6ca .nd ti6..
Wc h!v.lo nake E

E b.licv. worlc lor aU lin6 und.. .ll conditioN ud divc6c cioumsr..es, leads
to .xtt mc b.h.v iou6 and !o siagnation-*c 8rc* only phys ic.lly, .ot
psychologi€lly. Tiis in ium l@ds to a ddngercus situlion .s our slr8rdt minds
bcld prychologicll "aptiles," 6 Dlakc would sy ("Pologuc, ' p.3). wc fall p@y to
f..<strong>ri</strong> phobi.t .nd MphB, vhich N symptons of a l&t i. !s dd poinr to tne
rprlsedun&knowlcdscd erers/ i. ur. In lh. pG$ to lcadjusr ouelves ro the
chMsins .nvi6nmm! w. 6sen<strong>ri</strong>.lly Fprc$ som. ofrbc @nlcnls of th.
u@.eious, which, fd a @jc9 of E@nq .E noi in ..@rdr!@ !o ihc @pied
tbm, Jug ous the EpBsrd onLrrs thc shldow (s .otc 29, Chaflcr r) vhioh
is in shr.t @nF!n to the FFna (s notc 32, Chorter D.
Jung us.s .xt ns iv.ly d iv.rgcnr d!r. fo. d i.t hsiv. .na lysir of our pstch ic
conpon .ts .nd for dqiving 4t<strong>ri</strong>n b6ic p<strong>ri</strong>ncipl* €8irding lh. dial.c<strong>ri</strong>cal
dymni6ofrynlh.sisl Jung thinkr thar lift cncr4/ fiows alonS r pahbolic line"
MirS blct .t onc Finr.r H. dividcs hun6 lifc ituo rwo 6!jor phes; thc
'1Etur.l" pn!* ad lh. tullal" the (Iro augr p. 74). Th. 'r.turl" phe
applics !o lhc p€<strong>ri</strong>od fom childbood !o ldulthood, s lhe qse of th. youngsLis in lhc
Dpar, Thl "cuhuol phe bcgiN roushly!rcund lhe middle agc'whm thc
Derenality undcrges a c@l chan8. for Hdrptrtion to thc wond,r TIE clltlEl
phe" js a dilliolt dd drngcdus $ th.t oft!$ition non childhood imo
ldol6oenc. rnd adullhood.6 ThL oi<strong>ri</strong>c.l loinl
in Iifc is usu.lly d.sc<strong>ri</strong>b.d s<strong>rh</strong>.
niddlc agp or nid lifec<strong>rh</strong>is.r Jung bclicvcs tnd thc "cultu6l" ph.se h a
"desnding" p@css (tp, rsr,}J, p.74).r His Dorc.tial Dcllpho. of "dcsnf'
cvot6 ljoun.y downMd, poin<strong>ri</strong>ng ro d.pth .nd do.kncsr i,c,, <strong>ri</strong>. un6Mio6,
Thol is io sn q. nrvc io joumcy bact lo <strong>rh</strong>. unoNious (fim which w. dersc a
youth dudnt lhc nrn pnlse) for ac4$in8 thosa parts ofour pc*onllig vhich En<strong>ri</strong>n

_
ua4tNl.d8..Yu.d4lop.d/undcrd.rclop.n in $e firn phs! ofd.v.lopn .r. In .
wy w d@.cocl th. ol

ucomi6 ir hin. It 6don6 iN lilc $. sharloe p&t of his psych.. This i3 why
Ly!.q|.l md H.mits Elado.d<strong>ri</strong>p b !.d4iabl. aor hin, dd hc wDt thc d.i.nl
Ilw of Athcns to bc fo'rdfully ioplcm.nrcd in t!.i! w. B.ing u@nebB of dcir
youlhful phe, he Ejects it 4 enc<strong>rh</strong>ing undcsi6bl..
Hippolyla's tuk-@od a a lod.r of..wmior womcn" oho shows thlt shc
Epe$ hcr f.minin. sidq fal$ly d.v.lopirg ! heulire FMn!. H.r clcounr.r
with Th4u ..1'Et6 rr!. fdininc d.ro/ in hs, dd snc sh.ds oft ho hl$ly *h
@lin. FlM!. On rn opposiE sidc, Thca4 a@urers with <strong>rh</strong>c eimi in hio
dsugn HipFlyr! Bu. ln.n D6y.holosiol En wlvdiv.Veec.atioo b nor
Follibla wilhoul @ i.uownirg pe.$.r! Th.n dilapFmc. ih <strong>rh</strong>c plly for r*o
acB b 3ynbolic of <strong>rh</strong>c iftrorc<strong>ri</strong>i.! ploqs. Th. d@h-mode funclion! d! . synbolic
HOT BATH for thcm: il eftcns thcn hard.ncd .ftitudd to lhe cxtcnt thrt !h.y "F
.Mkc" ro b. unitcd 6 @mplaDcnnry otposit r Thc let in'<strong>rh</strong>eus, which b th.t
ofin E ling-irninirc h[orc( is mplda.lcd b, ttippolrla. And ln. gsp if,
Hippolytat pstthc is filled in by tl. .xtFwn rl-Oinking-sdsador qu.liry of
Bolh Th*us and Hippobla rc.ct wi<strong>rh</strong> difcr€ d.ses or "wondcl'lo 1n.
netumll .xp.d.n4s or&. youdq which $om morc lik. o stmngc/'long
forloftn. R.portiq <strong>rh</strong>. noctunll cvcnls, Hippolyta sals. "Tis sfnsr, my T!6cus,
thrl th@ lov.6 rp..l of (v. i, I ). Theu 96 . bil ftrthd b inr.nsiry <strong>rh</strong>. ida of
s,ndd'ed sy!'Mm srra!. lhoi rtuc" (v, i, 2), Th.ir @.<strong>ri</strong>ei lnou8h
vtrying in d.gM, point ro th. sdc conclBion lhd dcn Dsychologial
prodi8m i!
dif.Fnt fM thrt orth. yolng lov.E, Tfi. ditf.En@ in ase c.uer <strong>rh</strong>c g.p bct$rd
tho Llh.r (Es.s) ed his daDsht r (Hch ia) in tfic open ins scen e. Egcus uscs th.
rt8

im.8c of "me" for Lrsdd {d'thild" aor Hf<strong>ri</strong>! 0. i,29). In thc sa @lcxi,
Thou hrsr by n@nlisit !t h.r witulow rug
wnh f.ig<strong>ri</strong>ns voice vacs of aeigiing lovc;
And nol'n the impEsion of h.r f.nrasy
with bocelets ofthy hair, dn8s, grw

*plicd.d und.r dtc rcnn EDs.r: EB i. !i aEn rr?6t dn.nd for ml<strong>ri</strong>ng
@m@lidr od 6hblilhi.g Et,<strong>ri</strong>omhips, Dd s sucn d inlcsa<strong>ri</strong>.ysynthcsizins
d.r&,, Ra$n G ! faculty ofrbc consiols nind lor t latins a wholc i.to parrs io
l.now vhot blc I paftG) plays in fi. Sivcn shdc orlhinss, and s slch d
d.ltzinsldi<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>cgEti.g agqcy. Th. foltowins quoc tanLs us io <strong>rh</strong>c tue
Nunp<strong>ri</strong>on, Jung ey.! ..[Me'3] &im. woc ro @.cilc ed lnitq lMder]
lninus Fi6 fo di$cm r.d disc<strong>ri</strong>ninnr." lpsrch.to'/ ott@/et.M, Ct/, 16,
p.142). In vicw of rug's cxptdation, ir h .sy ro 6sum. that !..$n is n,scutinc in
its slnbolic suS8cnion, dd lov. fdiniD.. ln olhq words, @en rkres io <strong>rh</strong>€
neulirc F6o. dd tov€ !o Oc f.Di.inc orc. Thc !hov. ..g!n.nr shM oar k
e rciind pud ..Gaon,,nor puE ..lov.;'. th. l.u<strong>rh</strong> ti€s sooan.E b.rwen jhc two.
Bequsc lovc witho E6on is on instincr, nakingus bchave likc ihc.dotescenls in
thc wod+ and eon *illroll tov. lums B i.to a TtEscus .ndlnefins a Hemi!\
liG. Thls Bonom's tunch poinrs io ! bsic splir in Th*6 .nd Hippotlr. *hich ir
i. ncd ofE-inr.8Etion, i..., thc einutnscutinc pcen. G.&n) qlh lne
&iru/femi.inc pc6ona (torc). Th. thcnc funhdetatcs ro <strong>rh</strong>c bld of !..lote?,and
"tmf' i. dolh huncn orBofioo\ (t, ii, t 9). Thc in.8cs rt r to <strong>rh</strong>. opposirts
pdrcms in our plychq dE lovq puls us loq,rd ldndn6, 9rp.ihy, comp6$ion,
.nd tolde. Th. ,trmna.vithin urgcs tor.ggE$io, @nrror, and conmdd.
Wilhou! lhc aEh..ttlal lov.r, wc bccom. ..mitiiints ,or ..$ldi.rs,,, .id whhour lhc
'tyMl" wc loo$ or d.feisive m@hanism. Thcseus d.v.tops 6 | .,nitilanP in thc
liN phae of his lif., cp|6ins <strong>rh</strong>c lov.r withiD. IrE rover cn.rry beobs acliv. in
Thus it is intcEning ro rotc thar Tfiecls' tove ofHippotyra eows ou of
'\rs." L thc opdin! sD.ecfi, hc says ro Hippotlto:
200

I fto'd Lh* siti Ey sord,
And M fty low doins lh4 i4jun6j
Erul I qill q€d <strong>rh</strong>* iD mdE k X
Wi{r Fnp. yi<strong>rh</strong> <strong>ri</strong>umph, bd *i<strong>rh</strong> |ftti'80. i. t$ t3),
Th. liar two lircr i. tnc .tow p{ss. Ea.r to dr p€5! lhc ...cto!t" in $.n liv*
TIE ..xt r*D lin6 cvok <strong>rh</strong>e tutuF, r po&n<strong>ri</strong>rl y.t to b. eti4d. Hi! tor fo.
Hippo[1a suge.srs ! n€w beginninS and hinls al a pEes of rc,narudron rar
dund hmony md con@rd. Syhholic.lty. the inaCe of.Rd" (I. i, l6) that
Th4.ur $ boErfully d.c<strong>ri</strong>b.s in .hc opcning senc 6 b. inogin.d s lhc D.rtod of
ht crpe<strong>ri</strong>@, $parl<strong>ri</strong>oa nnd dif@.ti.<strong>ri</strong>on du<strong>ri</strong>.B <strong>rh</strong>. ruJr phe of tifc. Th. in g.
of"$d'bnnes ro lisnt a eqking "8ddl,' ihptin8 .<strong>ri</strong>6v.EioF l@ins of
pq<strong>rh</strong>ic dcr6' oursidtswork, .dv.nruE, qptoits, w ofsds.s, eit}5is b€$d
upon thi nking, lnrcEstingly, June chttoys m.ni.l ihagery b .xpl, in hb noiion of
cgo d.v.bpncnr. In this conrex( h. says, rlthc indjvidurl cgo 6utd b.6n€iv.d 6 <strong>rh</strong>.
6m@dr 6f! sell ,mv in lh. sfwab wnh hit cnvionm.nts vd .ot i.fGqu.nit, on
Mo trliar b.for nir dE tugSt. fd disr.ncq in rlE d ihc sg8t. *.id hh on
E-bcllioB iBfirdul n nE" rlr. stu&- a,d 4,s<strong>ri</strong>., otke ?lxir., cy 6,9.293,
cBph4ir nin.), '' Tn inage of"wd' is diEctty ti.ked ro that or<strong>rh</strong>. .,$ord,., Thc
"sord"{ur powe! to conlot, man.8c, .nd conqu' our cnvironmcnt -is pad ofour
cxtlvsting p@s forgmw<strong>rh</strong> and.votution, bur push.d to ns e rcD. <strong>rh</strong>c pl!€s
n.y clungc inro s .ddidion of.pptyin! ir io *rr srn G of tifc, d*nsilizing oB
6.ultyto fel ed she wiIn o<strong>rh</strong>6. Th@ur' frs phe of dcElopm.nr tu t6l b.
it[gln.d t .'!wd" of.<strong>ri</strong>ilvcning cn r$/t which retcs on u opposirc coue !t
lh. !@nd pfrssur. poinl in his Iifc, i,.. th. niddte 6ge c<strong>ri</strong>sis.rJ Whitmonr'sftmllks
funhcr dplain fic Doi.t. Hcsoys:
It is orc of <strong>rh</strong>. @ Jhdsabt pudoxE of F !\i( tjf. 6d $. Frcnic tordiry
FqurE md d.m,nds thi! ponill duded in m 'ni<strong>ri</strong>al ditunion s & +q {|.n
Ecsro ( Sudtv r dx tud hlrf ol <strong>ri</strong>fq by r cmpoebry. @npknmbr,
orpordM imd d oMio6ty @fi,n9 bsd <strong>rh</strong>a ongin un6Miod p.bd.l
201

wholqE in a .dud apdi@ *hi.h it nN r. includc coieioana . . . . Tlr
dm!of llft !.mtodddoplik .dirlddcdtl.,!6!stthcinldlldsidcd
sbnln8 polition... rd ln? oppclig cliiffi ofrtc S.lf which pull in a ncw diEtiot
(s)nroL B,.sr, p. 251, dphck min.).
Thc rry op.ning wod in Dzur is'ho*" (1. i. I ), renp<strong>ri</strong>nS ou! intinalion lo l@k
for dc dcbils in it' oppotiie, i.e,, 'thcn," In lhis !pp@.tly ncslisibl. Mrd, 'fid,"
i hiddd Thss' p{s! hk childhood, rou$, }ouittul rdv.nluc, chlllds6,
fodalio. oI id..taV, .n@uter wrth compld6 nrdologi4d 6s ddg.E$ dimals
ed in@<strong>ri</strong>glbl. oudaws. Al this lcvel, lhc "lhcn" funotions, in a m.r..dm!tic @,
a t kjnd of'tip foldd'@ding all th. dp.dcn@s dd rcli<strong>ri</strong>ti.s, non his infecy
lhmud yodh lo ldulth@d, qrlnding ov.r fony ro6.'' Th. lonc nc ldoprt to blk
with his ltrnca. nmifets tlE mod. .nd fu.cti@3 that h. h4 d4lo!.d o.-sid.dly
duing hi! fom.tiv. rq6. He ues thc synbol of'tvord" in such . wly s i<strong>rh</strong>e
llcntifiB nis p.Mml Nith it-a p.@n! of rn aliho<strong>ri</strong>iativc, connlndin& strcng,
$pdid, ed un.siLbL dd indomiEbl. fig@. Hiltnd\ io.e. of -blnle
h.rdd.d Ttres" .bk6 a iieid l€an likc sre (Re-Yt:iontag Psychotost, p.
134).
In ntdolo6/, hc is d€piccd !s livin8 with hcr ro<strong>rh</strong>cr (wi6out !@i.C his
falhs) till hii youth to fin

I!. sror, of Th.tu' dly yd shos rnar hc Emlins u.dar tnc influcne
ofnis noilcr, which exploins dio&po$csion bd $e womanizin8 conpl.x dl<strong>ri</strong>lg
bis youlb, s w s+ Iater in lbis chapr.r, His adrnrrcs on <strong>rh</strong>c wly ro A$ens for
finding out hi fatlcr sugS6ls thc p@$ ofd.velop.e inlo a you<strong>rh</strong> lm s}nbdlic
poid ofvia, or ro bc sreific, 6Dn |i. n.tcmal tosdd thc pikhautjg6:r His
e@6ld wnh $. Minoltur'dd i$ killin8 points b tn. bG.t wnh <strong>rh</strong>.
hconeiouvfchinin. sid. ofhis psych.. A pqsag. i. Draui quotcd h.low, giv.s
s ooe inlbmoion .bout his onc-sid.dly dcveloped p.en!.
I\eBt1r.lo evith t^eC2ntoB, to b. na
By d ,1th.'16 Mrch b tk hdp.
W.1l Mc of <strong>rh</strong>4 <strong>rh</strong>d I hiw rold my lda,
Ir glort of nt kimm Hdut.'
n( rtd ofk npt, btuhMb,
-nid i3 . d.vic.i md i. B pt.y d
wnh I lrcm 1llches cme td b co.q!.r.
7h. k tc. thue Mts.s nomtnsht th. d.ath
OILwk& Id. deed d h b.etatt.
'It! h $nc $tiE tc4 and ciiel,
Nol snin3 *ir\ a nuplial mdoir.
l kdN hn fw dNqz Pt66
lnd hk low T<strong>rh</strong>bt: ut, tugt.al ^hh.
M.ir,.id t!$€lt Tcdious!.d b .n
'ft is, hd i.c &d 'mdrcs srtug. snow,
Hw sh.ll k 6nd dre @n6rd of<strong>rh</strong>b dh@.d (V. i. 44-6!, ihtic! o<strong>ri</strong>ginrtx
Tn t.ttl. with Ccnl!u6,'. dd his ruc1ion to ir clcdty sho* th6! it is pi$ for him.
It is nor . livin8 pEence for him tuynod, 6 is in thc ce ofih. youns3.6.
Fu.dtmoE, hi3 @tion also sBg6rr <strong>rh</strong>or h. diFwE iL Thc
B.c.hn.li.n'DionFii. <strong>ri</strong>ter dd u!lj.tmbolize thc.no<strong>ri</strong>onal dpets ofhis liG
on a hi8h.! phn ih.. that or <strong>rh</strong> e C.nt!u!s' , B.cchmls aF ,sse iaGd wiih a Ctuup
ofwonc. dmci.g in a fteEid fashion, qbi.h h ! sbonS/uib<strong>ri</strong>dkd lnin!-pbj.ctioi
duing to!i||. l @ninely, The6 srr !bo!r B&cbdts, "Tfiar is . d.vi@; dd n
sa play'.vwhcn I lM Th.bcs qm. ld to @nqu.r." *hich agai. cr6 ro nis
pas1/old involvcme in tnc.xp.ficnccvhil. duming fomTh.bcs ora.,conqueoi'!
20t

Conqu6!, e ceicd oll by ll|c @n*ious pcMn.lilv 5nd @mdl.d, 3!idcd'
dd eovmed by th. cgp. d $8a6!.d by lnc pDnoun, "1," in lh. sbove Efcnc.-
Thc .dl it.m Ehr6 b |hc "MB!s," vhicll fon . ,!f,gim ap@q Finrs ro thc
p6i<strong>ri</strong>v./cFtiw drrer of$. fcni.inc pincipl.l On th. lisl ofcnedinmcnq <strong>rh</strong>cv
@ $oq soming th. d6lh of lahin& which idniouy indic.l4 Tt'*u'
disinterGt in artislic cE <strong>ri</strong>ons, His oitici$ oalbc MUG for th.n sadnd vcin
Fi.a
to <strong>rh</strong>. ssniva sp.cl ofhb p.Eontliry, which h. des not wul lo se<strong>rh</strong>is
sh.dow.r' I f ih. imag.s ol B@h.h.h" and '€.nlau$" cvoke d chto<strong>ri</strong>c p ictur. of
prcj.ction-nating wiin no will for odcr dd orllnialion, th. Muss," 6 ina8.d in
Tn Fs' sp6L symbolia his suppEssion of th. positivdcftltivc ap.c|s oflhc
fchinine:' Howdq, he choos6 for cnrctnc lnc play-let p€prcd bv Bottom &d
his nidds. Th*u apptuv* of i1 with I clliLt ofoxynoonic sdctuB, which
rynbolt his f<strong>ri</strong>lN ro hold dE otposit* log.th.i Th. idd ofholdi.C "oppositcs'
tog.drd G lhe .tu.8ra. w.y of int Ading pqchic rystm bed upon dilf.mt l*ls
of acrgiA tunctiding on tnc M. pdncipl..z
Tn*$' failuE lo hold "oppoiit J'to8alh.r toiDts to ! lrp
in his o.eios
Dfto.aliq/ ed the dci.iypal/symbolic dimcnsion ofhb psvche Thus hc cel.bni.s
cmcioBn s ol the .xpc6. ofruning his ba.k on thc unconscious dd its cdativ.
lo@s.' ln lhis way, thc pesont hc dcvclops is tyPicallyneuli.c i. ils svnboli.
sugg.s<strong>ri</strong>ons. Ftun a Jugid standpoint, his cnticism Fvols lhe lopsided .niiudc
towld @ft.in nod.s ofcxp€<strong>ri</strong>encs funhcr Eht d to lhc lhinki.S functiDn, which is
p@. to b€ neulinc i! il3 lnrltliql pDp.nsitt,r ,ohnsion us6 explains lnis
situdid i.rn foll$i.g words, Hc $r3:
Ar rc 3F, ed d4lop w chF* lom <strong>rh</strong>. oppotiB orp.Mnalily b 66lltuh ou
3.@ or*lt w. dcv.lop our.go (C.pibl Lfi.r 1') in <strong>rh</strong>is mm- Thc l'sk orthc
6d h.lfoflif. ir ro d*tor p.F6lit b $. hd ofor abill9 e * d liw.nd
nlEdo indEsrld. H@e. oudmloi'mdt iil@nlyb@m6 oHidd, O't

of rI. opposiB of pmillity i5 ch@n hd 4phGi@ d <strong>rh</strong>. dNsa of <strong>rh</strong>. odcr.
You hn. dE b-' inhEn rou s bur cmen 0 unds d*c6pcd dhvdi e
sd 6nqr mal. Fu 4rr u@mfotirbte o,, you b4m. ih. bd of d<strong>ri</strong>ntrd
w ! od or bu<strong>rh</strong> wid! dF letin8 si& ot tia.. y@r Intui<strong>ri</strong>d Dy b. aeD6r bd
l:lry.:yh:rIf jl {: p',y ldib of d<strong>ri</strong>r, rrf. Armid<strong>ri</strong>r.<strong>rh</strong>.n]dinsdd
pt'poe of <strong>rh</strong>._f6 h.tfoflift !c8iE b fiit. Tna !a6d, cho3< ir E no ber
::a: : f::" -.l.tr @G mG. |@!.66ofmtui4 uf.onds4fu
D ru lpd s'gc rdr tmpbro ei$ ro gd or @<strong>ri</strong>on $ K tiu n*. <strong>rh</strong>.
tug. (rohnron Eb.;c}
Th.ss wond.s nd b find ln. co.cord ofth. dieorddr s.ts of.bppcir.s,,,s h.
$ys (ry. i, 4460), which i. a w.y points !o his Dsychotogioal cio,tion. Hc h4
dcv.loped lh.diffcE.<strong>ri</strong>alingdin.nsion In thc fiEt hltfofhir life, and knows *.
hd io dividd/an.lyze dings inlo opposil.x blr do.s nor know ho* b unrte $en.
H. can sep!6ie a tncsis fdm irs o.ti<strong>rh</strong>.sis, but is un.bt. !o synth.size dEm at this
point, which JuDg would c.tl ..diatcciicat p6e$" (tta ,,rals, p. 2 r O). Tbc
followi.g pos8! ale poinr b his on.{idcd p.&ndiiy. He eys ro Hippolyl!:
Tn. kind.r *c ro siE <strong>rh</strong>d $ur! tu no<strong>rh</strong>irc
Otr $on dult b. ro bt yhd <strong>rh</strong>cy ni<strong>ri</strong>.k j -
And uh.t poo, dury 6.d do. noitc
T.16 n in mighq mr @dr '6Gr
Whdt I hlw c6q gEr ct rk lrq o@.d
To ed m. wi$ pEoq<strong>ri</strong>d.d wl@:
wl@ r h'rc sn dm 3niEr. d tok rti
Mat F<strong>ri</strong>ods i! th. Didj of er*Q
'IisEte dEir pnclisd r@.nt in <strong>rh</strong>. f6B
Ard, in conct6io'\ dunbty haw bok. on
Nor plyin8 Dc . EtcoDq Tru mq rcr
Out ofthh silol yd r <strong>ri</strong>ckd ! wlen.:
A.d i. <strong>rh</strong>e modar, off@tut dury
I Ed a m(h a frcn ft. rdh; bnir
o|ss(y lnd rdd&iouj.toq!q;, -
t ve. <strong>rh</strong>eEfoa, and rong!+<strong>ri</strong>.d ,hptioit,
<strong>ri</strong> red spd mst ro nycrr<strong>ri</strong>9(v. i,39.t05),
Tn innediat€ etr@r of..no<strong>rh</strong>ing" on us is n.ga<strong>ri</strong>v.. Th. indse ofnndhins,, k nor ,
onetin. @ctio, but is tink d ro ! fi.ld ofsymbotic oFEtion. Th6.us ale us
' .irt mlhing" ro c<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>cia yodhnlt fut .i6 !d s<strong>ri</strong>s<strong>ri</strong>c cs.<strong>ri</strong>on: q drscur*d
bcld. Hc wrs ro tlbt Bofton ed hL f<strong>ri</strong>a& for Doihing., w.i.89). A.d
Philctl'. s !c of rn qpBid "N<strong>ri</strong>in&'. twi* i. ! tin , is rurnd
205
'dic.<strong>ri</strong>vc
of .

cultua wh.E ..s.tion donin.rcs, Hc $F to Thcss, *No, n, lordh is not for
yo!, h.v. nqrd il over/And n is nolhin& noding in tn wrld" (V. i,Z-79). Thc
lin6 quolcd .dlid !E chqed wnh nc!6<strong>ri</strong>ve cno<strong>ri</strong>on, They prc*nt ! ..livc', pictuc
ofthe D.Bon. thll Tla6 l|44 b.foE hi5 fisc& wnon h. t lk lboul the
"erlinic" El@m. tbn lh. "|tud" ehols. t|c cnjoys th. lqrtul dd
$bmisiw p6oa oftlE'oL.ict'$.ho p.y hin dci.'rrjbulcs s $., 'tnbt. dd
tdbblcwhil. Eadingfieneuloeics tohim, H. bo6ts o<strong>rh</strong>is knowtclg.of <strong>rh</strong>.it
f.{tuj.*s. Thc highdt dcsE of "$hrcJ'le wdrs ro g€t is lhc pin dDp sitence on
d.n par! which in ! pay is rmbotic of<strong>rh</strong>cir &!tn, Th.E is no tne of kindne,
.tf*tio'r siMiry, lov., q @pc5don i. hir sFeh. Tlc mitud. h. ldopis suirs
n@ r i,tu1 th.n a lover, dE two @1.5 wnich Botton chooes ro pldy (I- ii-20).
Th.s.us' rpp.Enl "fiardines" can rcadily be dn<strong>ri</strong>buled b tnc lack ofthe f€etine
..cr6/, a Jung wolld ey.rr The*ul subj.cE" H'ppoltta to hh ..meu<strong>ri</strong>n. n.<strong>rh</strong>od
ofilrolgtir," a Dia 9ord sry (243). Hir sp@h Evotq eund <strong>rh</strong>. n.snive
'9.i!li4 of fa md sild@ s sigB of 6De! which E ,.synpromi,of on.sidcd!*s
d htu p.n- Th*ur' .<strong>ri</strong>licism ofan ii D ofsh@t of <strong>rh</strong>. epEsd
p6it'on ol!h. felins tundion. Thk is why hc..!pprei!B an and rnur.c ci.iiom
in a edistic f.shion, He $ys aboul dtuo<strong>ri</strong>c EpEnta<strong>ri</strong>ons, ..th. bcsr in <strong>rh</strong>is kind
e blr shdM" (v. i. 2r D. ,
Howci, Iheuj judgndr is q.hsiv€ly b6.d on th. thirkiie-*ns<strong>ri</strong>on
faculty+ typ. whichjudges thi.8s Malytiolly dd qu! ila<strong>ri</strong>vcly, S..nrrcn$is
lnelc, lni*ic cdtlo.r ar'lhodows, in lhc ens. {hd <strong>rh</strong>cy |rck tlngibtcand
qudiit tivcly ocedblc pntr.ms ed 3ttuduG,' Talld.s iboul thc <strong>rh</strong>inkins-
ssl<strong>ri</strong>o. tD., .turg sys tnat in ll.ti! rt!G, .c<strong>ri</strong>viry is ccid.Ed d.pcnddr on
intclLotull @nclusions o<strong>ri</strong>qled by objetivc d!rs, &d <strong>rh</strong>. dxrrav.n mak6 tfi*
706

conclBiors Into ! Iomula for his *holc cnvionncnt. Dcpcnding upon the
bord.* or <strong>ri</strong>Sidity ofdc fomula, lhc cxtraven 6n play a us.ful @1. i. si.!y or
3n @ptrsiv. oN. As all th. olhd fuc<strong>ri</strong>ors e w.di.y !.nhdic ac<strong>ri</strong>vi<strong>ri</strong>.s
f<strong>ri</strong>cnds paion !.nd to t epEsdil.rra is mol1 litcly to b. forcen inlo lh.
un@r$ious sd disrorted (Pq4rolog,iral Twes, Cv 6, p 24t ).
wi.h this blckgtud in nind, pc run to'<strong>rh</strong>eus' sp@h olclcba<strong>ri</strong>nS
"@l l!&n" .t lh. qps'* of d.pEciltins imsinadon" ed 'nnrrsi4"-' -ItF
lin6 gjrcn bclow dvql nis E&lion lo t!. slo<strong>ri</strong>B ofyounS lov.6; thcy do not nqe
.nrding for him onynoF. Responding lo Hippollat Motio. lo thc odvcnruE'of
th. yN.grt E a "r!!rg." fl. i. I ). Th*s s)€:
MoE rr.n8r <strong>rh</strong>m tu. I '@ dly t lis
'146. o<strong>ri</strong>qu. hbl.si .or <strong>rh</strong>e f<strong>ri</strong>tt ht'
bvcu lnd nadmen nak srch *.thing bnjB,
such $rpiry fmBi6, rfidr ippf<strong>rh</strong>cid
Morc $in oool rc6on @npEhond..
Th. lun.<strong>ri</strong>q de lmr, md th. peq
AE ofisqination oll 6mpEr:
On. s6 moc ddils <strong>rh</strong>.. a h.ll 6 bch.ld.
Tfid ii llE m.dmm: drc ld.r, dl a ftdic
S€ H.tmt hauly in a brc* ol EA,pr;
'Irrc pdl s .y., in a fin. l&nrt rclling,
Doth gl.nc. iom havm lo 6nh, non anh b hcivcni
And, 6 tdaginclion bodi.s lonh
IrE fms ofr'iings untnown, lhc po.l 5 pd
Tun! <strong>rh</strong>.m io shrp6, md Biwr ro .iry nothirg
A lool h!!idio. &d r leq
such <strong>ri</strong>c'j i.<strong>rh</strong> tu8 inrgidioi,
'rn4 if it mlld bur .ppehcnd !@ joy,
I. @npEhcnds snc bing.r of th.t joy;
or in <strong>rh</strong>. ^lghr, inEgini.c em. f..r,
Hov dy h a bush suppos d I borrt (v, i. 2-22),
Th*us' el.bE<strong>ri</strong>on ol '@ol Een" h a $eeping shtcmcnl on his prn dd bflshcs
6l|. lll motion!, *ith6, d6iG, p{siot<strong>ri</strong> fant si6 md .6<strong>rh</strong>ctic dpdicner s
smlhins .m.r8ing undcr p6thologi6l condilionr wnioh haw .o<strong>rh</strong>ine to do vhh
ou qislcniial situations 6d eq.<strong>ri</strong>.ntial circunst nc6 ss hunds,r' No doubi, rlc
f.qliy of 't@l lten 'n lF us fly . planc. tu . lah.isl dysfundion, mat

intnn6in.l alcutltions, bur iG .th.A cde." b.&n6 btunr wh.n rpplicd Io hunu
cL<strong>ri</strong>oNhips.x Hund Elr<strong>ri</strong>oos do not foltow pEdicrabt. p tcns. M.dilgd nade
hd.r "pojectiotu" usually diselv., Mudqs tud 3uicides hav. <strong>rh</strong>.t o<strong>ri</strong>lin in $e
"bct" wifiin. Thc ompc<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>oD in ih. fictd ofweporry shows how .!nlisht..ed" *€
G! ft@ tu .o "philom.rr!" on th. w! ro n6uE lovcs and claion<strong>rh</strong>ips in r.ms
ofn.ss! volum., ot wicbr, D@<strong>ri</strong>bilg <strong>rh</strong>ings ..in tcns of necfianism .nd $c
pely physial noy b. aeu@ .iough so fd 4 n 8@; . .. Ibuq it is i.addutc ed
ip!^ (Rakn 13,cmphsknirc). t.
vicw oI th. sm. ren, Mansan s.ys, "tn Thesuc lim itcd world-li* <strong>rh</strong>.E is
bm only for lhe r.uh ofevc.ydayi @hmons4. cxtc<strong>ri</strong>cnc.: a ln* ti6 bcyon{t
th ir ".niquc f.bl.," &d d.r which b .sFes." it .trosr etui.ty nor .l$ ..r.uc,
( l7l), BrowmloB is ako i<strong>ri</strong>@l ofTh.sui pnil@phiclt posnion. H. s!ys:
Inq6 ii rukd lrr Tib-ar wi<strong>rh</strong>on inowin! ,L ,nd h. hs T rt ti8 of qhd 3as on
h m uoo03 161 o.yod hk ciry, nor d6 h. 3ud <strong>rh</strong>lr <strong>rh</strong>. qdds. inhrb,bB
in$d. hb M ho@ att r drrt. ln $m. ars, <strong>rh</strong>dfd.j he lno$ t6 rbod <strong>ri</strong>f.
<strong>rh</strong>m Bobm knM {p_ t4 D.
Th*6' lovc of "cool 60r' t..dr ro luh hum6 inro nehin6, inlo i cdt of
fixrd m4@hcnts by fo&ins lh.o into th€ tydniqr .1aw ofAth.ns,',r' S.cn 1106
! Jungiu FuFctivc, <strong>rh</strong>. sp..ch Ddlt.ls Jung,s ei<strong>ri</strong>quc ot o..-sidcd Etionatir or
im<strong>ri</strong>onrl atiomlity. H. sys:
Thc d ispos il ion to *clusiv.nc$ is e dcou Eg.d no tess by farloralirr. The
Bcn@ oflhis @nsisls in lt. flar dcniol ofwh.Lvcr is oppos.d to onc.s oM
eyofsing dings.ider fron <strong>rh</strong>. toeic ofinL ad or trom <strong>rh</strong>c toSic of
RIng. tr 6 qlutty mointc dd rlmmiol in rgard ro |!&n ilscn We
ough ro b. gnr.tul ro Bcrgson for h.vine botcn ! Iane in d.fde ofdc
ina<strong>ri</strong>mat (Two Esals, Cw j. D,288, n.[6 o<strong>ri</strong>ginlt).
Ther is no sp&e lor lhe imtionrt,lhe fanL$tic, dd lne mimcutous in
Th.s*' *trld. !. a nursh. , hc d..i6 !@.piing <strong>rh</strong>c oppo<strong>ri</strong>t sidc of his @reio6
nind. whicn is ! ti.y fdgm.nr on lh. surf{c. ofln. ufr<strong>rh</strong>omabl. @d, <strong>rh</strong>.

Th.E is no splce for lhe im<strong>ri</strong>onal. thc fot stic, .nd thc mt culous in
Tb*us' world. In s nutsheu, h. dcni6 accepling <strong>rh</strong>c opposne sideofhis@nscious
nind, which is a tiny f4Dent on tia surfe of tlE un&thomable oc@, thc
uncon$ioN.! Th! tsycbologiat
position ofTlEe6, s found in <strong>rh</strong>. p.sg.,
conespon& ro lhat ofan exreme cxlr.v.ned tlTe in Jungiln studies. Forexomplc!
Aeqii.s to Jh& tlE tu .ftrltbd dinldu ryp6 $hs!t4!b!h
<strong>rh</strong>cmsrwr ind dh.6 ro lh.n tqulq a sFld ofrulcs, idals md pnicipk $rr
in <strong>rh</strong>. .nd bsm6 a dgid nodl .od.- fi.n bcnchmek lEjdice .nd rru<strong>rh</strong>, bed
on lhd th.y .onsider b b€ lhc puE$ comeiwbl. fohultrtion ofobjeo<strong>ri</strong>v. rc.liiy
(45, enDhair min.).
Th6ds division ol his rbcm6 into *ningly i@ncilrblc opposir6 involvG lhe
f!rctio.6f<strong>rh</strong>inkin&lnc f&ully <strong>rh</strong>ar c.hr.6 our daltlical ap.biliii€s lor.<strong>ri</strong>ving
.l c.rloin @nclu<strong>ri</strong>oN. Fordhd's.xplrna<strong>ri</strong>on funh.r cldifics thc poinl und.r
rnk tp. (<strong>rh</strong>ai<strong>ri</strong>nsl <strong>rh</strong>ink! ftl.ss our ind cm6 ro 6iclu<strong>ri</strong>o6 basd on obj.cliv.
dib+hlr h. 6rrs dE "lic . H? tit6 togic od ord.i .nd is fond o<strong>ri</strong>.v.n nA
d romll! b .rpB his vids. H. b's his <strong>ri</strong>L on p nctprB ,'d wutd tik. b
s6 o<strong>rh</strong>.E do <strong>rh</strong>c !5e....H. b.<strong>ri</strong>Mr <strong>rh</strong>rr hc ir a<strong>ri</strong>oi.r lnd rasical, bur in fst h.
suppB.s all <strong>rh</strong>at do6 nor fil inro hls sohmq or Efu&s ro rcognia i!. Hc bor\
dislikd.nd f@6 thc im<strong>ri</strong>oi.l. <strong>ri</strong>d he rcprcs$ mo<strong>ri</strong>oi did fetins, rnd rrnds ro
b@D. 6ld dd leking in uf,doBondins ofhun'n wotnc$, H. ncslets <strong>rh</strong>. M of
liimdlhiD .nd ol Eldiochip lo o<strong>rh</strong>r p6ph, hd is on.n i flmily 9tur (p.14,
Thcss' tsnn.nt of H.mia is a glding .eplc of lining olhcu into . rymniol
fomula, Life is not a mech.niolsystcn functioning und.r prcchelyc0lculat.d law$
ccsily pEdictobl. cvcnk, rnd losicol syLloskms.'
Sodcoflhc phmes in Thcsu3 sp.eh Egoic fudhcr anllFis to ch<strong>ri</strong>t his
blindnc$ io dc "slzygiaf Aiale<strong>ri</strong>ol cla<strong>ri</strong>dships i. thc idage he employs fo!
&lwncing hh idcaof toolreaon," Thcerpftssion hc uscs for youthlullsnrasics is
'lc.<strong>rh</strong>ing bEins. TlE eor4 "sdling. is Gociatcd with lhe $u.d pmdu@d by
boilins war€r, suSg.ning $e duldFn ol d6iE hidden in nE*u

lowr in lhc rcry h.Einnine. Pojeti.ghis tgircl ontolhc"mM,n eys,""shc
lin86s my d6iE' (1, i, 4).ro AppqErtly, ln. slow oo<strong>ri</strong>on of th. n@n mat6
m*Binpatcntcvcndrouah<strong>rh</strong>c moon hanolhinBrodo \vnh his desircs: ir
no6 !t a unifom sFcd no nlttd wh.t our c.t ofmind ir. Thceus is pojel'ns
hb"d4iF o.lo th. m6n," which is sisn olhis psychologic.l and .ro<strong>ri</strong>oiil
inmotu<strong>ri</strong>ty, His imp.<strong>ri</strong>ence is notjusr q one-lime cmotiondl ourbu4tilhcrc isa
p.it mro it. H. Mnts 'Io w* aqat this long agc oa <strong>rh</strong>G houE.,(v. j.8l).
TIE nqt phm* k "shaping aanirsi.s," shich is !n lncon$idus @gni<strong>ri</strong>on
on his pdrt io acknowlcdg. dE f&r thil our sense ofstluorurc, fom, org]'nialion, md
configuEtior slcms fom the fehsythinking, s dplai.cd by .,ung Anothct
.roBid is "Hcl.rt b@uty,.. b@w ofE$/p!" u*d for hieltictftiis whnc Gcl.n)
&d black (Esypt dichotomy.'' Thccombina<strong>ri</strong>onofblacksndwhit m.kes ! picluG
asily visihl., which <strong>rh</strong>o symbolizcs <strong>rh</strong>. intcEction bcrwmn <strong>rh</strong>e coieious(whik)
tnd lh. u.oneious Olrck). fic s@id point Tfieus nhes is <strong>rh</strong>ai of cE.lion tmm
"tiry nolbins." Sonc crnic think thlr <strong>rh</strong>. ided @dpon& ro Pt.to s 4!d*i,,which
d@s nol sn to hrve substanli.lgoundsofvelidity.,?
Wi<strong>rh</strong> Tl4cls @d E&n in mind,<strong>rh</strong>c.xpE$ion..airy nolhins equiB
fudh.r mlysis. Th6.us us inc imlgc ..airy', b qlatify .nolt'ing" !o jE$ his ide,
of nor<strong>ri</strong>ngncar/.mp<strong>ri</strong>i!ss," Airy is<strong>rh</strong>cddjec<strong>ri</strong>va' lomol,,atr,, <strong>rh</strong>evnat$urccof
thc phcnomcnon @ll.d lit€.'r As hunans, we bEa<strong>rh</strong>c in/our aLrcCuta y, rnd oir isa
basic 'qui@di for our biosphcE. An nly bc fclr !s li8h. b.w., @ put[ dd s
lorc.fu I a a hunicrnc, typhoo.. o, romodo, sugg*tin g irchcndous enggy. A n 6
wifuJclliics thc oloods loadc! willl ruir:. stro*, md l<strong>ri</strong>l, C otrds rc vtibto bu|lho
poqer (lirlwind) <strong>rh</strong>or popels thcn ir nor, similarly. ccn<strong>ri</strong>n bch.vioudt plrlcms e
visibl., bd rbq focs (.ehciypcs) rtfac<strong>ri</strong>.g thm a6n ih. innd dcp<strong>rh</strong>s
2t0

h. s. {rd ina@. ro bo<strong>rh</strong>a oul and ,n L{in a,.r./@. ro pa tn otd
HE amlAl?htu '@a E 6d.r!d b' ar!,, br. h. In AnSiq wind k ,ti,
e! d, is srr, spift. nr i! r qu,G ,mi|J onnc<strong>ri</strong>on qi<strong>rh</strong> oE ckk prrrre.
.. ot<strong>rh</strong>G. c@L rr, r,4. std. lnd t!,,,
c,v.4 ror.rout.rc FhGd b Ac noior ofmov rs^ r.,hc coto brarof<strong>rh</strong>.
rp,ar And h6rko n wh) <strong>rh</strong>. F,ni<strong>ri</strong>E poinr otv s enooa <strong>rh</strong>esouts<strong>rh</strong> !n
B6DE M$-body{Vodl, ,r,,d in 9o,th ol a sort. D t3c,.
'ne6 -orry no<strong>rh</strong>'nA- i! ! symboti( wlrotncgsunB <strong>rh</strong>. tcchs funcron,
thi.h pla)s an ac<strong>ri</strong>v. rcI. in etilii! roth.,.if,a in mai. Hitrmrn, usrates<strong>rh</strong>.
issle ofldina in $. foltowins words:
abd.rll,trMrE6b<strong>rh</strong>.vDtpnrctpte.or<strong>rh</strong>.pnnc,p..o,,,fcslunghsonm
mrnar&. rrcp'k '6 sp.r, inrbtu<strong>ri</strong>aliry. 6. !i,m, "om6 s r dnv;g fod
6 rmpodjr a 0! b@lh R bR<strong>rh</strong>.. som? or iB,Eh.t|al .m.s.ry hs do
D6enrd b) nr rung. o<strong>rh</strong>n t_tghD d,bodkd .om3 or f ( codd;; of , i. .rc
(pck11cd by knhine rgrB ,l Ca.k r yb, ap*,!, J XoE fig,6. and ad re,
rffipnon.. ADhl.d<strong>rh</strong> Atuai5 m.-vabnaB plrchotaE . p.ta7)
Thc im.ge of".ir" ir inEinsi€tty EtrGd to filE{ a <strong>rh</strong>cE woutd b€ no fiE wnnout
!n, b[ rnc.n ale cxlinalish ir, and thus Edlcing hcoi Hol air is ligh! lnd gc up;
c@l<strong>ri</strong>r k havy.ond gocs down. mrd lhc smc p@ossc0(scs wid. Thus dir. wind,
! l *a&r aE @logi€Uy @nn*r.d. B6id6 e liry lprce ts Je ss@ior.d wi<strong>rh</strong>
hshl\ visour, viroliry, and tifc. Funn.more, an ,ind hls ns n<strong>rh</strong>icat signifiEne,
nm: RudE is dc wid-god in Hindu my<strong>rh</strong>olo$/. aid b d.scibcd .s having ..ey.s on
.ll sjdci &6 on llt sida. am! on ! sid.s. &e. on .lt sid.i.(tar,t o/
ttuntlondio,, p.t22). 118 i@sc ot..ai," h6 its .isic.d,t inpotuncc in dirreEnr
conrcxls.ond whd k!iiry. dnnor b..iiolhins (ehply,,btank) as Tleseus <strong>rh</strong>inks.
Wh.r h. Fi6 to ncglr. brckfircs al him, and diselv.s his.tootreun.,,
Tlc imas. of..vs! h€lt nj|l ofd.vik - us€d by Th.$c ror d6ign.dns
'thdncs, opcns i windo! inlo l<strong>ri</strong>s plBon! | unco.sio uJ or <strong>rh</strong>c psychic notum
whc rc lhc reprcscdl 'ndcvc tol)ql/Ltrtcrdc vc topcd,?u na ck no* ldlcd/ c Rpo I ic nccs .d
lound-" S.en lor . , u ngian p.Epcciiw, h is .tnl ighkjn.d,, posilion h id* , <strong>rh</strong> ict
5h!dow" behind it, As Johnsron eys, ..Th. noE Efincd our onsoious pc6ona<strong>ri</strong>q?.
?tl

wheN Lhc tuprcsscd&idc vclopdl/uido rdo vclopcd/u.no k row lcdscd/ cxt'c i c nes arc
fdnd." Scq frcd a .,unsirn Fspd<strong>ri</strong>w. hi.'tnligit ..d" position hid6 . thick
"shado{" b.hind it. As iohnston ey!,'"<strong>rh</strong>. moE Efin.d ou @.$ioos p.uonality,
thc moc shados wc h.ve blilt up on tn. olh.r side. This h one ofjung s Srcatcst
imfulB: <strong>rh</strong>or rlie c3o rnd rlD slDdow .o c loo <strong>rh</strong>c enc sotru and c$crlt bahcc
clch o<strong>rh</strong>cC (p.l7). Th.eus ituC. of'Unhcll tull of d.vili juxrap@d wtuh
ccl.bn<strong>ri</strong>on of toolEason. isa vislal Epae.&tio. of*hdt.June says abour thc
shrdowo5!d( In liito*n sds:
rtlu inrgiN smdft *ho is baw mu8n b vi<strong>rh</strong>dBw all his pbjcclioni tun
,o! s.l d individ@l who h con*ious ofa eEq$iqtr:Elq. such ! h,n ha
sddled hin$lfwith n* prcblcds did onnics H. has b.onc a$ o$prcbl.m
10 himself, a h. ir mw unobl. t' sy lhd o'.y do lhi. or tha! <strong>rh</strong>et E wns, ind
lh., mut b. fowht laaid H.ll€ In <strong>rh</strong>. "HNoa6. G<strong>rh</strong>c<strong>ri</strong>n&'Ssh a mh
km$ lh.t wh.t*.r is vdlg in <strong>rh</strong>. edd is in hi@lc ud iah. oily l.@ .o ih.l
*idl his M sh.dow h. hG dm ecrnin3 dl lor <strong>rh</strong>. turd. H. ha 3!e..d.n in
lhoulddiry r.l.sr m infii Gind ponor$.3i8!n<strong>ri</strong>c, unsolvcd s@id roblcN of
ov d^y IPtl<strong>rh</strong>ologl ond Rellglu, C r/ I I, p.140, cmphais ninc).
Theuc speeh givcs !s tne inpNsion thal wh.t hc knows is thc only glity, ot
<strong>rh</strong>cc is o.ly o.. aagory of @lity. Hc wdc ro ft .tdjone into <strong>rh</strong>ar modcl
irc3F.liv. of ogq p.Edi8n, and situa<strong>ri</strong>onal/circum.tan<strong>ri</strong>al diflercnc.s'!
Theeui ov.Gmthsis on "dl ren" supFns ihe liew thal his thinking
fliclion b hidly dd.lop.4 ehine in th. suppBion of lh. f@ling o... As a
g.ncdl ru l€, Th6cus' "au xi liary" function should b. fon the "id!tio..l" continuum
ih.l i! tne se.siio.rl (ec nole 48 in dis.hrpter). Thc lat lincs inTh.scls\peech
ctal his ss-b!s.d @lism. H€E hc eiws <strong>rh</strong>. €mdc or bli.g lhc "butn for a
hqr." nGsing thc mcdium oathc enscs s tneonly rcliablc source oaknowl.dgc.
Hcc again itshould b. noled <strong>rh</strong>dourscnes rrc parl ollhe wholc sysl.m, and the,
do h.lp us in B!th..in8 dab ftoh <strong>rh</strong>c dvionm.nt bul tunot .EllaE lh.m wi<strong>rh</strong>our
lunhcr 6qnsof ncasurenentand.vrlua<strong>ri</strong>on, A3. thi.kingiensation.cxrdvcn
ryF,Th*.!scmnol*..h.posibiliryof oth.rolEB.<strong>ri</strong>v.sinhh bu$lndb6l
zlz

.ulo&,. $ Fintcd our atow. Thc lacultt <strong>rh</strong>lr sns posibilili€s is <strong>rh</strong>. inrunior,
md TheeB'sns-ba.d Ealis shows <strong>rh</strong>al th. intuniv. frculw ren<strong>ri</strong>ns
u.dcdcwlop.d h hifi; n is pan of hir F*onsl
un@n*ious/shodo{. Thc
ftrd*lopm.' of th. <strong>rh</strong>irldrS@don ftndid .nr.its suppN'm of ihc
oppcitc ftnciionr lon ! Junsid ,G6pcc<strong>ri</strong>rc. i!., fc.tins ond intui<strong>ri</strong>on, Exphinins
th. posnion ofJung ii lhis Eead, J.tf. @r.!ei@lly s.ys:
olrgidcdns mE dobls iBlt tr dm ietf supcdo<strong>ri</strong> ond k . hpb<strong>ri</strong>on
.ldugh <strong>rh</strong>. dinlde n otr6 hrw itmF F!v.d d*p<strong>ri</strong>*. U'wh!r*.d, <strong>rh</strong>c
@un6-dlity dis and <strong>rh</strong>. plrchic ounrFf66 tiw on. ostdkd o. d.ni.d
by <strong>rh</strong>e 6@ious mind, <strong>rh</strong>ey cx.n g.n hflim ii l}|. fom ot un@n*iour
t nddcid .nd ihpuls. Ihk i! a r!. ofd,rc p6y.hotog of <strong>rh</strong>e individuil as of<strong>rh</strong>.
dftnrs oflh. conbmpoEry hisbry (p,71).
Wc tu lok at Th6.!s' psychotoSi{l posi<strong>ri</strong>on tnDugh <strong>rh</strong>. figue skcrch.d bcto*J'
ldlib!!,llfu|.rdF4no
t
<strong>ri</strong>gur.3.1
l. lh. $ove liguF, lhc lour blsl mws Epllst Theui rFotosiql po<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>on,
Amw I, th. 6ige.d. poinrs ourward .nd shows t'is .xrBv.n.d per$d, dominrndy

ack.d by tnc dinkin! fu nction.!! H is aur il i.ry aun.tion is th. ensation, snwn by
ldov 2. Tfie r& <strong>ri</strong>ioqs, I dd 4, ar th. bo0om poinl downwa'd, $ il in the
un@n$ious: imw 3 sussrs his undcrdcrclopql inlui<strong>ri</strong>on, whilc 4 undcvulopcd
wi<strong>rh</strong> lhe abovc inal).isofThcsos in mind. * rum to Hippolrl!. who
Ep@nts th. Am@ni.n Qucq wlnioFlik woh$ livins hc. Uf. .p.rt frcn ntn,
ln mythology, sh. is dcpicred 6a onc-bE6r.d woman,4'which points to h4
undcd.vcloped fcDininity, Tnis b.icf intrcduction mmifest Hippolylr's
p6*hologiol derclopmc d "ne," wca<strong>ri</strong>ng n!$ulin.'p.6ona" .t thc dp.nsc oa
supprcsinglhelemininconc.' GilcClhcsus''dce<strong>ri</strong>beshhftlLinginlovewid
Antiopt lHippolyll] in tfi. follwins v!y:
Of<strong>rh</strong>em all, An<strong>ri</strong>opc em. n6Esl ro cdching n.. Shc vs qu*n of <strong>rh</strong>. Anoons'
.ndlik allhcrsubjcctshidonlyonebuiibur0<strong>ri</strong>s n io wat imp<strong>ri</strong>rcd hc beaury.
An aMmplbh.d runno and wdller, shc had muscl.s 6 fim aid sludy 6 iho* oi
ourothlcts. I l@k hq in sin8lc @nboL ln ny Ms <strong>rh</strong>. sh8gl.d 1ik. a l@pdd (5I,
Ar dcpictcd in tn. aboE pcssasc, @ntdry to hd fdiiinc naluE, Hippolrla b€@h6
"meuliniud," symboliz.d by h.r ol. rs l..ds oflh. Amdons. Compa€d lo
Th.sur, HhpolyE EpEsrs a "wonrn.tum.d-no
(going .g<strong>ri</strong>nsr hq v€ry rarurc
Iik Aorcm-uned-lss) situalion, supprcsins thc popcny ol elatcdncs,
conhcciivily, and intcgrutirc encryy.rI F@m a psfholoBical poinr of vicw, he!
neulinc"n6k" (3ymtoliz.d by hc.wa ikequ.litics) is no lcs had.nen $on thal
ofth. g.n.Bl s. Th.t is why Nevo calls her a "nr."wohan Aodon" (96). Hd
sitqtio clsely @cobl4 *hat Momjcm explains a, "Women born lo fcminisl or
non-Ltditionalin nothc6 !G ene ho* -physislly r.malc. Th.y !F not bDughl
up like "wofran,'and !s! result lhcy do nol hlvc ! dhtiict, wclldclincd scll-
idcnlily, lhd whm th.y dq it is m!inly !n inlell@lual" slf idcntity" (web6ilE

Th. gfrlr pmblem of<strong>rh</strong>cinimus k <strong>ri</strong>or wh.n a Mna' is uiconsiousofhcrditmus.
ir lint up pi<strong>rh</strong> h.r solional sid. r^d shc b@m.s the pb!.rbirt .bu in <strong>rh</strong>. .hinr
shop_-slrc€. dcrclot a msuthc nind and t@k !r hedctf norc obj€<strong>ri</strong>vcty. bur
b.r fclina loinim utuc is prsd dom ud etd! ,i6 <strong>rh</strong>. .nim6. Ink .t6
hrny rEg.di.s in lifc, pdiculrrlt in tt @h ol rctztionshitps (Artko md lni^s,
Johnsron de<strong>ri</strong>bcs th. silu.lion *iln his lsos o. <strong>rh</strong>. hiddte age whic6 is Etcvanr ro
ourdi$usion icE, Hc svs:
This pne$ cu bc @nplioa&d by cultu'd influ.n6. The inprcr oflh. cety
mD.n e mown.nl no<strong>ri</strong>vrrd won n ro t6v. rr. hon fo, $, *o* pta@. i.
doing e. <strong>rh</strong>e mmrn had ro r.tc o
sue..d- n'.y h.d ro hdom. conp.<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>v. and dorc s.div.. nry hld b
;nEn.liE<strong>rh</strong>enemo<strong>ri</strong>omandbcroE to3i€.. Assrc$tr,+.3.*om6a<strong>rh</strong>idhtc
mry find <strong>rh</strong>d <strong>rh</strong>.y ha* 8lT@yd.v.lopfd h. 'nim6 o-<strong>rh</strong>e m,$uine.lers/. \r hd
u*y nd b do 6b rnr36k <strong>rh</strong>. fhinin. b'cl inro r}t.n t,\s fs.btrE .mphsi3
In DEm. Hippolyl.t caDluE by The*us issrmbotic ofthc dilficLrtr pr@$ othcr
u*illins EIum ro ber feminine DIH p@$ adimcul 6giving upd addiction.
In oth.r words, hcr un@Bcious idcntifiq<strong>ri</strong>on wi<strong>rh</strong> t.r fcmini.. nlruE is ,rr ro
b.comc moc consiouvmrtuE ber6r csrlbthhins a conplemenrory relaioNh jp
with <strong>rh</strong>d oflh.eus . ln th. b.ginni.g. h.r innudc tourd H.mi!,J c. is lh.t of
indiference rnd detEchm.nr, wnich b.frt a nascutinc pcr$n!. How.ver, herop.ning
spc€h shos that shc is moE .filned ro h.r onFioos *tfthan Thcscus is io hiJ.
sh. rcvals h.r limi.ine Gociltion i. indi@l wry, whicn snoB her
unconscousnc$ of ir'<strong>rh</strong>is is whyshc idcmjtieshcel wilh <strong>rh</strong>c.ibow,,, .imoon,,,
_dMm._aid'nighf-ltttminincsymbok. In o<strong>rh</strong>cr wo.ds, cvcn lhoush hcr
aninus is ovcrdev€lopcd ar <strong>rh</strong>e d of <strong>rh</strong>c suppEsioi of her coneious setr,shc
un@.eiouly adcn<strong>ri</strong>fi€swi<strong>rh</strong> hcroneiourett
Thes.us, on lhe othdhan4 onscioBry continuca lo supprcs his unconscious
s.lf- netums his back o. tis..ina. HiDpotrr ers lo Thepus:
Fo d.tr will quickty s@r <strong>rh</strong>.metE i. n,<strong>rh</strong>r:
Fou n 9R wi quic y dkm Mry ihe, hei
aid.hcn mei,likc ro o3itvq bow
N.r-b.nr in hav.n, lhil bcbotd <strong>rh</strong>. nisht

Folr dors sill qlickly sl€p lhsslvB i! <strong>ri</strong>gh<strong>ri</strong>
Fourniehb*ilLq0ickly dMm M.y <strong>rh</strong>c lime:
And lh.n den, like to a sil*r b.s
Ncw-b..r in hovun. slEll hchold ilrc <strong>ri</strong>shr
Olou el6ni<strong>ri</strong>6 (1. i. ?- r I ).
Hippolyla git6 p<strong>ri</strong>olity ro <strong>rh</strong>e prcessolluming"drrs" into "night," rcvcolingher
psych ic connetion wilh darkr6 lnd d.pths. Ncx( 3h. cm ploys th. ir.g.
"d@in!" fo. th. fl@ of dne. which * dpside whcn $€ un@@bus
(r.nininc side) bccom.s domind du.ing sl..p. Sn.lik.nslhe m@n" lo a'hilv€r
to*." bd es lhe fisuE or.ocrumal "sol.mnili.t' for $cn weddiog ercmony.
Thce im4$ giw ho lpeh m owno.c ol i.rov6ion. Ncium.l cal.b6tionr,
Iuar rssiationq drcdning proc*s prcfi8!rc lhe evcnts that immedi.!.lt lollo* <strong>rh</strong>e
opc.ingsnq Hcr sp.cch is chargcd with feelinEs ro lhc cxrcnr thar nolh ing is
rdgibL and gmsFblc: h€. idea of tinc cvok6, picrun mpidly flo*ing litcadsm.
Thc @ntcnt of h.. spccch is tutuEo<strong>ri</strong>.nred, which is @mpd<strong>ri</strong>ble with <strong>rh</strong>c cours itol
DEdr follows. Thb linc of<strong>rh</strong>intins fur<strong>rh</strong>cr sussdls th.r hd faculty ol inoi<strong>ri</strong>on is
m@ mtiE ths thlr oaTh.*B'. llo psyctologidl pci<strong>ri</strong>on m.y b. imlgin.d in
2t6

Thc lbove figuG illusraics HippotF.! Frchotogidtposi<strong>ri</strong>on Es a.\r.dioF
womd," in dcvi.lion ofn.r.$.nti.tf.mininity.' Th. doncd aiiow su8gcs$ hcr
''*f.wdcd-lhinking p.mmlirr,,.r which om our lo hc . "t npomry dcniting,, in
th. ficr ph& ofh.r lif€, md ihinss b.gin to llke a u-tum.ner h.r.ncounrd wi<strong>rh</strong>
Thcseus, Hen@, hq id.ntity h showi as a doned fiBufc ofa mascutjnepeuona
(!rcv-had pointins ouNdd} It in!.ncd .mw. <strong>ri</strong>lh Ih. circle at .hc bil€nd
Oow), shows h.r .sntiat a.nini<strong>ri</strong>ty aod synholia <strong>rh</strong>c a.mi.in. peMn!. Tnc
fcminin. pcen! willEplace<strong>rh</strong>. our.r ..c.e,. afte, hcr rc-cnelgcnc. f@D lh.
unconscrousasaninrrov.iled,f4ting"inruitivctypeofwomon. ti thisway, she fi|s
pslchologially inro hcr ..opposit , in Th*us.
Tncs$ .nd Hippotyb,s dieptcamnce fmn ihc *c.c poEnny suEgcsr3 !s ir
lhey e dEam ing. Ti. dhh-modc functions os a conduil ro E@nnec h.n ro
<strong>rh</strong>o* rspsrsol <strong>rh</strong>cirsellcs which run<strong>ri</strong>ncd inacGsiblcar lhc woking t.vet.
Bdidcs lh€ {oods, nerumal sumundings..nd lunar Ecph.q <strong>rh</strong>c pihodi.l
jn!g6 Gani6) cpEenr <strong>rh</strong>€ innolcning/Ee6ir pcas. The dEo,nod.
pesents a counl.rpolc totheoncsidcd snuslion in th. wrking node, brc.kinglh.
bMicNof<strong>ri</strong>rc ed spre, toBical scqu.ncq @utconncclions, dd ation.I,
phusiblccvcnrs, ln <strong>rh</strong>is rcster, <strong>rh</strong>c tumr inagcry ptays ! viru, tu,c 6
lnnsfomativ.fcminin. cners/.rr Lik. Spu4eon (s .,potosue,., p
2) M.nin also
'
notcs nh. drenchin8.fecr of ttrnar ima8cry in fi. ptay.r6 Thc unlrsymbotism can
4ily b.link.d to H.nde&n,s@nccpr ofln..5n@n 4 , dis$tving/$R.nir!
.scot (eru<strong>ri</strong>o) aor rdnsaomatioi (rmloinatior o<strong>rh</strong>. psrch., F.5). Expt.i.in! <strong>rh</strong>.
prcc.$ of rmnsloml<strong>ri</strong>on, Hende&n tirnhersrys.."This lr,aisrbma<strong>ri</strong>ve p@oesl is
als likel[e worl ofanatysis wh.E inncxibtcand undevctopcd so.cs oalhc
p€enlrrg iE sftn8th€ned lnd dillcEnliared, (p.52, cnphsis nine). ln vicw of

Hcndcen s Emdks, it is cay for us to imogincthcsoneningeftctoflu.tr
syntolhn on Tn.*us' hard.ocd" cndverrd atfiudc. Tlre evcnrs !r lh. dltm
lcwl do .d rolbw i p^ticrJblc p cn $ di$us*l in chercr I dd. in . uy,
.hall.ng. lhc nait 6 contrclled and govem.d by ..cool re$on," ln o!h.r wods, th.
imtioul 6p@t b.@ncs domi@nt lo compenslrc for iG suppBsion |l <strong>rh</strong>e waking
Lrcl, For cxmplc, .,!ne els:
OfallFychic phcnom.naficdrd'h prenb p.lhlps <strong>rh</strong>c trrt.n nunber ol
'lm<strong>ri</strong>onif |rcloF. Ir sMs ro por*$ r minimum of lha! togicrt coh.enoc lnd $.t
hi.d<strong>rh</strong>] ofvalue shdn bt <strong>rh</strong>c o<strong>rh</strong>er @ncna ofe'siousnc!' ud G <strong>rh</strong>.EfdE
16 tl*p€E ed urd.ls&b|..._ usurllt ! dEm is a stu8. dd d@!@ning
pmdd dlninSlidr.d by noy .tdd qurliii3,, 3ai 6 lack of toeic, qudiouu.
moBliry. uncou<strong>rh</strong> fom. od lpp.rnt i&urdiit or noen* (rarr. ,/rrjr€4 p, 3?3).
I. the dr.M-mode, evcn rn u.nmed fliry b.com.s domin.ntb appq in
4mic prqonions. This unidcn<strong>ri</strong>fi.d spi<strong>ri</strong>( is <strong>rh</strong>c send one ancr Puck to app.lr
with it .eDbiccdp.biliry rorpassinsthoush nood.nd6e"fast.r<strong>rh</strong>ln"thc
m@nssphse (ll.i,3-5). 1heima8csol.nood rnd.irc, evokc *ar€! and hcct,
and function as rlcficmic.lsymb.liro lmnsl(m <strong>rh</strong>c <strong>ri</strong>gid ind inflcxibt.n(irudc or
Th*.u!. The un.om.d l.iry exprc$.s irs str.chn.n! witi Titahi., eueen oflne
Flnie, a ifro qposc h.r dh-bou.d n"ruE. TtE f.iry ers lo puc*:
A.d I do m ftc fliry qG4
To der her otbs upon <strong>rh</strong>e erc.ni
'Ib? coslips hllhsp.Bione6 bc;
In $.n Bold o s spob yo! &.i
Tnosc b. rubi6, fairy f6wu6,
h <strong>rh</strong>e rEk|6 ti!. <strong>rh</strong>.ir sw!6:
I mNr Bo cr $n. deedop. hcr,
hss a parl in every cowtip'3 a 0r. i. 8- t 5),
^nd
ln lho lbolo r{segc. tlrc lairycreolcs o liltlc wortd ofhclbarnaruN, idcnlifyinB
TiEni. wi<strong>rh</strong> ih. efii .nd in grn.ry. Th. fairy u$t <strong>rh</strong>. imr8* of..rubics- dd
"pqrlj' for th. shap.s and colouB ol<strong>rh</strong>. tinb h.rbi in a way, cv.lua<strong>ri</strong>ns lhe .eann"
(ledinin.) in hieh lcms ofappBialion.,t <strong>rh</strong>isis.nironicjabsrHippot),lat"airy"
(ne!lin.) p.@. tor chdge; o mcsssc ror I'cr ro Erln ro c,.it ,mred-n*.r
213

In d. valdns node, Hippotrla idcn<strong>ri</strong>fiB hcelfwi<strong>rh</strong> ih. .nooni,, sp..ifi€ y wi<strong>rh</strong>
th. .@nr, a if symbotizing a fcshl, dcv.toFr, t minine pcen! aft.r her ncw
lcvcl of und.^hndiq tor cmc<strong>ri</strong>rg inlo( onirBc pmnsrship. Shoh$ycrro
pEp.E hcetf a6r <strong>rh</strong>c mo<strong>ri</strong>oing Espon<strong>ri</strong>bi|ilies. sugscsr.d by thc onh synbotis
in<strong>rh</strong>.daam-oodc- tno<strong>rh</strong>erwords.shchchangingt@m<strong>rh</strong>e*iunaf,|,h!e
(virginity/douelbn@d) into de {nh-phe (no<strong>rh</strong>.<strong>rh</strong>o.d). MoEova, in <strong>rh</strong>c eline
rodc, hcr $.sins tu.c<strong>ri</strong>on is und.wlop.d, rd lhis undcv.ropd 6!er tums inlo
s..scbrs.d imqery in lhc abov. p.sgc, Of, lha unnamed fairy, sug86lins &n
u.dilta!..i.rcd siruadon, Ep@.r <strong>rh</strong>. unekn6wtcdS.d patu of h.r !.M.atity.
Th. nd.s oath. ti(t. tonies tunher.mm <strong>rh</strong>c abow lsump<strong>ri</strong>on_Mlsrarda.cd,
P6lcblosom, Cobeb, lnd Motr! rtE nms !c ofhcrbat onejni and onc cone
fmd <strong>rh</strong>. dimll kingdom. Hcrb6 and ,ndbs, <strong>ri</strong>kc re3' !E qdh,bouid, wi<strong>rh</strong> !h.i
oo|sin<strong>rh</strong>cdarknesof<strong>rh</strong>cedh. Thcpoinrroconsid.<strong>ri</strong>sasifHippotyhwanlsto
max. n $b niAha v durjng hcr fid phsc, and hs mov.d asry frcn hcr acmiii.r
Mtoe, i,.,, hct enh-tut !-n6.o Thc dMm_6od. d6*s h.r lack down ro <strong>rh</strong>c
'tir<strong>rh</strong>," h.r fcnini.e nature. Funh.moE, !h. inag. of.dew- (wdlc, is !l$ .
fcminirc srnbol, symbotizing its ruid lnd flovina sp.cr. The fonclio ordew, s
Juns volld sox is lo w.sh away fie din sd ed on ptlnrs,d flow.B,.' r. our c.sc,
lh.'!irr" on Hippotrr's ..nower'(f.ninine p.Bna) is th. wronsry dcv.lop€d
ttitnldc to bc w.sh.d rwat by <strong>rh</strong>c fit<strong>ri</strong>d asDer ofhcr tcnininny..?
Th.linte &ni.J ,itu|labn' wi<strong>rh</strong> is teus on insed im.eery. is snothq
trnbolic strlrc$r 16 tls..d Hippotrl! wi<strong>rh</strong> <strong>rh</strong>. anh. Tfic "tul.6y,,6nl!in!
ima8a of \poned snak6 ; ,thom, h.dg.hoss.j ..rcwlsr,, ..br Ind-womsa, ..wqving
spide6;" "loisr.gged spinneBj,.dd,.btack b€ctr6" ( . ii. t,20). Thc ind€6
pbvidc Fippolyb a symbotic ourr.r to @€xp..ie.a $c initial eg6 or devetopocnr

a.w@d. Som. ofih. imas.s Etolc lo .wvins and spinniig.'and cvoke a
pc.$ tojoin ros.th4 pllts lor making a whot.. The spidcr's ..Rb,,. which evokc!
a wva.g paft.m, isofgEatsynbolicEt.va.c. hcE. A souNc quotd b.tow
tto$ lighr on th. intcgDtiE cmrs/ of*cb synbotis. Thc source Eosl
so".t li.verJu<strong>rh</strong>.3pdq h(ymb..o.cnunk,nd,noyory,ndivdurt.ATlou
h sp'ds blildins ! wb, d otr you b€r3 ddg3.d inb on.'A sDid.,/s wb miSirt
rplRnr m63r.ftd md <strong>rh</strong>c lmcnt @npk<strong>ri</strong>a o. tifc. D.rndi.s on <strong>rh</strong>. d6rs
or 0.otff. I sdd.Ie vmbotiz a no<strong>ri</strong>. n3 indiv.duat. t6n c.J]. v.ry o d
JunS r.tr @r ! e sp'dcra wb wd ! s)mbotof*fotene$duc ro iB roTl<strong>ri</strong>on
hd ed <strong>rh</strong>d <strong>rh</strong>.y hotd qtubr.nan4! ror<strong>rh</strong>.dEn., Tn. spdnbd rn*.b
miy b.Br<strong>ri</strong>ls ror rn irksnron or <strong>rh</strong>e dEn! o.MTti,r tcrding,os.dcr.c1
3s4'* md Fsuhins i1 ,e.tm8s of <strong>rh</strong>pkEn6' n.aro(, ft; sp;q md hn
ED ma, b. conqid.Ed pmfou^d Dd ginMt dEM rlmbors drd ; for Eur.r
dlund.tudin8rnda6mgc G(odai€noin3rnderkfidion tM <strong>rh</strong>.
Dmdr rmNork and inrrpt,y of if. (Dtu LoE, s.bliEJ
Tlc Erbolic dctails expl.ii.d in lhc abole p6sa8. func<strong>ri</strong>on as a n@pnoac
Enin&r ro lipFtrrn !o ron bsck ro <strong>rh</strong>. ccnrE oft r b€ing ,n Inr.gE[w <strong>ri</strong>re,
which polid.s cn.ryy ro lh. tcmininc pcuo.o.
Now *c ruh ro Oh.Dn "nd Ai<strong>rh</strong>ia ro cxptoE lh.ir compt.x syrbotic
rehtionship with <strong>rh</strong>e unconeiouslspecrs ofThe*u! and Hippotrla Espcc<strong>ri</strong>vcjy.
Ob.on ed Tir.ni! Ipp6r 6 s ndi.d 6upt. *nn <strong>rh</strong>.ir @.!cnoon oE <strong>rh</strong>.
ch.ngclins, !.d on tnc all.So<strong>ri</strong>cal tetcl, then me<strong>ri</strong>t.l srrr€ read wi<strong>rh</strong> thc @nrcntio.
shoB ihar tncy sufcr tDn ! p6,<strong>rh</strong>otoSi€t c.isist s if in 6c middtc asc. fic
unrc$rved complcx symboliad byconcn<strong>ri</strong>on ovd <strong>ri</strong>echanSclins mhcs irs hcad ldr.
inlhcnliac. ln othq wordi thc cfi.igclinB slmbolici y epitomias <strong>rh</strong>c undcvctopcd
asp.cls ofTh.s.us ond Hippolrra whici gow inrolutonomous peGonoti<strong>ri</strong>cs
(Ob!M, Tilania PucL d. linl. fai.i.t .t <strong>rh</strong>. drM l.wr_ Fo! .xmprc, ovcmd
EEr) 6npler. L r'k., eudp.Mmtir, of onetrsd hs ,6 oh pM,cut' a, of
app@hin3lif. tr 'lGinS b tif.. e,rfi isoM p€ftm or<strong>rh</strong>ir<strong>ri</strong>nc fdtinSmd
b.h.vrn8. Elch €n hrv., 'n s q). ,c om n.mory .n@d.d s<strong>rh</strong>i; ia owr Decj]n

tuduE (p6'lholo3i6l Drncd) md within i! oM n.uFl p€$my3 which w
diht.d du<strong>ri</strong>nA ilE ativit, or *p.<strong>ri</strong>cE, Elch onplex orslEp.pnolily €n
hiE iB oM l, cl.cnq od de b ir'3 si-otdmous n.tuE @ h.E <strong>rh</strong>.
f€linr lnd alit 6f inlumcin. diratiir @.ttollin! our lhoNnc fclin4 rd
(mbsiG, .6ph6k mim)
Th. und.rlined wo.ds in thc abovc quorc rcvql tldt prlchologicol complex6 rakc on
pos$iv./obs.$ivccolou6, Ob.on lnd Tihnia\ co ention ovcr <strong>rh</strong>e ohanselinc is
llsothal of posession in an obs.$ivc w.y. Puck's dce<strong>ri</strong>D<strong>ri</strong>o. of lhesituation
sugs.stsson <strong>rh</strong>ingsinilar, H.s.ysl
T hc tiru lobcrcnldon kap his rcvclr hcrc ro-nighr,
T.k h€d lhc qu@n @oc ior whnln hh rlSh<strong>ri</strong>
For Ob.6n is Daing f.ll .nd wEth,
Be.@ <strong>rh</strong>at shc h.d a nr fiodlnt tu<strong>rh</strong>
A lowly hoy, siol n iom u lidio ting
Sh. 'l.q hid s swrt ohs&tingi
And jalous Ob.on qolld ,!* <strong>rh</strong>c child
K<strong>ri</strong>gh ofnb hi., ro rle dE foBB sildj
But shq p.rfo@ wi.hhol6 rtE lo4d bo,
obw hid uin noEB ..d d*6 nii .ll joy (1. i. 13-27).
Ar dcpict {t by Puct. <strong>rh</strong>. ch.necling is !n iobiguouJ cnlily, *hon Oh.on stol€ 6on
d lndi& kins, dd Ti6ni! nui*d lnd nou<strong>ri</strong>sh.d him- Now. Ob.@ w&rs lhe child
a his rtr6dan.. Th. slitus oalhc chln8clin8 tue8*c dctt an act which hln.ns
hid. ftom th. plbli. crc, !.d I such stnbolia u unlcknowl.ds.n aJp6r ofthe
slt Accoding ro Jung th. un.ctrow lcd8.d @n Gnrs lsu.lly d isdpt meilo I
Glad@<strong>rh</strong>ipr in <strong>rh</strong>. hiddL ag.. Hc $ys:
Tn. ciTd of<strong>rh</strong>. Fy<strong>rh</strong>ologiol d.velopm.nr th.t occu6 in na<strong>ri</strong>ag. pd.6 dudng
Diddlc{gc is discuscd, hd th. rcsult.nr ch.ng! in <strong>rh</strong>. maibl €la<strong>ri</strong>onship is
onoltz.n. Pior b niddl.-o9., <strong>rh</strong>. m.<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>l Ell<strong>ri</strong>oruhlp is sovemed by biorosicsl
idpcd<strong>ri</strong>vos; ar middl. !3. <strong>rh</strong>c fo@ of <strong>rh</strong>c$ inpcdtiv* diminishs md <strong>rh</strong>. Difr6
.rc fd ro b4one <strong>rh</strong>.n$lws. Tnh tmfomarlon iitluenc.s inc psy.hologial
Elalionship of na<strong>ri</strong>ig., ino. ohangcs cour ii <strong>rh</strong>?rc]* <strong>rh</strong>n<strong>rh</strong>.prn.e6 have
pkled, ltisconsidcrcd lik lyih'nlirolfiiclioi willdcvclopdu<strong>ri</strong>ng<strong>rh</strong>k
.Ensfoma<strong>ri</strong>on poe*, siicc rlr@nfN on <strong>rh</strong>aroeohpdniesgrodh brceds rerrnss
ofdkunigrnd disonrcnt.It<strong>rh</strong>c rcil6usof<strong>rh</strong>cdif.uhy is nol rcogniz.d, e&h of
$c p0nn.6 may hold lhc oth.. rcsponsibl. for th. dilcodlenr. In addnion, thc
dificrdr ne.ds olclch pidid con tli@rc $it srovl}, p.rt d lmz DavtopneDt of
Pdtutulit, CY t1, p. 137).
221

IftcEninSly, ir the drcm-nodq Ob.on .nd Til..ir El.. ro Thcsels aid Hippotyt4
aifth.twocouplesare linked ro qch o<strong>rh</strong>.r on $ci.visibte ptanc, Adialoele
bcnren Ob.on and Ti|!.i! polidcs us ! @E Dodet i. <strong>rh</strong>is dg6rd. Tiunia s.ys 0o
wh.. $ou hd sdd .wiy lEm faj.y lsd.
Aid in <strong>rh</strong>. shap. ofco<strong>ri</strong>n !.1 .U dal
Pllying on pipe ofcom, lid v.Ri;ebE_
roaFrcrcB phrr'dB. why 'n<strong>rh</strong>di.ft.
com. fbn <strong>rh</strong>c fdh6r scpr. ot tidi!1
Bu h , ro6m<strong>rh</strong>, ittr bouncn! A nobn.
Your burlin,d hic hd eEid tov.,
To TIE B frun b€ wnd.d. ,nd you 6mc
To girc dEn b.djoy dd prlsp.<strong>ri</strong>iy
And O6.on rnMu back:
How crGr tio! <strong>rh</strong>6 for shimc, nuniq
Gllnc.or nycEdir snh Hippotto,
Knosing I knoq |n] tov. ro Thk6?
Dldr <strong>rh</strong>ou nor lad hrm <strong>rh</strong>ough th.g,mneirru n,gh(
Fod r6Eouna, whom he Evieh.d?
And n*. him wi<strong>rh</strong> f<strong>ri</strong>. A.AL5 bMl his f,irfi.
wi<strong>rh</strong> /1<strong>ri</strong>qtnc, ! ^n<strong>ri</strong>oF(t. i.6{-30)
In lnc .bowjuoi.d diolosua Tir.ni. r.d Ob.dn btam. .ach othcr tor <strong>rh</strong>cn past
adrdrurr wi|h Tncseus rnd H ippotyl. Esp€clivety. Tib.ia says <strong>rh</strong>d Ob.mn h6
b...iilov.wi<strong>rh</strong>Hippotleinhisyouthaid,@untcFbt.n.shc<strong>ri</strong>naoorct unting
fahion, O&b. sys <strong>rh</strong>d Hippolrr hos noronty ben in tovc wnh Tn.$$ bul atso
hclDd hio an hh qmdizitrg divni6, Tl s {<strong>ri</strong>.logk givc us ctur tula€slions 16r
im.giling th. old..'slrcs. ofTtr.ec lnd Hippolt i <strong>rh</strong>c &tivi<strong>ri</strong>$ of <strong>rh</strong>.ir routh
whdn <strong>rh</strong>.y erucrncryi'rg tom rtBiotd$$tvuJidcntiiic* <strong>rh</strong>o pl<strong>ri</strong>od ot.
adol.$.ncc-roungste6 likc Lyendf. Hcmio, D.mcdiuslnd H.tcn!_who pa$
thDugh ihc dniol srage ofchoosing p!n..E, shitiing tiom o.c pann.r lo anoftr li
thci srl.ocnt i. lh.n liv6. Though thc dclm-nodq -th6cus lnd ltippotyb nor
only's <strong>rh</strong>. contcnrs of<strong>rh</strong>en p€Mnat u.con*iolso bur al$ cncolmo wnh $cn
t22

Fon lnc ihag. oa Anliopa" en.rg. two vedions ofthe AmeoniM Qu..n,
Hippobla md Anliopa, *hile i. oih4 vcFions ofih. story Hippol/! dd Antiop!
EEr 1o <strong>rh</strong>. sc ,iguE.i' nbni. uss $c im!g6 of "6uskin'd min6" rnd
't*!<strong>ri</strong>or lM" for Hippolt{r- Th. v.lb "buskined" is tom buskitu, 't6ng b@ts of
hunlds, ed 6 such .!g8en a medin p.en4 Rdd wi<strong>rh</strong> ,'wd<strong>ri</strong>or" (cvoking
.g8Bio\ doninltio., dism.ftb.mcn( viol.nce a<strong>rh</strong>cL, @nrDl), the inagc t 16
on r sfong oldr, pointing to lhc "nrslliniad,'Day .tik<strong>ri</strong>rcd, p.Md oa
Hippolrtaatthc.xpcise otEpEsinS dc f.oinine pop.nics olh..pesn!. Th.
frpGs.d f€mininity ns inro Tilania ai thc dred levcl,
Thc in.g. of "dmic disiLt.d.picLd by-<strong>ri</strong>lsi. in hcr long srsh
povid.s ur . gnphic dt t<strong>ri</strong>@ of <strong>rh</strong>. s. rnde 1ir.<strong>ri</strong>. err:
rne !rc <strong>rh</strong>. fol3.<strong>ri</strong>6 ofjatouq:
And ncvq, sino., th. niddld su6md sp<strong>ri</strong>4,
Me. k on hill, i. dal.. foftst or h.0d.
By p6vd folnbin, or by dhy bool(
O. ir dE brehd frr4iD of <strong>rh</strong>. e.,
To da* ou. dngl6 ro dF yhktti.g eind,
Bu wi<strong>rh</strong>t bn*b ds hd difr6 d ou spo(
1'bdfG the yi.ds, pipins to 6 in hir.
As in Evmg., hrw suok d !p fom <strong>rh</strong>. so
Conbgious fo8q *hich, lalline in <strong>rh</strong>. tand,
Haln cvd-y polting iivcr rdc so pbud
Tnd $cy h!rc Mlhomc fi.n 6n ncia:
Tn. ox b.<strong>rh</strong> dFlfm 3Mh d hjs }!k in hin,
'IrE pldgh nln lo$ his su! .nd <strong>rh</strong>. gEn 6m
Hdfi 6n d d hit yodh eind ! bad:
Tte fold slhd! .mpty in d'. drcsn.d U.td ,
And cw! e 6ncd si6 tn mlion n@k;
Tne ninc ncnt monk k lill d wi<strong>rh</strong> up wiln nud,
And rl'o quinr mred in <strong>rh</strong>c winron 8r€n
Fo. hct of rod @ undtu6nguish$t..
Thc buu modls 9Ur lhc {ind h.R:
No nighr k .a *i<strong>rh</strong> him or @mt tt6r:
Tn@foE ihc mM, <strong>rh</strong>c eoqn* ol fioods
Pal. in h.r r8.r. s6h6 all <strong>rh</strong>. .n,
Thar <strong>rh</strong>.uml<strong>ri</strong>c dkces do obound:
And thobu8h !1is distmp€durc *. $.
'nrc s6ons ill.r: horry-h..dcd fions
F.ll in ilr fBh hD of Ihe oie! ffi,
and old Hi.ru $in fd ic' @m
An odofu chlPld of 3yE! sunm{ b!d3
llt a in mek.rt e! <strong>rh</strong>e spdn3, <strong>rh</strong>.3!mm.r,

Th..childin8tM. ingy <strong>ri</strong>nk, ch4g.
I n.tr wrd r'.n.s, hd rtu m*d $ortd,
By th.ir inc@e, now know.n nor whtch is *6icn.
Ard thi3 s. psgeny of dils
Ftem our dlbdei non our dtssioi;
Wc e ih.ir p6@rs ed odsind ( , i. B r-t l7).
Bcf@ omnd<strong>ri</strong>ns on th. p!$8c, onc tholtd ba, in hind <strong>rh</strong>c Junsje .ppoact io
ahcrype 4d th. wy ihet tunc<strong>ri</strong>on. AndEw Sduets sy\:
For <strong>rh</strong>os <strong>rh</strong>o @m. itu colkr sio| dEh.rypat imag.r). o-. .th.nr sbds oLr.
rr. mdrvrd@ €rt iCrjpp.d byiKh.9Trt exD.<strong>ri</strong>*c. rnd im!8.ry: nbcoBious
m.rxplnoG mdf,itud.t mry counr for rdL6rn8 6 <strong>rh</strong>.) !E sw.pr !qs) by pF
suqcnk *h.ma. junc one iid <strong>rh</strong>d ,rn iEhcape! N, 30 b 5p.4 .rre mh'
mh rpp.l 6 n B. and rf *iin $. parne or <strong>ri</strong>ma d.t rd no$:li, b.sL $.y sis
DmDmB Dd ups *ertdlitrB O.44,.mphaisnine)
TiIlIh! lou sp@h h.ciE wi<strong>rh</strong> <strong>rh</strong>. !opi. of ..jdtou9," which i, ! mgl<strong>ri</strong>v.
do<strong>ri</strong>6, dd @n<strong>ri</strong>n!6 th@gh .!rv.ng.," cornr..@dion, ,nd onctudcs wnn
''dbqsion." Ercn 6 cuuory loot at thc pses. b,ings 10 tishr . vhurly
illustmhblc plcturc of ..€nviDnm.nrat dcgEddtion,.. Thc imrgc of imbrtane,
dispDp6nior, md disordd giK <strong>rh</strong>c ihpresim s if<strong>rh</strong>e noth.r qih j, esry, lnd is
moving an ! Ev@ ilir<strong>ri</strong>o. This @dl of s.en, is a ti.d of sFborjc cbun l
oftlE icy crcwn" of<strong>rh</strong>. oscutinc p.Ron. <strong>rh</strong>.t Hippotyr! w.4 ar .h. @st ot
EpFsshg tuf hatenol l|amlh, thc Inr.gdtiv. hear on Hippotlr.\ pan, <strong>rh</strong>c tos of
i.lcgntiv. hdt at fi. wa&ing lcv.t, cn.n8.r into sMnll anrohy, lnd Socs out of
iE t ed Ihq o@ disnn6&e .r lhc gtob.t rat. The im!8!s of.,iill" "date,,, ..
forB!" 5ra4"'gen cd," "suhn.r budr" !d "nud' e pr,t, of <strong>rh</strong>c dtt:
h.rcc, dE noth.r srf,bolis. All <strong>rh</strong>* im4* .voke Es! p.ssiviry, stsis, !r.jt ncs
chancl. zing lh. '!anhi' as w. cxp.i.ncc i 6
Mouer dc$.ibes 6e siJanbotic onn6<strong>ri</strong>on bctwEn r.nininity lnd n.iurc, ed
h.lp5 q uddIlnd rlic poinr udcr dbcusion, Shc els:
Ur. a!@. n.k ir dMR- ch!trS{btq fiudut, md bautrfut in tuhryty
wirbl. {F wo'4 dFErN<strong>ri</strong>ghrt, f..t o kiBhip ,rd p.daBh,p wi<strong>rh</strong> nare,
@B hh hy ,rld nitoR G f.niniE C.nqquenrty, 6 . elM b.con€
224

milidui<strong>rh</strong> <strong>rh</strong>. lllrdrr pan.ms, rd trars of ndR, sF. ,te teams abour hfioM
iami.iiit ud $. femin<strong>ri</strong>ryofotd rcmen mund h.r. N.ruE i!, n I smsc
r.hiiini9 apeed in gg.n<strong>ri</strong>c. .kfldbrt. and i,pcMmt wr),!. In 'o.o or
fl6h Dd bkE4 d< fmin'nity of ndE E ml dinini$cdi E<strong>rh</strong>.i ir b <strong>ri</strong>hBifi.d sd
m@ pc|sl by posion of <strong>rh</strong>. in.g. olc.d. Ut. r t.n, a mmu ta6 Dd
@|6616 m. f.mininiry oI <strong>rh</strong>. onh, b hidtishl tn. fdg .,ry, ftoilfdn4 tai,h,
o0 oaury tur k Li. ha 'wk! ot r feni<strong>ri</strong>niry ( Mou*r w.b$r.).
Watfi is on of<strong>rh</strong>c fundadcntars of n.tue, ndtdns thFc founh ofthe ccrth,
sttbolizi.Sd. doninlneordc l<strong>ri</strong>na in md, dddjc p.en! of m@.r w .r
ha dE pordtill ro rlt th@ distin r fom3, tuid. $tid, !.d Sascour. The p€sSc
.bounds in utcr im.gcry- fotrnhi., brcoks, <strong>ri</strong>v.r. se4 fog5_ano sug€!$s lhc
crlic prneh of nltuE, whjoh is rcminindinie8lativdomcdic jn i6 sugs6tion_
smdhing th.r Hippotrl! eiv6 up for thc m@utindtino.l,rgic ..msk,,, Th€
disrurba@ in Ih! cyclic pdr&m is rt$ mnwyd ro c <strong>rh</strong>ou3. h. ,nvce
lppelme of tlc four sqso.s. It is th. crllic pifim <strong>rh</strong>al k rcsponsibte fo! ltE
Ego.d<strong>ri</strong>ve prcccs*! ar thc orSdic o.d inorglnic l.vch, tn thc .bov. 3p6h, thc
inrgc of "dd.i ng in <strong>ri</strong>Dgl.Lj" f! lth.r .vok 5 ciEu ls p!fi.ns, ed suggcsrs ite urgc
for q6oLnc, Conor.y b iq <strong>rh</strong>. tind p.ico is tikc ! oFway r,!rrc.
T1| in.g.s of ,,ox<strong>ri</strong>Uingthcdnh withouranyou!pur,! and th..fam.tsvain
l.bour, 4Tiianio sys, hightightlhe disnsion bdween lh. nascuti,e(oxfam€r)
ed fchhinc dcrgi.s (@rth). -n. Ebv! Donio suggcsr5 a <strong>ri</strong>plnne ,ictuq inc
6md, dE o! od tllc ar.h. Th. "ox,' is melline d.r$/ go!.md by . guiding
p<strong>ri</strong>ncipl. (fmd) md mlkes a prcductiv. inles.<strong>ri</strong>on with thc .anb (feminin€Fa
md 5 0njn4 a woman\ noihc<strong>ri</strong>nEspccr. lr isElevanliomcn<strong>ri</strong>onheefiol<strong>rh</strong>e
"bull" is o imlgc of "syzygirt natoc," link d to ! chain ofsymbotisn, Tsk.r
dns oE.tldtion ro lhis .sp*r of ihc srmbot. She ers:
T\cbutthbr4hd Dio@rn<strong>rh</strong>."o dofsymbotinrn<strong>rh</strong>r<strong>rh</strong>.Ibo<strong>rh</strong>,sttrmd
a runds.aruE Hij m' - r.nitiry. -i! [.D hnpffi..r, lnd his,ote s rarneror
h. h.d rlx.h n ln. macu n. sun.god iD my cu 6. Juq6 <strong>rh</strong>e tion r 6. kidr
sd rm! orth. b6a of 6. rocr, <strong>rh</strong>. bul I <strong>rh</strong>e t.n8 of <strong>rh</strong>. fam d,d $r
pcMntrsnon or bruhsbcngh bd

populr sFbols of lilc lnd qur.cdon. Ite brlh cF$e shdpcd hons link hin to
moon.woBiip md symbolkn al<strong>rh</strong>ough, in ene Ga, <strong>rh</strong>c aun is ! bull while do
m@r 43.6v. sin, <strong>rh</strong>. nmn-god ofrnci.nr Ur, ea onci piduad a abull
In Tihia prs,gc quor.d dlic., <strong>rh</strong>. hpdduc<strong>ri</strong>ve inr.Blion b.reen in. rwo ltp.s
of€nersi.s r.sllB in untimcly erenls and imm.tuE ctops, 'toning b.foE <strong>ri</strong>p.nirg."
Tne i

f.miniic $lr, which slc_EtiE{olrd isnorcs, ind do.s ior dcvclop in <strong>rh</strong>. fi6r phase
of hdlifc,x Tn.th.hc rdkcaon a pomin.nr @tourqhcn TiraDicdcscdbdher
r<strong>ri</strong>.ndship*ilh a "nonal" womin whcn shc.!wij'jn Indi!. HcrcTitaniaaho
ocntions thc d.alh ofher!moml.'f<strong>ri</strong>.nd {.s ifshc his.,kitl.d" <strong>rh</strong>e womln wilhin her
long befoE lh! Itoperty could low into . '.oothelindf.ninin." pcisona), which k
$anbolic oflhe finininc p6p.rq ihar Emoin undcvctopcd in hci Sh. ersr
'Inc fliry ldd buy! mr $c chitd of nc.
Hk mor'is yG a vobe$ of my ordnl
A.d, in ln. spied lrdian air, by ni8hi,
FUU on n hdh shc goBiD d bt my sidci
And d siih Dc on Ncplunct y.llow $<strong>ri</strong>s,
MdLiryln.mblk d rd66 dic n@d:
whcn w. hiv. hugh d ro G <strong>rh</strong>c siL @n€iw
And 3rcy big-b.llicd si<strong>rh</strong> (tc w!.roi windl
S,licfi shc. *ilh pftr9 hd 3<strong>ri</strong>nniiS g'ir
A! r6h ! rctrgc, <strong>ri</strong>ch *;<strong>rh</strong> erchrndi$
Bd $c h.i.g modl ofdrd boy did di.;
l'd fo. h.r ek I do E up h6 bon
andfdtqrt lwi norp.n*i6l<strong>ri</strong>m0t.i, 123-13?).
In ihc .boE D6ssac, Tir&i! r{p$a e .xF ide of h..si po<strong>ri</strong>iv.tt i

!I, mmot or ! polc b. !hii.d, d r m pdit ne bEd our. e inwrdl, w tiva
m , w! -ic d M' mnor sdr<strong>ri</strong>m rmitr mry Fr, atb.ir in <strong>rh</strong>. fom of
h rq M no t6 du8@c lnd unhs@rnl, fd <strong>rh</strong>d F<strong>ri</strong>tuE io dlpl b ihs
rnd hdd is ! n.Stigcnedbitin8juj 6siou(conqkness is tue s
'n.Ciiud. in $.ourcr wortd (7\ro Ejrq,,Cvj o 2O4t
On. end ofTitania! symbotic .oht'.uun
a$.ch.d ro Hipporyr!\ dorkljde
's
whilc <strong>rh</strong>. 0o Thesuc psyohic b.ckgbund !s his onina,z rn olh.r word!, Tiranic is
Hippoltllt snadow but Th4cus. ..in!, Ttough thc sybborc dcount r wirn
Ti6nii, fte6 dclE ilro <strong>rh</strong>c eh.typ.t b&tsDhd for @ming io rcm, *iln thc
.nin., Ttc uima ..dishldcG ,ou. horG, sdlnize our a<strong>ri</strong>rud.. ud @sth.tia orr
El.lionshiF if pbFrly m@ecd. wllar piD6 ,rs lbout $. ,ciliv. sd
co.ntuctiv. sidc ofdlc .oin. 3uiubly rpptiB to Th*ui posnion. Hc sys, .,Thc
fcdinin. si

opDosiB r,lnboha .Ery @M*!bt. p.i, of oppcircs <strong>rh</strong>.r m., @E hd sd
@rd, r9r |tn dlrL mnh .nd sdh, d,t Dd ibrp, Bo.d $d b!d, tur6 ,d
@t a(pty.hotos, dd 1 .hdr,cty t\ p.tEz).
I quooc Ob.on rsain to expt"in furth.. ih. points und* consid.Elioi, Hc s's lo
Hou *st $6u $a lor shbc Tiart.
Gbe!r my cEdn sifi H,pDoty4
KrNinS I kre dry tov. io TlBu?
Didr $ou nor tad hin <strong>rh</strong>mush <strong>rh</strong>. gtimm.nns nigh<strong>ri</strong>
And nrl. hiD wi<strong>rh</strong> &n A.st6 bEl htr fci<strong>rh</strong>.
wi<strong>rh</strong> Ai!d^., 'nd An ops( . i.6..t0)
Ob€rcr cv..ls th.t Hippotlr, k not <strong>rh</strong>c tnn o.e on Thcseus, tisl b rndr tneE h.vc
b.tn |hE o<strong>rh</strong>6 with whom n hs b€r in illicit Etalioahip ,nd, in a My, .xpoe,
his lr ck @d a roBlly wat !d sidlty um@pi!bt.. His @d 3hos th.t h.
ha not lcn in lorc with rny oflhcmi blr h6 ben usinglh.n s 6r8eilo<strong>rh</strong>is tue,
LUn is lne sh.dos of low, cor.o<strong>ri</strong>n! us. of powr for subjuga<strong>ri</strong>ng r henb.r or tnc
opDcilr scx, Kaping in vis lhc smc poin! M.Et tul c<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>cia tn. sD$izing
t$et orTheus p.tunaliry. Th. c<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>c sy: .Th. ptay op.n, efi . nvjshncnr
dissuisdudcrth.obtiqu. @urr.st" (p.t65). Bad.haw rtso hotdr a simih vi.w
ThB6 rfus b omkDre r\c \'mng. ,rd \usp.d juds-lnr_<strong>ri</strong>r. $e ndi@,
rrcptHr hd po'd *hm 4tuin9 ir unrtumbt... h. h! disuEd or .d.d
uhErrsm! im<strong>ri</strong>oEtjn hir oq.rFi.n<strong>ri</strong>i aprunry &d @ing
drppory4on In h6 EbrbBhip <strong>ri</strong>rbTibni! <strong>rh</strong>. "niahf.-H.ppotld
uMnowsgd n.nqi6, in<strong>ri</strong>on.t imputs md Daiotu lurcmd ind p6
upontf. rrbonoBlrcl6Edknt.h.n(o<strong>rh</strong>hl6on,ht.,c"wed"t<strong>rh</strong>ch
suNun&adcns(p.43).
BEdshrw'slcrm forTilani4 ihe.,nighGHippotll!, suggcsts thc onimd i. Thesus in
dl its Gpccre ftm I Junsie pc6p.clirc. Foo thc oprosir. diEclion, Ob€rcn,
bcing ! mal. figla, EpsdB !n. dlrldshldow sidc ofTheeur' pcMnllity. This
cluc @md ftoh Ob.Dn's .swia<strong>ri</strong>on wilh @untry tifc, which is cxpticirly tnrcd lo
th. b&lw&d/undcv.loped pais ol! humtu populotion, The im.8. of,<strong>rh</strong>ephdd,"
229

.coa o<strong>rh</strong>is 6nn@lion wi<strong>rh</strong> dim.b Ocne ucivitird) ats .vok s ocg.liv.
aociations. Ob.ron's picrurc, !s a plsloal figur Gh.ptErd), ,mbolias Th.s.us,
p.Mal b&kebund a a youit dploi<strong>ri</strong>rg young gnb lkc Acgte ald peigouna, It is
. nadngtul @iftid.ne <strong>rh</strong>at Cid.\ Tfi@s oFnty admiB his wqtnar!, and $yi
"Bur witn eoncn, !r one my tu nglh.nd *.rtoss, I llways had tc, bcgin.8ain. I
did not eeape fom orc, ontylo fa iiro<strong>rh</strong>c laporem. o<strong>rh</strong>er; nordid r conquc, a
mhe who h&d .oi fiBi mqeEn n." (r,5 t ).
Th. iro.ic sp.cl @n.s b lin.tight xdd wc l@k ar thc dcrE aron <strong>rh</strong>.
followinsangl.: Th.s.us forgcL3 his youdtut exp.<strong>ri</strong>enc* whitc dating*ilh th. clse
of Ly$ndd/H.mh. His d4ision is beFd upon his pcsona ot!, adoinktEtor of
A|ndiro dlai6, .ot rs . hun&n .td.r rsting . youq., hufran, a pbbt€d which h.
hins.lffaces in hir rlulh_ Innsd, h..doptsan o$rc$iv. anihde, suppEsscs
Hcnilt voi@ ro scn her bidr .ighr_ Ob.on's..ftlt of,dlh,, picturc, 6 drlqn by
Pucls turtlErnsi|:srs ObeEn\ rtrbotjc shrd. s Ttu*ui shldow. h tn.dtls-
mod., w 6Dd ! ntuingirl atlBion io Th.eu, bard ,ftitud. lowd H.mi!,
Addrcsing Botion, Tildnia eys, ,.fic noon n.<strong>rh</strong>i.ks, looks with . *arcry cy./And
whd th. @ps, @ps .v.ry tifib n@cr[fl...ing $mc enfoD€d chs<strong>ri</strong>ty,, 0r. i.
188-190). In rn. lboE q@ic, thc in.gc of-Ro@,.,srnbotjzins d. @wty .m.Ecd
f.minine pmn., .\,c.ps ro ldcnr Ttcsui wding !o H.mia for sdding h.r b a
n!m.ry.' Thc fluidity ol tutu symbolisn @uplcd wnh thlr of.,weepins nowd'
ftnction s a e.snizine .ndB/ tor encning Th*us, h.6h a.d Fi,ificd F6o6 6
Ob@n, .s Th.sds' snado[ is Hippolrt s anjnus, And d such he
EpF$na rn dhcryprt neutinc in Eippottta,s psrlhic 6&&grcud. This lsper
is orcd*lop.n i. HipFtyb od is synbotiz.d b, hq "m$culinizd" poshjo in
?10

.ing lhc lddd of vuiotssmcn. Sh. nls io sn d ot<strong>rh</strong>d .rllchmcnt io th.
m.glinc p.Mn. b.foF nlding into I mdibl p.in 6hip wilh The$us. Th.
$ffidr oflb. .hMgcling boy on hcr prn !o Obebn t ! symbotic genua oward
<strong>rh</strong>. .boH.o<strong>ri</strong>d.d tr.mfomalion. In thc drsn-mod.l <strong>rh</strong>c 6F.t @nt n<strong>ri</strong>on
b.irc.. Obcon ind Tibnia is th. suftnd.r on Tiluaat paft for cnMsin8 hd olc
into a lemi<strong>ri</strong>nc o.c. Aft€r lhis surcndcr. <strong>rh</strong>c connict is Esotved, and theE.E
poiitiw .hog6 in Th.es od Hitpolrl! .Rcr en@unt <strong>ri</strong>ng <strong>rh</strong>eir shrdow-figlFs
lnd ..dct)"!l 'elv.s." Tn followjn! figld illusraks ny point:
FtglE JJ
Thc lbove fisuE illlsratcs th. forfold slructuE ofrcl.lionships ofthc iwo najor
ch@lcs ed th. .rchcgpal fisuB, Th. verlial tinc! su886t ilre dcvetopm.nt of
HipFltr! .nd Th.$s ir th. fir$ phe of lh.ir ti6. Th. shod tin6 .t <strong>rh</strong>. <strong>ri</strong>ps of
fic v.niol lin6 point ro <strong>rh</strong>e linitcd pGMs <strong>rh</strong>ey d.v.top du<strong>ri</strong>ng <strong>rh</strong>ar ph.*. Du<strong>ri</strong>ng
th. fi6t phase m.ny inport3nt paa! ofttDir psychio sysL6 rem<strong>ri</strong>n repE$cd, shoM
by dE bh.k ci@16 pl&d .r ih. lNr -ds ofth. vcniql tin.s. Th. hdianirt Un6
htE Hippolrr &d Th.$us at <strong>rh</strong>. <strong>ri</strong>Shr cnds *ilh <strong>ri</strong>. Nh.rtp.l figuEs d tn.
oppo5iL 0.6. Thc ho<strong>ri</strong>&nral d* poirr ro theF.wdof<strong>rh</strong>.irencrgicsdu<strong>ri</strong>ng<strong>rh</strong>c
*ond phe fro tlc opposii. dift.lid. In folt(-6t4, Ob.bn gmlduy opp.!ts s
. dmrl . typiel shrdow-fieuq sugg6<strong>ri</strong>ne lnq und*top.d cFcc ofoncs
231

pd$mlirr, Sidswjck povid.r 6 <strong>rh</strong>c tolwine infomdion .bo!r thc o,i8in of<strong>rh</strong>c
Ob€bn ir lho Enllish ronslirlEtio, oftho FEnch Aubcon i. lhe enho. ofHuon
ofBodaq, dd aub4 k pobrbty m.Ety <strong>rh</strong>. FElch @unblpon of Atb. ch m
arbndr ! dEf @ing in <strong>rh</strong>. ctu Nib.t!n35tr.d ud oos Nrt s.
symoroadryr rb6 n amDoed of ltb ..||od<strong>ri</strong>ch ung Th.'M. ob6n
.pfaE fid ii Eryfieh I'b@n in rrd Bffi hBts<strong>ri</strong>d of Hu of Bodqu
Ia .r5r4), hd !n fldd! in sp.ns l2zl ud in Rob.n Gc{! ptry Jim6 tV,
w\is wa-!.r.d in I

nE childish b.hlviolr oftuck is linkcd lo <strong>rh</strong>e undcvclopcd spcct or <strong>rh</strong>e <strong>ri</strong>rting
turc<strong>ri</strong>on h Th.ss This fa.ulq Eo.ins Epllsd in h j:1, dt.inins
!.kn@l.d8dcrl {htuush puck .nd hn !.to@d b€haviour about woften.'r
Th.sut in.pprcp<strong>ri</strong>ar letnent of Hippoty|! bd H.m ia cm.nales ,om lhe darkcr
8Fct ofhis pcEo.atity, srppE$lo. ofthe feetins faculry. rn thc dtu,modq <strong>rh</strong>c
sc $ppBion .pp.!6 s plcL eh@ cnitish .d Licky pattch, of b€having
tmbolically mdifcsts ihe Eprcsd condilion or<strong>rh</strong>c sm. ftcutty in Th.s.us,
Puck's pGnion rs .ten4f,to Obcron 8i!6 us fudrcr ctu. lo inl.rpEt nis sFbolic
shldc a EpGr.d feti.g. Hb -shyrcst' fron d.rtnc$ is aioh.r cruc to mc cff.ct
$aI ln. Gcling func<strong>ri</strong>on mains !.diticE.<strong>ri</strong>d.d in Tha.us. Thc un_nded f.iry
I miiblc your sh!p. and mikiigquiE,
urci*you arc <strong>rh</strong>d shRd a.d kns\ kh sDnE
C.tl d Robtn cNd feloe, e vou nd h;
Ihrr fr'slE <strong>rh</strong>c mtu:deE ol $. ;ilmM
skin ni ( hd edin. hbou in ih.;u.n .
tud b@rt6 m'ta <strong>rh</strong>. bElrrd hoMf. chun:
and $n. <strong>ri</strong>m. m.te $. ddil b bar no bh:
Mistad ntahrqndeB. t&Shir3ar 'h.n h!;1rrr i t?-l9J
h the abovc possag. Puck is depi.tcd,s !i etusile fisur., a rypc of fl uctuating
€odg'i functioni4 likelh.etrcl<strong>ri</strong>..tposer in mycounrry. Thc ctusiwncs nlkcs
Ark t DtrGdoq dd obslE ngud, tit ro syDholia i EpGs.d @nte,t oflhc
psychq which Eluchnrty his ic hdd for.cknowl.dgn.nr, plck is tink d ro
ni$hieIa.d childish poitcns otbchaving, whioh e apr !o su8gesl <strong>rh</strong>c
rrmarurrundw.topcn aspet ofThcs.ut fcti.8 function. puct is dle li.ted to thc
€unby gnk, rFbotizinS brct*.rdne, slppB€d ro ! n.r8,nal condnion. Tnc
sup.dnoE b.li.& s$i.Ld wj{j him flnher add lo his archaic ed pnmjlir.
.aruft, o lypica | 5 itla<strong>ri</strong>on descibed ii Jungion slldies for <strong>rh</strong>c repressed conrenls.r
Thejok€s sc<strong>ri</strong>bcd lo P.ot, s.distic. y .njoyi.C thc f<strong>ri</strong>ghr of vijt!s. sirls Md
2tl

sofr.tl. dplicitly d&ifesrs qhlt von Fdnz cxplsins 6 d.s.ndct ol$. flcli.g
tv.<strong>ri</strong>6U"inu @d 1"itu, p,Xg). Th. ida hs its tink to Puck !r...$*bl" ro
Oh.on (h@ a thi.kins/ki.8), as his inf.<strong>ri</strong>or fun tioon
Another fqturc oflh. inf€<strong>ri</strong>or typ. is <strong>rh</strong>at it funolions as an iutonomous
. ility, .m.rgi ng du<strong>ri</strong>ns d@6s, a "n ighrwandcc/, tite Puok. puc kt .,higic" ro
tun Bottom into e *ai is a symbolic gcnua of such bnody in lhc dEam-modc.
In othd vods, thc FpE$.d feling func<strong>ri</strong>on ofTh@s, maka iB.lf i.t <strong>rh</strong>Dugn
thb s.distic ryF orjokc. !n anolhcr spc.ch. P{ci nyr io <strong>rh</strong>c un,nah.d t iry:
Fdry. diou sps*tr ai8ht
I m <strong>rh</strong>ar nqry mnd.d of<strong>rh</strong>. ni3hr.
I j6r to ob.6n. and nd.c him $ih
who I r f.r 'nd b€m-f.d hoFe b.tuita
Ncishiry i. likene$ of ! fi l!"foot,
Andsndihc Inrk r in a8o$ipt bowt,
ln r !€ry likends of i eEd cEbl
and, whd she dd.ks, agains h.r tiDs I bob
ADd on hs wir,rcr'd dcwlD @ur <strong>rh</strong>. .l?,
IrF eisl .hr, r.ltins 6.;&.!r bt..
som.<strong>ri</strong>n. for d'@f@t sr&t misbL<strong>rh</strong> n :
Thcn dip I f6m hd bu, doq ropptB dE,
Ard .Lilr' eiq md fath inro . eu3h;
Atrd <strong>rh</strong>d <strong>rh</strong>e *holc quh hotd <strong>rh</strong>.ir htp3 bd tofTi
and *fla in <strong>rh</strong>€t minn. ard n..& 0u sw
A ndi.r hour w n*cr lred rn.€.
But. rconl f.iryt HeE con6 Ob.rcr (ll. i. a2,78),
In lh. abov. passaeq Puck indulgss in ,.c.rnivatcsque,, inasefy,,as ifTh.euJ
(@l rcaon" k backfi.it, rumingupsid. down lh. *ortd oflav. tcS.tt.n
plll<strong>ri</strong>bility, dliomhy, s.netio..t ccnlinrr, Th. pocurc orgdviry lnd s.iousn.s,
ldoptcd by Thdur at <strong>rh</strong>c wlking tcwt whita slppE$ins dcmia hldlg his
fiucac, hd l*runng on "c6t @n," is rorllly our of son with pucl's qhiml
b.h.viour d d.picred in th. p$$g. quol.d aborc, puck s inrg.,y feus6 on
.vokinS hughtcr our ofgrcss lypc otr<strong>ri</strong>ck.ry, nonjoly dqtinc hct ofr.fin.d
fcclin! in Th6e!s. Thc th.mcolold womcn wirt w<strong>ri</strong>nkted facss lno grorsquc
figuEs rchics to lhe ncE <strong>ri</strong>vc sidc oftnc anihd ,isuE, inae.d by Thcses in thc

.g'nning ar!.xploit tiv. widow., ,.wiih.<strong>ri</strong>ng nuns, ond H.mra a!...tdm in
wq" (1, i. 4-5i t; 49), Th. gos but gEphic picr!& hs its synbotic significs@
foh ! Jun8ie D6pective_ For inrt$e, hc sls:
Tt. dm h otun Gupicd 4p.mrt, rry si y ddits. <strong>rh</strong>6 pnduc;ig tu
rmp<strong>ri</strong>on or'bsu<strong>ri</strong>ry. or .ts. ir i! on <strong>rh</strong>. erfie e uninr|h,ibb s to-taE 6
obEu8hl' b.qld...d. t{me w jqF hiv. b oE@m. ! cdh EM@
uDugr td'at,wod- a4 r |ar k Fnek @ ir inhcar wb otmcming *.
nio ou*p6 d€p ir <strong>rh</strong>. dtuq! ,cEr, hd diM\ er wi<strong>rh</strong> sonkhment du d
.pp6lryquik q*t.$ddn I i, <strong>rh</strong>. hi8fien deg4 jgr fienr, rnd <strong>rh</strong>d in
Erry tr 5p4 onry or impond 8d *nour mon6 r /\ o a,.,).<strong>ri</strong> cr4. 2!,
56 in thc light ofrunst Fnaft5, ihc .ont nr oftr passec poinli lo <strong>rh</strong>c
@dplid of (6 iD Trl*c, f&utry oa fctins is mirfinns. Thc misfi<strong>ri</strong>ng h6 irs
o<strong>ri</strong>si. in iis nonotlcisic .ftindc bw.d rt)c thinkins ftnclion, dsins n
.,ncishk
ro
,
bul at lhc 6st of .tc-gMmihs <strong>rh</strong>c focting jide. For <strong>rh</strong>. emc rcason, <strong>rh</strong>. fecling
sidc tate on a p<strong>ri</strong>mitive cotou. in thc bn ofpuck, c&adng ! coEcom'|ex In
11)Ms' psych. for @n$.ltad.8 a ncg6tiv. acrg/ mund ir. R.poniDg hisjokc ro
ObcF , Puct bchlE .oi onty s !n durononoG @mplcx bu dso e|.har6 thc
s.r.<strong>ri</strong>on tunc<strong>ri</strong>on jr d iFnic My. rn a to,g sp.ah, puck Eporr! ro ohhn, &d
My nl*s wnh r no.n r is in toh.
N.r 1o he closc sd oecdrod bowi
\/l!ih <strong>rh</strong>! E in her dul 0d Jhr i.ur.
A ccq or p.rchq nd. mehlt<strong>ri</strong>.itr-
Tllr sr* for bBd @n A6.iju lblr.
w@ droldherb Eh.e. Dtrt
Inrddcd forrdThe6. n@lidt d!v,
Tn. $dto|d ihi(k-skin ot <strong>rh</strong>i' bh; sd
\t<strong>rh</strong>o Pymus Ptsmrd i. ftn jDon
FoMok hb sene ud .m€ld r b;!c.
wll.n I did hin ar ftis odvonrrg. bk.,
Ai a 3 no*t r li:ed on hk h.rd
And lonh my himick am4, Wh.n <strong>rh</strong>c, hin spr,
as wrd g4 0L1 rrr. @piry towt.r.r!,
ur tur-plE chougrl! mmy i. ..n
Rtuing .nd 6ying d rfi. gh ! Epor!.
!e UrGrK. '.d ndt, @p <strong>rh</strong>. 3hn
so, { tu s'thl lky hG fdbB ny,
Atu, il oB snp, b* o .r.nd o s ona &jki
215

H. mrdq ci.., ed h.lD fd Aih.B 6th.
Th.n m dl6 €\ t6t ui<strong>rh</strong> <strong>rh</strong>.n f4 <strong>rh</strong>u tunr
Mad. sd6 <strong>rh</strong>ing bqin b do $h hnr:
for b<strong>ri</strong>.u Md <strong>rh</strong>o^ .r <strong>rh</strong>ctr @Mt 3n'rch:
Sm.ste.q som. h,q rrc;ii.td.Ralr <strong>ri</strong>i.6co<strong>rh</strong>.
r r.d rfifl 6 in ihi3d,rrckd t rr,
and I.n sred Pymus beshrd <strong>rh</strong>cEl
when in thd norcnem, so it 6. lo ;$.
nbntr wk d .nd $lighrtury tov'd ;n e (lr. ii. 6-3a).
On th. phtsiql l.reL !n. sn. of! boutiaut gnt bvi,g tu .s-hadcd m!n,ides
su88.st a gN qTe oforertai.h.n! ryobotizing thc tsck oapolish.d drt Etircd
fclin& h is lnc tuc snsslB <strong>rh</strong>d m,t* plck Etish thc s@n (ne mdr@s ir
twi@), bod h lh. b.gjnnins 6d .nd of<strong>rh</strong>. p.geg Th. w,y puck dca<strong>ri</strong>b., <strong>rh</strong>.
.do8 is suggcsliv. ofthe shldow-poj*<strong>ri</strong>onl an ching lh.n to tlE .ath.nian sr.lts,,.
.n inag. cvokiDs i.f.<strong>ri</strong>o<strong>ri</strong>ty at th. cxpcnsc of giving supe<strong>ri</strong>o<strong>ri</strong>ry lo .A<strong>rh</strong>cns,, dd
"8F t Tn6e!s," Prck se6 Botrom whib tnc Ln.r is Ehquing thc rctc ofth.
pot gdisr in il'e playl.r, dd, out ofjetoBt, lEDsfoms his had into .h!t ofln
d', strbolizhg lhc <strong>ri</strong>ckt n.nlF of th. Epcs.n @icnt Thc llminine ponio. of
ln. p.sg. dals witn d'c s$<strong>ri</strong>oul dcllits ot<strong>rh</strong>. "f<strong>ri</strong>sh., fctr by th. pl.rc. Th.
d.ilils Ehe io <strong>rh</strong>e s.* ofsislr ed niShr ofduct . in a ch,o<strong>ri</strong>c fshio. oo n@i,8
gun shot Plck elishBlltc imlgcry, indircdtyhiningarlh. sondary/.lxitirry
functionofTh6eus, i, e., sd3.tion. konic! y, th. gun .,cxptod6,, frcn wilhinr <strong>rh</strong>c
rulononous @optex b4ohcs arcc in th. deah_mod. to omp.nsale tor ih hck on
thc w.king lcrct. There aE err<strong>ri</strong>r r.xrual ctu.s <strong>rh</strong>lt h.tp us conncct <strong>rh</strong>. point wi$
TteB' titultion ar <strong>rh</strong>c @n$ious tcvct. Ai<strong>rh</strong>.cndo<strong>rh</strong>isspecoi
Th*us os <strong>rh</strong>. dato8y of"bush ed b..d's itlo tegh al <strong>rh</strong>e facutly of1h. &diig
ftnc<strong>ri</strong>oi ed ro BEI hir @nvic<strong>ri</strong>o. ofd.ta glircd <strong>rh</strong>rcugh th€ qss. ,trck ue, th.
in.gas of "b<strong>ri</strong>6 dd <strong>rh</strong>om,'lo dcs<strong>ri</strong>b. th. M. @n&nt for <strong>rh</strong>c sm. qlc of
*F<strong>ri</strong>cncc bul in a cmivll tashion. ThB, though plck Thcseus encounrcts hh
inac<strong>ri</strong>or fu.clion (licling), which i! a n.cdsary srep in hh individuoiion prc@$ tor
2t6

Fst blbhi.8 @ntlct {itl lh. uidcldop.d sidc ofhi! p.sonality. Puckt d.it aid
icgaliv. im|gcry fuictioN 6 Tte$' ,.Mr!l uMdious for hi! rctun ro ed F
cncrg.ne from it i. ! tmtolic My, Puct sF:
Nw lh. hrnAry lion t6.
And lno yolf bchorts <strong>rh</strong>o roon:
Whil? lhc h4W ptoqhnin snoF
All uilh v.!ry bk fodon..
Nd di. rr*n hdnds do gtow,
*tjbr dF sc@h*L ffihina tod,
Pd! <strong>rh</strong>. w<strong>rh</strong> fin [6 in @
rn ll|hb'!E of rJ@ud.
Nw it Ir <strong>rh</strong>. <strong>ri</strong>m. ofni8ir
T16t th. gErci, dll grpiry sid.,
Ewry oi. le! fdh hi! sp<strong>ri</strong>r,
In lh. cliuEh-wly parfis lo gtide:
And P. fanics, $.r do tun
By rt'. <strong>ri</strong>pl. Hdr.t 1ff,
Fm th. pen€ of <strong>rh</strong>. su..
Following d.rtns lilc . dall
Now G fblici nd r 'llN
sh.ll diiulbcd <strong>rh</strong>is h. os d hoBc:
I o sel beon b€foE!
To$o.pth.du$b€hindlhcd@r(v. ii, t-20).
Thc wholc p6rsg. hsrron of@nphinr sbod it sd @nptaint js linkcd ro ! ho6t
oathffi pbdu@d by rnc n.g.<strong>ri</strong>E lsp.cl of f4ting Th! pase. .nds wi<strong>rh</strong> .
cf.Me to lll. imlgc of"s@ping b.hind ttt. doos," which cvok* o
donBlicf.mhinc choE, b<strong>ri</strong>nging down Tncscus flm bh ,.hcoic ha@n" lo o
"du<strong>ri</strong>y 0d." Tfiir pictuE ftrth.. .6kd . "t lt" n$q d'!n .1i$." Tfic ..f!I" is
ne6ry for.onin8 ro rms wi<strong>rh</strong> <strong>ri</strong>c un@n$ious, tn. ".cga<strong>ri</strong>w', sidc of on 3
peemlity, Hillm.n is hdlpftl hcc, who s.ys:
&pai.lly ihpotui for <strong>rh</strong>c d.EtoDncnr ot fe.ting s.16r he neg<strong>ri</strong>v. fo.ling,
ne *<strong>rh</strong> rk mh6 rga: ovy, hfd, hg'nq @mDtr,nr. .rc. Tn.y in puicutr
tud 6uEg. Md hd6y, Equi<strong>ri</strong>rt p6ddE in oFi, h.ndtiry. R.hrns tn.n
!9pDt<strong>ri</strong>dly b dE €c6 oldr. 6Btl'llsB....For <strong>rh</strong>tu lgfu dE .im, i!
impodrq .nd ftr <strong>rh</strong>is 'lsn <strong>rh</strong>. i.a!<strong>ri</strong>v. spd of Eh<strong>ri</strong>o.<strong>rh</strong>iF u such ,;
sd.f ps of lif. cTn. Fctin3 F!rcu4. J@s! ?rpdagr, p.77).
Plch us <strong>rh</strong>. word, "no%" rlE lenpoEt indiotor wiich *ls <strong>rh</strong>c play in notion. tour
tisd i. Ih. paeg.. Th. @u<strong>ri</strong>ng plnch of"now" tu b. Et.t d to d€ nd
231

situl<strong>ri</strong>on in TheB' lif., Th. mqjor Fnid of$. p.!is. is @en.d wi$ d.!<strong>ri</strong>,
.ttb6., dcpBio. dd ghorb-

of dininu<strong>ri</strong>on chs b bc .1 wort in dEn ndca a "Muslrd-$.d" (sndi.e a if
Mi *), Cobe.b, P..iauosm' and Molh. In ! wy, lll <strong>rh</strong>.$ nMcs etar ro thc
*ns6, bui ihplying e ionicud.non. olDiniaru<strong>ri</strong>zinl<strong>ri</strong>vializin!<strong>rh</strong>. f@utq/.
Tneir rdca sugS.sl liftlerss in sirc, ind thc pbcess of rcduc<strong>ri</strong>on @hoes then
isisnifior olc in <strong>ri</strong>c dts-modc which susscsts Theuc .xh6bn. His
uili.ry fundion irlc otr a <strong>ri</strong>vi.l .nd inoEgoa<strong>ri</strong>.t !6ncn in thc dlls-nodq,
Fbming th.n 5n0 ion" on the 6n$ioB l*.r.rr Th. rcl.s 6si9.d !o <strong>rh</strong>. f.i!i.r in
lhe dHm-mod. u. snsuous in naturci lhcy eltner e6tch Bo om 's ss,hqd or
b<strong>ri</strong>ns sm. foil-jlicc for tim:
E trom: Sdtll hy lEd, P6t.6t@d $/nd irMdBi.w Cobwb?
so<strong>ri</strong>om: No<strong>rh</strong>irg Sood DNid, bd ro IEjD c!6iy coN.b io
you wapom tn yor hu4 6d
Bonomr Mon<strong>ri</strong>dr Cobw.b, good noisi.ur, s.r
kill m. i red-hipped humbl..b.r on L\c bp ofa $isrt., lnd ged nonsieu,
b<strong>ri</strong>ng me the honey-b!9. Do mr fd )rrelf r@ mu<strong>rh</strong> in !h. ic<strong>ri</strong>on,
sons,.urj md !ftd noai.ut, ha!. . 6E L\. ho.ly-bag bs* nor (v. i.
rG25).
Tibi. od6 |nc tuder Li<strong>ri</strong>6 ro .Md on Bonon; thR of <strong>rh</strong>d apond
cp€ting lhc word "r," a ifm@tio8 thc cgo in the dftaR-mod.. Tir.nia turlhcr
HoD in hb *alli md gebol i. his .'B;
Fcn fiin wiln lrdmks rnd d.vb.<strong>ri</strong>a
wilh pu4l. 3nr6 stq figi bd mutb.<strong>ri</strong>6
Tlt. hon.y.ldgs sl nm <strong>rh</strong>. humbt.-b.ct
And lor niSh( dp.6 cop <strong>rh</strong>.n d.i inisi6,
And lighr <strong>rh</strong>.m d<strong>rh</strong>e fiery do*m .t6(Itl.i.Is[.t6.
TIE bl. signcd to lhd in th. lbovc-cil.d pss.8c is thsr of cntcrtli.ing an lss
OoppinB/globollins), ond bdngins lruirs fo<strong>rh</strong>im, which rG lcc invotvi.Bbc<strong>ri</strong>tc
adivi9- Th. @lou6 offruil belong to tlE e* ofsighr. And fM <strong>rh</strong>. .so't
pc6Fcliv., th! "ins!s" or "woms" sulg.st emerl'ing Livial lllhlt <strong>rh</strong>€ fanies do
in the drd-nod. Ellte to the enscs, and ih.n e<strong>ri</strong>vity ionically subvcrts the
xi9

$ns, UE cgo's tools for @nrollins ns cnvionodl, Titania srys 10 thcm: "Con.,
*<strong>ri</strong>t uFn hio, .nd l4d hin ro my borcl" (lll. i, 190), nd ttat <strong>rh</strong>ey sn@ld '8. kind
and colncou3lo lhis gc.dend" 0ll, i, 157);'Nod to him, ches, and do him
@utcsl6" ([L i, 16?). Ir his dialogu. wilh lh€ "attcndsl fanies," BonoE
dphaiG <strong>rh</strong>. Foch vcRid of Mr." (Mosi€ur), p!$dyins lhe FMr.diated
situ{im in sokihs lil|. In od'dvod!, wc @n say th.t tnc ens6i(inlh.ir
dd.lucd rod as litlc foni.s) seac Borlom, lhc ss ($pprc$cd inluilion as
disusd bcl@), in drc dlm-nod. of lh. phy." In Jusir. p6ycholo6/, *ns.s
ind intuilime pohropposires; o.. rcm.ins EpEsd if<strong>rh</strong>. o<strong>rh</strong>er s or.F
Aonom ed his erelt lhe mdcur playcrr tnholirc thc tcrti.ry function of
Thc$us." Fom <strong>rh</strong>is D.Rp..ti!q fi.y rcprsent rbc und.rdcvcloFd funclion, i...,
intuition, Tfich 'Fv.rty," ddieusscd ii 6e sord Chafler, gives us c symbotic
clc 0o |ltc lh6 for <strong>rh</strong>c p.orly dcvclop.d tunc<strong>ri</strong>on. Tlct shy.ss lilm plblic
qporuc .le l4ds B if, <strong>rh</strong>. sm. dircction. Fo .xdplc, Quince eys:
Bul manct!, h.E dc Fu @rsi and I u ro ent<strong>ri</strong>l you, rcquel you, ud ddire you,
b @n $d by lomofts night, od m.d dc in dE pdre woo4 i Dil. wi<strong>rh</strong>ou! <strong>rh</strong>c
br4 r,y @.li3ht lic qill hc ah4c for if wc n€r in d\. cit, *c sh.ll bc
dqa.d in cdro, &d ou d{i6 IooM O, ii. 39-95).
Quinc. ad.lr€$3 hb f<strong>ri</strong>cnds in a nthd loadcd mon.r which .ches of
pssibilitictaltcoarvcs, The i..ui!io. pc@iv.spGsibilirjcs but ctunolcvoluatea
<strong>ri</strong>t!.<strong>ri</strong>on, Hit idploinS dc eir dc iic.dlt arr6phd, Md susc.sts <strong>rh</strong>lt hir
dinkingfunc<strong>ri</strong>on is und€rd.veloped. His i.r.Esl rodo thc rchcaMl at nishr in <strong>rh</strong>.
wo.d5 lMy 6om lh. public eyei Doinu to then slmbolic importancc as tn.
bd.*lop.d/u&trdl.dg.n nncdon of inn<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>on,
Botion s Eost Fv€l.iory hunch subv€fts <strong>rh</strong>c f&ulry of*nss, Md nonicatly
cxpos.r th. linib<strong>ri</strong>on ofTlEsus' ruxiLiary flrcljon. Borbm eys;
210

I hrd . rosl ft viiioo I h.E ti.d s dtu, Fsr <strong>rh</strong>. wir of ru iosy ei|rd,M ir
w mM B bd h .

Thc union of Aofton dd Tillnh sis u a Erbolic panern to imagin.
Tn.*us ond Hippolyta\ eturn to lho shodovepcsscd aspccrsorthcir pceidilics.
Botiom's hrsfma<strong>ri</strong>on iiom a
'bulhftl
fisuE ro ! but symbolizs <strong>rh</strong>. p@$ oa
Tt@s r.lum no! onlt to his inslirct!.l b6is, which h. bs bd suppBing io
pol isn his pe^o.. .s a steh n oBl isr, bidcd by d inking-senetior funclion. Al the
dlM la.l, ih. piclu@ of"Botiom-tumd{J'ptuvid.s Tleeus *ilh . synbolic
chMml for .@sing thc EpB.d D.nr in odd ro *!Lc up vid posnivc ed
produdiv. cna.g4 in hir pe@naliry. Wc find Th.*us in thc v@ds in.! his fi61
dlepp@6@ liom our'ty.sr" !s if dreaming of his prsi. The union of Boltom ud
Tiidi! siE q a nod.l for qnlh6izinS intition (Botbm) dd f*ling (Ti|rnia), the
pstlhic po0cntials th M.i. uodd-dcwlop.d ed uidacloFd in ficsus.
Tit nia's rcnpor.ry infatuo<strong>ri</strong>on witn "Bonom,lumcd-$s pmvidB us !
symbolic chunrl b $. n a a pltss of Fa@siog thc shadow sp.cr of <strong>rh</strong>.
bimus in HipFlylr. At the @sl of Ept$ing hcr f.mi.inny, Hippollr dcElops a
haouline pcnon., which nay h. intcPEled a a fom offabindion nom ! Jlnlid
,.6p@tivc, A1 lh. drcd l.v.li Titanir's union with Boftom (s) is symbolic or
Hitpolyr!'s ctn !o <strong>rh</strong>. poinr in hd lifc whce shc misdidt d br pGychologiol
dcvclopBot s ! wom... Likc Thc$us, $. de E,lwakcns wi<strong>rh</strong> . rdnslomed
pcMnllity, prcpor.d to con pe.satc for <strong>ri</strong>c rcp$sed aspcc rs of hq h ! sbr nd \
psrcholos/. Tir.f,ia's lov. for Bofom-tumedss in th. dEam-mod. funciids s .
tDje<strong>ri</strong>@ o Eippolyta's part ad coopcnsr6 fd irs hck dunng adoLsna.
Int 6ti.8ly, Obeon wanLs to done wilh Til.nir in such a wly a to amkcn
.ll d'c "lov6" fon th.ir "dEe." Hc $ys:
codc,,yqud, bt h.'ds wio r.,
And ek tl. gFund vhdoi ih* slc.p6 6..
Now <strong>rh</strong>ou ud I & n.w in mit

ard iono@* ftidnidr $t.hnty
Dme in Duk. Tn6eB houiiunDhMrty,
And bt.$ irb r[ p@<strong>ri</strong>ry 0v. t.3!iO),
O6.D.t !nno!ncd.,r ss.s s . wlke-up{au fo, ..i€w miry,,. implying
"old cnmity." Jun l8cr Ob.on s snouncd.,! TIE*us apr.4 !n a 6m.r or <strong>rh</strong>.
woods, whicfi syDboliz6 his Ecm.rs.ne 6om <strong>rh</strong>. unconsc,ou, Md his
F6ychological rcbi<strong>rh</strong>, Ca ing in <strong>rh</strong>c foEsl.r, he sa's:
cq on. ofrou, find ou. <strong>rh</strong>. tocr.r:
Fd my d! ob..MioD is F,foD d:
A.d sin€ K ha* dL hE d of<strong>rh</strong>. tur
My low sh.tl h.ar th. n6ic or n y hou;;s.
Uncoupl! in <strong>rh</strong>. sdffi %ltry: t.rfi.m!o.
Dnprkh,I!iy,and tmd <strong>rh</strong>. faGrr. -
wc will, fai qu@n. up b i\. mounEin\ toD.
And D.rt( !\. a6icd @.fBion
ofhouds ud @ho in odudioi {lv. i. ro3-t r I ),
Thc dov! p.eg. inrcl€s ln. "rnoning,, fo owi.g <strong>rh</strong>. n@tumal ldvcnlu6, whioh
Th*E dd Hippolylahav. not.xpc<strong>ri</strong>cnocd yet. Howercr, th. im.seof,.oul
obs.aaiion" su836ts thal bo<strong>rh</strong> ofih.h took !r tbe ..n@tumat exldidet,s prn of
tncir p6tchologidl pas{E inro <strong>rh</strong>. Hr pne of tif.. Th...houds- @ Et6.d
in ibew.st n padof ihe %lley,! kind of synholic.cccpr.nce of stippinBa{.y from
$. nomy pc<strong>ri</strong>od of th.i youlh, dd srld ofa rcsh joum.y upword'6 ..ob5.frc6,,.
Sioil&lI likc "cteS.ting" lhe in.gc ot..fq*tcl is noE ! symbotic figuE <strong>rh</strong>e a
hude of'n6h dd blood." Th.*B 6 ro lhe -h.6r./' is a ,nholic g61uE ot
hi6 coniDe !o t ms with <strong>rh</strong>e ..foEslct wnhi., thc delcr Bpccr of is peEon.tiry.
Thc in!8. .hat lhFws lunhd lighl o. <strong>rh</strong>. chlns. in hi, inn., spa* is ..mBiet
coftaid-" a.ing plndo<strong>ri</strong>qt in sreruE <strong>rh</strong>e inas. @.norcs ! pt!6 ofuitins
@ultic oppGncq cEa<strong>ri</strong>ng hlsic out ofchaos, Thein.e.of"boundsi,tunhcr
suggcsb lnat The$ls @m6 ro rems wi<strong>rh</strong> hk instinctsj in o<strong>rh</strong>or woros, nc
.xpqio6 'you<strong>rh</strong>" !g.in, s ird ..eho" fDm <strong>rh</strong>. psr. Lito fi*u: Hippotyr.
.t$ ond€rses a ld.iloml<strong>ri</strong>on ofF6on.tiV;ftcr.h. dGsm-nodc. rn.h.

ceinning h.r atdtude is lhat ofddachnc.r. It ir d. chdsc in hd th.t n.l.s h.r
dfim lnc netuhal dp..icr6 ofthc young @uplcs- Shc srys lo Tneeus:
Bur rll ih? siory of<strong>rh</strong>. night totd Ns,
Aod lll $en mi.& hciguld e toldlE ,
MoE witr.sL\ ihm Oncy! im!g.s,
And gows b $n d<strong>ri</strong>ng ofeEt constonoy (V, l. 23-26).
Th. ph@ "rtusfisura1io. of nindt' is ! synbolicolly lich i6ag. in iti sulg.s<strong>ri</strong>on
ofpsycholoaiel tr.nsfom.lio for Smtd
m.ru<strong>ri</strong>ty, apprEndy on <strong>rh</strong>. pln ol!h.
y@n8 co!p16. lrcniqlly irappli.s to Th*us tud Hippolrla s rcll. I. <strong>rh</strong>is *!y,
t

Fot i. lh. l.mpL, by lnd by, with uq
'n socouDloshdll.rchclly b. knir 0v- i. 177-l3l),
The li6i li.c in ihc.bovc pasaB. shows lh lh."couplin8"ofth.younglovesisa
srlchrcnbtic .vcnt ss J ung wou ld say,r7 Th. clll foi imn.d iatc depanuF io lh.
'tdrple" point 10 a pofound spi lu.lchrnSc InThclcB for iceplihg "olh.u as
"us."Th.vsb,"tnit,"cvokcsrpicturcofcomplcxpartens,symbolizinglhepbc.ss
of pstcholoeiol coopcnetion for making 6. El iotuhip prcductive and
purpos.ful, Tlcscui oll to go to th. "tcmpl.i itsisnificslhc sphilul chlng. in his
anitud.. Tn. following p@gc fom ,!n8 h.lpl us illu$de d is point, Hc sars:
Ar 0!. oBt of niddl+!a.. 'Mt vilu6 Dd ftn hk body ba8in b che8e towrd
dEir oDposit s,,,, H. mui, ho*!q, ch.t8c hh Psrcholoe/ d .l* <strong>ri</strong>sk dm.Cing
his $ul. Middlongp is s lo h.6 ! @liEl p!tp.* G oppos.d io lh. individulr
pvpo.. ofrou<strong>rh</strong>. h n $oiz.d <strong>rh</strong>|r tE \.le ofEliaio6 b.liofs i' <strong>rh</strong>. spF
mund@ G drl <strong>rh</strong>.y @n5<strong>ri</strong>tuE . bGi for lit4 <strong>rh</strong>. ldnd hilf of liL *i<strong>rh</strong> a msh
p!Ae..d.im Gdt fiat(7t SM,E @ADraMt t ofP"cte,Cw 3,p.t3,.
I. th. bcai.ning ofDErr. Thau! }als lo mobili4 lll l6c yourtful po?ulltio. of
Athcns .o p.niciroc in hb aldding, .nd b.r .ll nd dcufrne' His tbovc
nddocd wieh sG6 lo bc <strong>rh</strong>. l.!( sp.!t of"csrying lh. ,o!lh in nin inro his
niddlc rgc," a .tu.8 would $y (trdtud ad DtMt6 oJPsJ.h., C3 7,3Ar. Th.
c.ll ro 80 lo <strong>rh</strong>.'rcDpl." t irdiotivc of. pofound chd& of th. opp6ne natlG- It
olnr srds h. tuG inro hi! opposic dd <strong>rh</strong>is rr.Bfofr.tion is ! D6lp!bl. hinr of
fiis atF ion ro .ulruc, . wrld bd.dcr, depc., lnd his!.r $an <strong>rh</strong>c nomv, linit d,
.!dbrutalon.of lav."whi.hh.isDmn.totpplyloHcmiainlh.b.ginning.
Ano<strong>rh</strong>.r dhloSuc bGtw..n Th.eus ed Hippolyla is quotd t low for
rvealin! thc ch!!8ca i. thcir rnilud.! and functiorc,
Hippol)d IwBiih H@uld.nd C.ddu!o@,
wn.n in d Nod ofcEt. <strong>rh</strong>.y biy'd lh. b6r
wi$ hounds ol Spirl<strong>ri</strong> icv* did I h6r
Such gallanr chidi.g; for, bBid.! th. gEv6.
]h.ski€,lhc founlli.s, .v.ry Ggioi ndr
S€m d illonc dulslcry. I n4{h.nd
So d*ical a dhord. .uch N€r lhund.r
nF*usr My hounds.Ebrcd our ot<strong>rh</strong>. spad.n kind,

So fi* 4 e s!d.d: .nd $.n ha& N hung
with 4 rfi.h,r.D rsy lh. m6iia d.w;
C@t-kM d, ud d.s-hDp d likc T1@li.n bullc
Slds in p|mii, bur n ch d in (ouih li*. b.lll
Elch undar@h. A c.y noE rlnrbl.
w6 Bcr hollo d tq nor.h€rd sith hom.
In Crc, in Sp.ia nor in Th*.ly:
iudee, wnen you h@ (lv, i. I r2r 26).
Thc iorg. ofThceut "houtuls" llkcs Hippolt| to h€r p6t, a r.mpohl spacc
<strong>rh</strong>.t is pe.nr fo Hcmi. and H.lcnr. Thir rctospcc<strong>ri</strong>w strdt gy o. Hippolr,la s part
tunctions 6 r synbolic ftrurn ro th. !9. of Hcdl6 md Heleia for roptu<strong>ri</strong>nC $e
moheDrs neesry for fie in il ill sl.grs o i hctcro.exu. I coup ling.'r The figuEs of
"H.Nl.s" ond "Cldmud cvok musul.r men. g<strong>ri</strong>ppinglhe fan&syof young
wom.n activor.d by lhc animus .n.r8/. In!p,yohologiql fl$hthcpo6sof
dinustrcv.loprcnr s6s ro h. ovd for HitFl,,tal
Hippo$L s i.t.cr i. <strong>rh</strong>c prn n!t6 h.r rF.ch inEov€rred, dd lhe imasery
C'e s foi thc dt6icn@ is &sh.ticdl, fit for ! felirg typc. Hqr opening sD.6h
of'drsning linC' h BoE ..h.@l ud ih.aindircly las gGprblc thd <strong>rh</strong>c on.
quof.n ahm. fl.E shc .mploys obw.bL in.€!J' g@gaphial splc (sucn 6
CEte sd Spali!), vi$.lly D.ep<strong>ri</strong>bh OsR dd houndt, lnd rp6tirlly
ddpaing (stict. Tnc ihag.ry is su!3ca<strong>ri</strong>€ of th. f..sromation in h.. feeli.g
tunction, which saift supDon lo6 th. s.n&s to stEngtien hcr ar3um.nl. In h.r
sp€oh, tnc in.s.of bosr'(which lppaB mrny timcs in lhe ploy)" is ofspeoill
synbolic signifiq.ce fom aJungidn poinl ofvi.w In lhh rcs.rd, ! sou@ says:
A b@ in 3 drccm is a v.ry .lch and complic.Ld dEm symbol. In o'd.r 1o
undsbnd it, obj.otlvc mocldlons n.cn b b. modo. Bc,6 are soliury a.imah and
th. fmds N $libry moficB. Thcy hibcmit in ! cive and fiey .rc Sderally no!
predaloryoiF k, Ab..rkonlyagarcsivoqh.npbvok.di!.d6such<strong>ri</strong>mehek
dug@6 ed deadly, Bats h dHms mry rcps?nt ! pe od ofinbsp€tion ard
depGsion, How*r, thic mrt b. r psr of ! h.iliry cycle, wh.rc th. dllmd hs
@ir.d inio hirerf ii .'dd ro ra!e!!I!& jdi!lsl!!& jr4lq$!!!h!rg jlry_lrc
nlublc in nis lifc. Bs6 e hilhly Elr d.d rynbdh in a veiev ofcultoG 'r'd
f.dilims, includiG <strong>rh</strong>. N.<strong>ri</strong>vc an.d6n rndition. cjn Jung said <strong>rh</strong>ar all wild
din.h EpEs. lrEiltllct (f4lin!s rnd .mo<strong>ri</strong>ont. Th. intlptuion of<strong>rh</strong>. b€r
ir . d'!m m., b. influaed by your p.ep<strong>ri</strong>on of n dd bj <strong>rh</strong>e ewnb in dE d@.

The b€!. n.y EpEenl qldli<strong>ri</strong>.! in yo$ chadcw or specific ap.cls ofyou!
F*mllity. B4 arc Bullly .s.i.t?d whi dul{ lnd .3gBion, bul lhh i! i
wry Mmw vieq of this po{edul ddfr srfrbol (<strong>ri</strong>a,n ,"wr *b<strong>ri</strong>tq .nphair
Thar mam Hippolta! rc-conn.cts, thouBh <strong>rh</strong>c 'tc!r ddm" wnh a missinS pan ol
hr "*lf' for wnoldcs. TlEt is,lh..mtutul ldtntuG ed dpc.ic.@s nty bc
cmp|ss.d$akindofrcdtBar, .Fiodof sFbolicbibmtionforHippolyL
to Fr$!t n wnn a fEh a..e, fd lifc.
Hippolfi's i .En in lh. p.sr is conplcn..t d by Theeus irvolv.manl i.
thc ptwnt, vitt his focB oo !h. b@d" olhh "nounds," The inag.ry Tb.eus us.s
h not @np61ible with <strong>rh</strong>c nenbcB ofconpa<strong>ri</strong>son involved; compa<strong>ri</strong>nsa hound wilh
a bull dcs .or sam to be oohvincin8, Hh leus h on parts (hqd, knee, mou<strong>rh</strong>i dti
which sggcst d dalld.al rptech b&kcd by <strong>rh</strong>. ense of obedation, a function
of 't'€" sd "6." Tftc @ntc of thc parg. Gfd to <strong>rh</strong>e egos.bic atitudc or
ThsB sge6t d by bk @@n[ ion on tlt. "bGd" of his "hou.ds, wbich .E
thousl to bc alry but $adfst i. th.t puEuir with no spuFing. Tnc inaE! of ltow
hounds" wttr hmAi.g "o6"
i3 r &ind ot.dnision on hir pdl diar <strong>rh</strong>. qt<strong>ri</strong>crnc$,
bnsrn6s, dd obcity lssiat d wilh th. vigour of youth navc ela'$d. This
.dmhsion frdha evcals a gFlt chelc in his attitud. ah.i t\c m@n-br!h."
Hippoltta's fmk and nosblgic Encmbr.nce olh.rtim. sp.nt in the comFny of
"Hcrcul.s'and "cadmus'do6 nor ooueThesclsij.rlousy ro <strong>rh</strong>e.xEnr <strong>rh</strong>al hc
f,ly rln ncr, Tnis is anothcr posiliv. chrnsc in fiis 'heeic ani$dc, sueigcsting
lb.l h. h6 laml hN to lolcEL nulu.l difl.Enes md disrcranci€s ofolh6. 'In.
in.g. of"llnablc cry" d@s *o . v<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>t o. th. <strong>rh</strong>.me of'nusi€l mf*ion,"
synbolizinS lh. c!9*iry to hold lhc opp6n6.

Thceisholh.rpasqgc in .plat whichoccuFJdanerBodd spl.yl.(
which is hignly.ich i. ilssyobolicsuggstion o I tsych o logioal tdsforn ation.
Rcspondins 10 goftom, Thscus eys:
No .Dilosuq I pdy you: fd your pl.y n..ns no .xce. Ndd *cr; for whh <strong>rh</strong>c
pl.t.6 @ .ll dad th.E ionc 1o h. blDcd. M<strong>ri</strong>y. ifhc ilrar wil n hld pby.d
Pl'm6, .nd hdg.d his$lf in ltilb.t grftr it suld harc ben ' 6E rq.dr:
.nd $ ir ii hM fld Ery robbl, di*h!a.d....
Tn.iMbrgeofsnhiShth h lold tw.lE;
Irn.rroHi lk ilmd f<strong>ri</strong>ry <strong>ri</strong>ft.
A fortrtght hold w <strong>rh</strong>tu el.m.ily,
In nichrly l*lq ud n.w jollir, (V. l. 3a7.361).
For dc fiut ed lasl lime in th. play, Thceus ..d Bodon speak with dch othcr, a
prc*$ thlt qf,bolizcs fio acccptlnc. of onc's "in felior funotion." Tn*us docs not
lsuc @noands to Botroo but 'pEy" !o hold back his cpilosue $d oonlinu. *ilh tn.
Bcrgomsk darc. Frcm symbolic toi.t oa<strong>ri</strong>cw,Thcsa. ini.racts withhis
$d.dcvelope

"Swt noo4 I thdk ih@ lor thy sunny bcansn thank thee, moon, rofshininge
b<strong>ri</strong>tht/ For, by lhy $acious, sold.n. glcamt'(V, i. 276-278), The lund lighr is
i.diq3tirc ofthc syn<strong>rh</strong>csis lt!.r occlu wh.n Tb*ur dd Hippollta rc-iitcgrEtc qiih
tlc nd*red apets ofdcn un@noious, Jui. SinCer eys thai *c tlould b.
$<strong>ri</strong>oE lbom @r d|!ms a lh.y @n.el us wilh th. un6n$io4 Shc eys:
Mc idDotu <strong>rh</strong>r dE ognidw utrdditudina ofdts is <strong>rh</strong>. .d of *Fi.icii8
r|.|. drsn n@irl rd lhng tl ! ne edoat Jhg .Murl!6 6 to b.fii6d
dr drsm md ro hr <strong>rh</strong>m nor a i$hcd .tre brt 6 ennhidiom f6m 0E
u@NioN. Thir plw cHt6 . di.lo!@ b.tu 6r$iN Dd uM@ios ed
is d inpod *p ii <strong>rh</strong>. inr.Sdio^ oh ctuo (Opposnd t 1ki,, p.233).
Th€ nffiag. ofThs.us Md Hippolyo poyides us a nodel to qp.<strong>ri</strong>cncc
gnphi@lly whal Singd sys in thc .bov. qlolc, Thci6 is r ndibl pdhcNhip
b8.n upon tnc pinciplc of'bpposit!3 .nEcl, ' . unioD of felin3-intuilion inr@v.n
(Hippolyla)o.d lhintinsicnn<strong>ri</strong>on.xrEv.d (I1l.*ut.
Flgur.3.a
The .bovc figE shos dE neirgc ofTlrc*6 ed llippollta a 6 nod.l of
Dgr.tologiol clatidship, TlEir ml<strong>ri</strong>rsc siv6 $ lhc model ofa middrcrscd
@plc Gb.ci.g dEn p.e for d.s.l ofth. prrchologidl nod6 ed functions in
$ch.*yea10 dtdi o. wortlblc prl<strong>ri</strong>cGfiip. This pafi'crsl'ip t oom6
posible uly aftcr cn@u.t <strong>ri</strong>ne thcir shldow ap6l5 (EpEsn dpdi.n€s) dd

ehctytll @untcrparts a .nim! dd lnimus, Th*eus extravetu his tiinking-
$dtio. !o <strong>rh</strong>. point <strong>rh</strong>ar hc hqins ro f*l th. vdtns o<strong>rh</strong>it onc*idcdn4s. His
d*kion 10 ndry Hippolyr. Evah lhrt wh8l hc eudt 6 a wholc @ jun a fidlt he
hd lo sEn fortn m.i.ing h.lf ir Hippoltt, canyins thc func<strong>ri</strong>.n which h.
Itoks, Simihrln Hippollta *qE . "f.ls. p.rson.'olexlBlcrsion,lhinkinglhd thh
i! lh. maning of hfi lif€. At niddlc.8., shc b.hov6 in such a vay lhlt it s..ms
fi.t h.r "p.M" dcs nol frt h.r, sd sh. ha to Elum lo the poinl wh.E sh. lG
F.c.l(of hcrfdini<strong>ri</strong>ty.,Aftdhastnbolicd6uni.rwi6tlEshldN6peqsh.is
Ebon psycnob3i€lly a a fc.ling-intoition intovcn. Hd ndi!8. with Th€clt
cmp.ner.s for vnat she leks Thus lh.ir heilse srnboliqlly syn<strong>rh</strong>qias th.t
oppositc finod6 dd funclions in ! psFholosic.lly baloccd way, sugg.lt.d by
pldcingthcm !t thc ho<strong>ri</strong>a.ial axis. Theirdrtir esand fuictions.@ pl.ccd clongthe
v.r<strong>ri</strong>ql dis witn $e $sccs<strong>ri</strong>on lh Th.*ut pderaliiy s en cxr€rcrt d iliiking.
s$tion typc is plaad at <strong>rh</strong>. uppcr .n4 pointi.S b lh. oDler sp@, th. @ld w.
qpcti..@ a "@.ei@s &d dl. ' Hippol}'t., nis @npl€m.n|..y opposit eho is t
fc.ling-intlition inEoven, is plac.d al th. lorcr crd rointinc downwlrd, which is <strong>rh</strong>.
world of duns, a@hsics, and fl uidity, .iohrsbn'sexplanation of thc niddlc agc
c<strong>ri</strong>si3erv.shcEa suidinBp<strong>ri</strong>nciplc, Hc er5:
A5 q? 8Fq a.d d*lop yc ch@s fbn <strong>rh</strong>e oppcits of pmnrliry ro Atablish our
.N of*lt we deElop dr.go (Copirrl l.&r'l) in <strong>rh</strong>h mnncr, Tnc Bk of<strong>rh</strong>.
lid h.lfof lifc i3 b d4.lop DcMility io <strong>rh</strong>. bad ofour ability $ w @ <strong>ri</strong>e od
tundid in <strong>rh</strong>e mrld. Howw. ou. dadoDhmt inh.Enrly baona 6Hid.i, o,E
orth. opp6iB of F6onllity ir .h@n od .nDh6iu d ar <strong>rh</strong>c .xp.@ of<strong>rh</strong>. o<strong>rh</strong>.r.
You b@F.lh. k intown you 6 hd m.in an und.t dd?lop.d .xt rd so
@irl sdin$ n.L you wy unconfotubrc. or, you b.comc <strong>rh</strong>. bcr of&inkc6
eho G our orbuch win' $c f..ling lidc of lif.. You i.rui<strong>ri</strong>on may br .xell.nr bur
yo! 3.r orcohdm.d in !\. nMy dchils ofd lylife. a!midlifc,<strong>rh</strong>cE<strong>ri</strong>esadeep
sll for qholen.$. x @mcs iom <strong>rh</strong>c iidividu<strong>ri</strong>on pd.* thdr h prcpollinggrcw<strong>rh</strong>.
Th. "urdevelop€d' nu$ b. dovclop.d if w @ lo be fully lundioning p.opl..
Wnhod lnis urg. loradr wnohi4s wc Eniin like ! lopslded wh4 tryins o rclI
dom hill. w. m rwk*rd od sn g.rourofconbl....A!nidlifcyounu$b€
pilling ro idie'$ yot 6n b. "Ehoh." Youmddi.ro<strong>rh</strong>.ord*rf<strong>rh</strong>dhab.6ne
..cn<strong>ri</strong>c$rcu o Eh'm krelt Tniedbik i .@in mou of suf.<strong>ri</strong>ng hd

qnotiionnbn st<strong>ri</strong>ch mnr ,h.. Ho}q. to b6on r *hot. p6.n thc
jourEy m'El bc br6 (roh6on *!6it ),
ln his srech quotcd @tt.r, Tfi*B hlkr lbod <strong>rh</strong>. "d@<strong>rh</strong>" of".tt <strong>rh</strong>.
pl.tr6" iD <strong>rh</strong>. playlel. Rlad wilh Kon's findin& <strong>rh</strong>. da<strong>rh</strong>-imae.ry in <strong>rh</strong>. !hy,
8iving us ! patt hrothinkolc<strong>ri</strong>tssynboticvatu.. Kod say5.
Th. words d.od, lnd (dqdj" e. ud.Ed tenry ljnesr .dic,'lnd ..dying,,
qm fo-ul@ <strong>ri</strong>ncs. A tlogcthd, <strong>rh</strong>. tinSuisic tietd or-dc!$. .pp.;E in
nett fifty w il t Midtunn r xrg, il Da@ Md k disr<strong>ri</strong>bu;d .tmoj
.v.nry don3 th. .vcnts in thc f@sr !f,d <strong>rh</strong>. Dtay at Tne6, wdding (p,
Thir .xBiE e of de.th-nn.e.ry is ! ctar rtrbotic clu. o on r <strong>ri</strong>o e
crp.<strong>ri</strong>.n@ ofinFov.uion djomcy into ft. ur@n$iou o. <strong>rh</strong>. prn ofnaus ed
t'Iippolyn for <strong>rh</strong>cir psychologicdt Ebii.'r in such a woy $ s to mak thcnm.di.g.!
syhbiotio rcla<strong>ri</strong>onsh ip, In his hst sp..ch, Thescus.mptoys <strong>rh</strong>c imag. of.twlv.,,,a
nuhipl. oflh€. and four which symb.li@tty eplen. a union oflhc m4cltinc a.d
th. fanininc, d. dima dd <strong>rh</strong>c Dimut <strong>rh</strong>. @nsious dd tl'e uncorsioc tor
indivirtution,6 dprrjn d h Chltr.r tV,
Th. hei.sc ofTh$c &d Hippolru is ! union orthc ego wi<strong>rh</strong> <strong>rh</strong>c S.tfi,
th. !@nd nllfoflifc. W.shbu Inlcrpds Jurs wh.n bc eysl
Tn. qo h.ry.s ni<strong>ri</strong>all) f@ <strong>rh</strong>. d..p eLrc6 ot $. Ds) ch.. !h. .so <strong>rh</strong>.n *pdks
ia.lffiom $e eu*r duinS <strong>rh</strong>. fisr hdfoftift. "hi(h,.a nm. nor ont) oi.go
d*lopn nrbu, de ofcso domtrlnc.isd <strong>rh</strong>..go fin'tb Eruh: b,h. d..p
lllllc4llIIorvth. in <strong>rh</strong>! k6nd h,rfof lif. r. b@m. 'nr.edbd -ah <strong>rh</strong>.h on '
i,'i.r tc6ic r*r(wahbM, p, xii,.nphas hm.,
Ob.bn bd Tit ni4 vi<strong>ri</strong>blc ro thc ludicn@ but invi<strong>ri</strong>bt. 6on thc rlEalE .udi..c.,
dtpFt. on {ic stagc to nrtc us lot o!. ehctyFt coE, having lhc porcnlilt ro iikc
on diff.Enr "st.pes" o.d ..foms" <strong>rh</strong>buel chitdE. for dE vkibtc flow ot.n.r&/ rc
call llf., Tn. E ppeatuce ofthc Faily ooupt. .t the dd ofrEar suglcsk th.t
ih.e i6 hume @upl6 e subjcct to psy.hic dctugnebt no matlcr whrr, Things
nly go lop6id.d again, od lh. eh.typ.l blck{rcurd hay becomc lctivc ro
2tl

@pgrstc for tlc ldmdtin. finud6 and func<strong>ri</strong>oB !t <strong>rh</strong>. waki4Aislo<strong>ri</strong>cal l4.l
Thc p6y.r for "childd" (v. ii. 3l -t0) fonh.r sugg.sls thar !h. hmm oupl6 d
nqt l but <strong>rh</strong>c !6,<strong>rh</strong>ic
polc.lials (childF.) do iot di., dd nay appd s .4
Ly$d6 .nd H€mis, And pot nti.lly, th. fo@ 36.Btion ha iG M mAicls
to Eelw. No rcnder, Puck pMies !o mc.d $in85 <strong>ri</strong>sh oeain in thc tuhE (v. ii
5669).
. Lifc is o @nlinuous po@ss of €ntinuous l4nins. Thecgocdtumloo
obsliute to ee dd @.pt li. opposilc si

|emnFd.E ltc iss of c!.rt rcxt 8!r.a<strong>ri</strong>on; o$wisq th. ftw !.n@tio mry
E$r b unpddudirc h.bir! 4d uhal<strong>rh</strong>y rf.c<strong>ri</strong>€.
R.en h! its lihir ion{ Dd w lhould nd .ptly i1 to .Ery splEF of lif.,
HMU cl.<strong>ri</strong>otuhip., 6pei.lly bcrt6 mn ed rcm.lr <strong>rh</strong><strong>ri</strong>* d@ o. f4lins
th! thin*iig. Unfornldllly, our *h@t5! @ll.g.c, .nd 6ir6i<strong>ri</strong>6 focls on dF
d.Elopmdt ofqtr.rc6ion, dd &tivni.t bs.d o <strong>rh</strong>inki.ys.ns<strong>ri</strong>@ lurc<strong>ri</strong>oB,
dd ig'@ th. felinlnniiion 3ida of6. p6yr,h. vith th. BUlt th <strong>rh</strong>c .nG.S/ i3
,t !d in Uc sldry. Tr ! oin..[hy rad lalb to i.r.{!id$ md inrF
ghd.r/incr-tui.1 &d inF!-@iil nisFr.pddu &d nirundctrudinss, Oor
Flicy{.lcR !h@ld knN th.r qmGion b o. !id. of <strong>rh</strong>. @in; <strong>rh</strong>. o$d !id.
ha its hl@ ed ndin& 1oo. Sihilrly. d'. thirldny'$nslion ncuhiB @ hclttul
t@, Th@ c 'B &d conrqdr whcc thc felindintui<strong>ri</strong>on o.g&3 n lp G b.!.i
MonoE, our $icntilic "@q!esrt" hrw m.d. us liI.nun.rdill in our !p!@h ro
lifc, whid n.k6 . pln ofdE *lDlc, Th. p'!6 ofsl4ygazing in ll)c n*l oh.pr.r
3hos hN Drrzr Fl.td to @ syntolicJspi<strong>ri</strong>tuudh.typ.l dif,dsao.
253

I WilliM Shr*6p@,,4 Mdr6r.f Xiqr'r D rd, (cd ), H@ld F. Brcok, S.n,
.ds, Richrd Pbudfer, Ann ftonpsont and D.!id Scon Kalan, ?h. ,'r?',Sratarpadrt
(t ndor: Mdhuh, l r9). Henccfonh i!. pliy k rcfen i lo s.,,DlEm." All sub*qu.ir
Ef.me e !o thL .dition, d .E p.r hc<strong>ri</strong>qlly inorpoorcd li <strong>rh</strong>. lork fi<strong>rh</strong> ac! !cqd.
.rd lirc n@bd Boc<strong>ri</strong>rclv.
'Jlng ry! .bod tif;:
h hB t @ rblidorl, cld b n. dd lic 6n llos aoMd dly ltong
<strong>rh</strong>. p{h ofd* gndi..r Bur thc is m 4tgr u!l* rfi.E k 'rdio! of
- oppdits: he@. i! ie €6"y b disd <strong>rh</strong>c oppoeiE ro d. ani&dc of li.
.oeioa mind (rto &,o{, ctl 7! p. 53).
C,G. Jag Aao Esta'! m ANUtel Prtcholos, Cttl (Pnna.tar P nceron Univ!6it
Jung bdi*6 ihdt dE li6l ph& of tifc invot€ <strong>rh</strong>c pdcc$ of&pa{ing fron rtr
S.li <strong>rh</strong>icl b Mp.i!.ed b, <strong>rh</strong>. ury. ofEunion yidr ii i. ltc ac6nd fi;t H* I qeG
u/hitM io dphin dr point Hc eyr:
Th. S.lt d lhc oth.. hh4 p,!gs its.lf psychonFbiditr 6 a
complaalin8, oBhintr& d.t minin& d.t mining .n<strong>ri</strong>ly, u urg. iosrd
. lnion ofoppsnd ftd includcs <strong>rh</strong>. @uid with <strong>rh</strong>. "rdwMry" or lh.
,.*i1,,, i lnion o'al includd <strong>rh</strong>. restdion of dh conuid inro <strong>rh</strong>c ta, ot
onc! bcing od furuc daelopft.nl, Il oonnituB d psychic 6rjty
.htut. ad br <strong>rh</strong>. s}'bolkm no.onlrof<strong>ri</strong> ind vidutwhot.Bs ond I
focntiol €nk bll ale of! @mnon gnnd of rll l@m *psi.ne !
p.rdox <strong>ri</strong>ke d'rl b ,hicn Ni6hN ofctr$ Ef.rrcd 'ho h. spokc ofcod
a ! ciEr., dE 6h ol*hich is ryhcE, <strong>rh</strong>c ciEunfdnc of ,hich ir
myh4..., Th. s.lf dtrni$ '@Biltc <strong>rh</strong>. \lnir'y Gtj.y- <strong>rh</strong> s
rc. idt ordunne.!o d4dopn&r (trr,/i. 0n', p. 253, mplEis
lrnon.otdremontund.m.nb prro\€oip!)c1.. tite<strong>rh</strong>r'cp.y<strong>rh</strong>ic
robtiry Equi6 and d.muds <strong>rh</strong>k DMiat '.uhziion in s hi'rtdkonion
E rn €o, <strong>rh</strong>en @6 b it usurlty in <strong>rh</strong>e s@ld h.tf of lif., by ,
@np.neiory, @hptdcir.r, oppo5ilion .imcd !r on$ioaty @hina
blrtd n'. qigin0l lnc@ioa porn<strong>ri</strong>'l vhd.!6 in M aclat dp.d.n€
shich b Nw b tnclud. @eioBnels),"6on. oust, p.2s1).
Edwrd c. whihod. n. qrro/r 94r (Pnndon: P<strong>ri</strong>n(bn r niv.B,ry p4 to6c).
'whihonreya fi.ewu<strong>ri</strong>onof <strong>rh</strong>..goa*ar fonrnd b(kto<strong>rh</strong>.se tconb.
.xpcscd inapanboliccurq JlnsonpoG lrro<strong>rh</strong>ccuryeorr p6j{<strong>ri</strong>t . (srnbotie QaBt
'-IhcE k no dd' ly defincd U. rln. for <strong>rh</strong>. niddtc rg., <strong>rh</strong>ou8h Dughty pte.d
our lif. b likc ah. €ue of<strong>rh</strong>. sun. h th. nomins lyodhl its e,ins
stinull, in slEnBh unrjt ir dcl'6 <strong>rh</strong>c ahh-hot of high noon. Th.n
con6 the .ndtiodromir: <strong>rh</strong>. nady foNlrd movemcnt no tongq d.nor4
.n inc@e, bur a dccrccc, in srrcngh. Thus our llsk inhandtinB a youiS
pcM h dilitre fiom <strong>rh</strong>e tuk ofhedling e otd pe6on, In the f.rmcr
6., tr is aough to clar !w' dl $€ obs6ct6 <strong>rh</strong>ar hind.r dpansion <strong>ri</strong>d

Mntiin lhc larcf, wc n!3t nrnurecvery$in! diar Nisb tnc d*cir
(1\o &tu s, CYr' 1 , p. 74)
o For dede, Jung says:
Th. r&sition fiom doming ro rfte@, mtus a rcvltu<strong>ri</strong>on of <strong>rh</strong>c
dli.r valu6. Th.E @ <strong>rh</strong>. uBenl n€d ro appdid. <strong>rh</strong>. valu olrtE
oppdit. ofou fom.r idakt ro D.circ <strong>rh</strong>r .tur in ou fomd
conviclioni lo cogiia ih. unbnn, lnd ro f*l ho, much rd.gonism
rnd cvcn har€d lry in <strong>rh</strong>d! un<strong>ri</strong>l now, hld p$.d for loc. Nor. fd of
<strong>rh</strong>oso who iE dhwn 'nro ft. (onnkr oloppor ksJer"sn.v.rJ4l re hd
hld pE! ioEly Frcd b <strong>rh</strong>.a good ud *onh {<strong>ri</strong>\ ,nC fo.' .he} rrJ ro
livc in @mpl.c oppoli<strong>ri</strong>on ro <strong>rh</strong>.k fmd .8o, Chug6 ofpofasion,
dirc@, ElidN anlutsiotu, !D6l$i6 of arcry dBcdptioo, e <strong>rh</strong>.
.- syf,rtohs olllrk sing et lre|ll'..4/ryn tl||o F.says, C|| 7, p.75)
' As'dira ro Jug d<strong>ri</strong>ng yol<strong>rh</strong>, ou psychotogiotJour., .s rosrd tn. *odd,
.i cxrravsllng proc4' Du<strong>ri</strong>ng$c niddl. d*q hc p6i1s,tna ploces rakes o! an
orpciic diudon,.n idrcvening on. Fordellils,seC,c,Jung,,TheSkgesofLif.,,'
Cr3(Ijndo( Roun.dge, 1991), pp, 387,403. Thclhdcotmtdtif.oisk h3tudid
lndcr thc b@od @cgones. Thc ti6r ercgory Elstes lo tn. midtif. cisis wi$out
hiSnligrning epad. D3lh6 of d.hlopmdt lq mt6 a.d a.dt.s. For MDlq s
Mumy S'.i\ l, M'dlik ,1JnAe P,prcrw (O,lks TX. Sp ngpubtrdioB, t98t;
Eug.m S<strong>ri</strong>cklind. Midly'? llrdshoouSll OnL Brcdvt.r PE* 2OOZ), O<strong>ri</strong> c C,tb.n
B<strong>ri</strong>n, Csl D. R'4Ied Ronrld C. Kst.t, Hov Heatthy aE tye? A NdiMal Sto& oI
W.l|-being ot Mldlf. (Chiagr: Uniwdity ofchideo h!$, 2OO4); M,* Oefti,
Lk@try b Midtf.t TMtry rat Cfk& /,r, a O?sr (Bosroni Shambhata, 1996)j Sh.ry
L. wil is md Jd6 D. R.i4 / t4 itr th. Middl. Plt<strong>rh</strong>otoe,col oad Sa.iot ONtopneat
]n Middl. ase lstn Oi.Eo. C.titof i A@d.mic pEs. I eee), Mr !h F. r<strong>rh</strong>m!;,
Ednboot oJMkIiL D.vLpM! (N.w Yoft: wil.y. 200 | )j Sls Ctrd.lt, ?ti,hra
.'bott t6mv: R.iMtins pn.lf at,$diC (Nd Yod( w6q wcltne, 2OO7i
MfBd Dnbbl., t ./&,{s? (Nw Yo*: Kmpi l97t; p.t Barba6 Kmrlyir. ,"Th.
Bomd Fil6: l,orc.nd Sd s1 Midtif.," ll/ prwrt (F.bd.ry 20, 2006): pp. 50-56. Ni<strong>ri</strong>
O_!bde, r-tart obade: Hcinddnr Eduqlional Bookr, 1993)i c. coli.n, ,"fh. Mr,il5
or<strong>rh</strong>?M:dlif.Cnib,"Ner?/..t'ian2006' p.32&Dp.84-86:B,adteyJ det,
''Midltf. Risk F.croE rnd Halrb Stdiqt in Men: JtW ft? Jovnol ot the a^.rkm
Lt.dko!-lwirtton 19 12006): pt 296120. Tn. M $b

.Dd tm Btstl-Gur\ /ora ,, /Arl. (Nd yo*: plouh As1 t 98i); Mnsdi
..d D.lton Kuul<strong>ri</strong>E,'Hat<strong>rh</strong> for L|FE: A Midlif. Cuid. for Woh.n." fr'ds,,*
(Jmu.ry I t, 2007r: pr. ,8- 45.
I Jun3 tudn.r !rls:
Lif. i! s.id 6 bcs.n.q} p@N <strong>rh</strong>ar hs dr a iB goal. tB rua. k
p@bot:c: drnr8yor<strong>rh</strong>, r uchds, ir @16 rs z.nih i m dot.-io.:
<strong>rh</strong>6 i sirkb$eva t.) from whi.h !h. sc. brg.n. Ms,.,obi.ms
bc4in <strong>rh</strong>m his psycholoSiol cuft h our otphs. wnh nis bi;bsicrl
c!ft. X is &gucd <strong>rh</strong>rl lhk Mc@<strong>ri</strong>d ofdalh is nd t m.E 3yuogijm d
<strong>rh</strong>c grcunds <strong>rh</strong>r( sG ,M g'fu purDos .nd n{ni.C r! rtr 66t of
trr., hc shoutd ailo gur <strong>rh</strong>d io tift! dMr. Ir ir rbr.d rlur fE
@ffi6 01|n. e. h6 .xpE!.d in rfi. gMr ctig,od of rfi. eo d, k
<strong>rh</strong>.r <strong>rh</strong>.E is som. bn ot@n<strong>ri</strong>nul,ono if.an..d.,<strong>rh</strong> Ilrt_cw6.,
how.wr, c<strong>ri</strong>gios b.tief h! bcn dev.tu.d. sincc <strong>rh</strong>edli8hrmn.n!,
Etigto6hMtharawtsh tutfi|]ingfel6r. Tl<strong>rh</strong> vlow h &unted by thc
coficnlion thar EtigioB rrnbols @ <strong>rh</strong>c podlcr of <strong>rh</strong>c na1lmt tit ;r thc
unen,cioE od, a {ch, th., c d t@51 tnc *.nti!t ltu<strong>rh</strong>s of '@t
Fychologic.l dnE a find @unl ot<strong>rh</strong>c m6in3 of dad, is hctd !o b.
b.tond rlc sF of& apidcd ei.G ud <strong>rh</strong>. oDlbilnie ofdE
hu'M inhller T.LD.dr, Md <strong>rh</strong>. Eiou phdono, of
Fnp3,(ho,ogl/. e disu!!.d a Den<strong>ri</strong>ng .vid.nc. <strong>rh</strong>.r <strong>rh</strong>e tsych. i,
6p.bl. ofbec?ndin! <strong>rh</strong>. epadime 6linuum. tr ie @Ttud.d <strong>rh</strong>ar <strong>rh</strong>.
p!y.h. hd a fom of ox virlc bcyond jpa€ ond <strong>ri</strong>mc ond <strong>rh</strong>us pdrk6 of
wist ij inadequlhty rnd s),mbotj6ly d6o<strong>ri</strong>b.d d .erniry ("trr!.dE drd
Dthhict ofthe p,Nhe, ctr L p.204).
C.C lu,E, n Stutue ond Dratui! af th. rs<strong>rh</strong>., cw Itp. aon: pnntun
Th. rdsu b dhr! idm<strong>ri</strong>d ,im , rypic.t ..<strong>ri</strong>tudc donidr.d by .
<strong>ri</strong>net.Drchotogicd tunc<strong>ri</strong>on, ror.ffdc by <strong>rh</strong>inkn& ftetirs. o;
i ui<strong>ri</strong>on ftn orcj,dcdier rccsii 6rtB in rF. (ta<strong>ri</strong>r Epslion
of<strong>rh</strong>.o<strong>rh</strong>e' tunc<strong>ri</strong>onr rn cone.qu-e. <strong>rh</strong>. p..$na .s ,n ob)kd @ ,fc
individudl,dev.tooF.nr Th. dhotLr,or or<strong>rh</strong>. pc6ond ir<strong>rh</strong>e:fo( M
,^_ indLp.B.bl. condhion for trdird$ior lN, E rdr!, Cw 7. p.2C1)
Thougn i.h6ion, s nun.o6 his@.ic.l *nn6s6 rdii. orc j3
ftitizld. jEpiE4 rqcn.d.d od Eb.m. S.tf.inc!b!<strong>ri</strong>o,\ ;Icaliga<strong>ri</strong>on
Md inrovdior e ctGty ret<strong>ri</strong>cd id.!s. rnneFion in
on6.lf(inrow6io. is ! p.n.r6<strong>ri</strong>o. inio <strong>rh</strong>. unknscrosdo dh.rm.
tin e ic;sntsynbolt a/fnn{tnatio4 a.t9t)
cc. rns stkbo\ ot rran.lund,,a, ci5,pn;(bn: r,.n!.ror UnneF.y D{{,
- rr InlungF}tholog/ihcapBion.,t&k,ismalt-mcompsrmrcnlo
@moc dy psychic plncrtmodr'.ni.ld.r'tueion <strong>rh</strong>d 'lmins
uu.krdl.d8.d/ud.rclop.dnn6id,
_ -' se Muy AM Mib4 J48n P,!.hotoe, D p.Bpeh\. (t\tu y o^: fn
FEPre'' |985).pp.8l{a.
_ - ' Th. iilowt md tne .iotdi.r" R rrchd}?Qt qergra fo. E8uta<strong>ri</strong>n3 our trs.
rmuuz63rudy <strong>rh</strong>. ihoe s "cqr s@i6.h\ed by d.ry m,1(66." seeter,
\@or, ud !rgc) ed h.sn lmo<strong>rh</strong>.r, compMjon, alrr@n, m.di.<strong>ri</strong>\) Ih.y allo
orl.a he onrn-k\qt oppdirsi h.<strong>ri</strong>agc, hd mdu<strong>ri</strong>ty. Se( Tcd $. cuz.ed
256

Nolq Mo@. Cuie, 160!, M0 ond tfond: E@ yov "creat stry" Shtues yot
Drs<strong>ri</strong>ry CNcw York Paulhr PE$, 1936,
'' MooEandCillctk dlso.nptoy <strong>rh</strong>. is.Aeot"wffiiof , !o.xpt.in 6e pslchic
ea6/ ofhotihion md innidiE in mcn duing $c fid Dhs. of dcwtopmmi. ]ne
"WMioayi.ld! ro <strong>rh</strong>atof<strong>rh</strong>."L!E (.rr!.hmdr/€nMiviry) in fi. middlc,Cq
FM dE oppo<strong>ri</strong>r. diE<strong>ri</strong>o4 <strong>rh</strong>.y .r3u, <strong>rh</strong>. Lo€- endg, p .ys s e<strong>ri</strong>E ot. i; eirts
*tus &vs wy ro rld or$. "Wdioa in <strong>rh</strong>c mddl? !9.. Rob.n L. Mdc hd DoWt6
Gill6.. Ki,A, wdnoL Masiciu, Lbwr: Rati'wins the .4tch.M4 .f k ltatu,
,Vdali,. (Se FMds: Harpcr, l99l )_ Ourn6 de folto*s lnc qm. hod.t. H. es:
'I h. diffdins tim.{at6 ofhrt.Md tFst.dodoph.nr n found ar
<strong>rh</strong>. dis betwen <strong>rh</strong>c lovq ind lh. Wt<strong>ri</strong>or. Young tcEit6 e flNded
wnh Lov.r m.r6, in adot*cence *bitc young mot.s e flood.d M<strong>rh</strong>
Wdior endg/ 01 .hc @c !gc. Hord.r, m.n and wom.n ps ach
o{jer al mid-lif. on <strong>ri</strong>t uis. Thir is 15€ so@ ofso msy divoB snd
$ much inb-gcnd.r ntund6l,nding. .Ial a <strong>rh</strong>c *one .r nidlife is
pou<strong>ri</strong>.g !p ido h.. .ggBio4 h.r w<strong>ri</strong>d, a M h dirowdn3 .h.
op.ning ofhii hqr! hL Loc_ ft"y Fs €ch o<strong>rh</strong>d in rtE ni8bq
lit.dlly ps acfi othF i. t|'. .iShr. I mr you to liinl .bour ios <strong>rh</strong>is
ditr m€ h .@mosty 3ia.i6dt tt foltos foh <strong>rh</strong>is <strong>ri</strong>.r <strong>rh</strong>.
r6jctu.y orp.Mnil d.Elopm.nr k €didtty ditt Enr for m.n ed
rcmm c,_23),
D. GlrnDn, Reclain .t Ptue6: M.n ond wanen in tatq Ub (N.w yotk: Bsic Books,
193?). San fFm the above anelc, <strong>rh</strong>c i\r& p.<strong>ri</strong>od, b avcr for Tt,c$uq n! cf rns6 ro
.h.r of .'lov?i" Fordehils,FRob.n L, MooE, Th. Arch.rrpcof lii<strong>rh</strong><strong>ri</strong>on: socEd
Spre, Rito.l Plo6, sd Pmmt Ttujtomation (philadctphi4 pA: XIibrL
CorpoE<strong>ri</strong>on, 200l); Robcn L M@rc a d Dolgts 6ittd. Moorc, fh. Low t<strong>ri</strong>thi,:
leakA .tt L|.r i, ttu pttah. (N* Yo<strong>ri</strong>c w. Morcw, t 99O),
" Th. 6d p6r ^/.le poi is d. p6yclotqj€t bidl fton a Jlrgid F6p6!ira
TIE @nd pBm p.int @G ii thc D'ddt. .ge Qs<strong>ri</strong>ng lung Milna pus <strong>rh</strong>? ,d..
'Ar <strong>rh</strong>.3r6k of n6n ln. d6c.nr beci6, And <strong>rh</strong>. dclcht mtus <strong>rh</strong>c
E6d of rll <strong>rh</strong>. id4t! ad valu6 lhd wrc chdish.d in $.
nonrne...,qcsnnor livc <strong>rh</strong>..ncmoonof liLa.6rdin8 rolh.
prc3lffie of tifc\ nomiigj for whal wa eor in <strong>rh</strong>. mominE wiu bc
li6l. ar dening Md shal in <strong>rh</strong>. momins m rae wi .l @i;g harc
b*om a lie. (Jung, .Sug6 of Lif." CoIaEd watkt,V.t. L
PlE8llpbs t3, 734). Byciic a.r8/ (psychotogist tit bt@d) is
dynmic md whft t 5ks h.rc b€n 3u6cidly @npl.t i, cndgl shitu.
Onm sonElt'cE @und <strong>rh</strong>e niddl. of lif., .n r ! suttici. Moqt of
.rly liG qpssion od 6r.btihn.nq . p€nod olF.vatldjon may b.
sf.d for. h -. h.d of midd.y.un <strong>rh</strong>* tn.1g! inpornr ro <strong>rh</strong>. mom,n8
esnro o*$.nmcrniT. T\\!rdedr-droutscrk.MSlt60oand
othcrw.rrd.rctoped ap@! of p.6on.tity m'y bcgin ro fetincomptec.
And olhs 6perg ol ou! Iiv.s dd prych6, inctuding ou undcv.toDed
inL<strong>ri</strong>or q. tudion(3,, onh bdom. 6hpd ing and/or dic$.ng
(Mitr6 {bs'G, peilhsB o<strong>ri</strong>*in!t),
rurS cica ! myo'olocic.t ERion of fte6 s b turr. of foilw in
individuiioo. H. s:r.:
Tnis is mr<strong>rh</strong> logie!, Ep'.sicd in .h. I.g.nd ,nd p.<strong>ri</strong><strong>rh</strong>ous yho d@d
!o lbdud P6.pho* nom $. untwdtd. TtEy tTi@s md pdi<strong>rh</strong>orsl
dhd a c]]sm in <strong>ri</strong>c g!v. ofCotonus md d6c.nd.d inro <strong>rh</strong>. bowh ol
257

th. dh. When rl.y toum <strong>rh</strong>d <strong>rh</strong>e) hod goqn id b $e rccl!, and
@urd nor ise.In o .s qod!. l}.y m.ined jucl ir ft. no<strong>rh</strong>erlnd rcE
16r ro lh. upF *orrd l|@r N(. in srr6ot, oltudtulrtuio4 c,N ,, p.
Follosi.g tu.8, l.f. !t$ ftmioN lh. ce s o dspt.. Sb. $'s:
Auq pdydorogidlty @lidft4 ir lRh ro <strong>rh</strong>. ru-fa.l mirnr k bG
rnd $e 6nto6 otlh. @ c<strong>ri</strong>re scon$ious so ovcFowoiig, lhit $t
clo-p.Fonatity is hltd qp<strong>ri</strong>vc or .wn smpt.rety shairded biih.4 so
iilrMJ.pospcr ofh6hngcom.rro no<strong>rh</strong>iT. Such prnenB iratc
sMmbcd 6 .ih. f.E of IlEu sd p.ui<strong>rh</strong>our, sho o6@nd.d inb
H.d6 sd sN f.i !o itE ek! ofdc und.Mdd (50,6 r, .mpi6is
Anicl^ t.fh.fh. Wh olMeMs rNN yo,k. p6m.s Sons. re / t).
^ -" Ttu-midlii. crnis 6u y rtrugh, ro b.gn ar fd) For eMpk. ree Dav.
Ed1y, b. 8i,y t !'6 40 0.t.|9 f o*. Crcyn, 1990r.
. ,. . ',Junt {ir.s a nylhotog:qt hRor of Tnqu, s ,n .epk of ,liturc :n
Thir t r ntlh togi..lty frrtls.d in r lq.no Md pddDB who
wlad ro ar'dud p6s.phon. fDm rlE dd.M d Th.y JTfiec ed
P.<strong>ri</strong><strong>rh</strong>o6 | enEEd r chM jn d. goE ofcotond ud d6md.d imo
<strong>rh</strong>..hNk of <strong>rh</strong>t dt^. \rn.n ihq found rfdrl^.J had gmq td ro rf.
rcca. rd lodd nor <strong>ri</strong>r.. h o<strong>rh</strong>s *ordt. d.J Em,rr.d n,c( ir ^c
morrFmd *er td ro <strong>rh</strong>. Lpoo s ottd I toat rc,e, Srqbak oI
Tto^sto.datian, Cty S. o 292r.
FollowingJungJNtrc ah. m.mioB <strong>rh</strong>c6.s s.sot. Sh. sls:
4q ptddo8rqny @Eid.Ed. ir Jr.<strong>rh</strong> b ,\c ,urf.el nigh, w[ b.
oucr qry 6ud. 6. 6p.rr.e of lh. ha ertd mry b. b fscrding
e $. .futs of<strong>rh</strong>. 6 diE q@nsiols so owpowin& lhlr <strong>rh</strong>.
.aeF6oni<strong>ri</strong>ty tr h.td @p<strong>ri</strong>v.oI ewn@Tpt.rc /,\airerd btth.n, so
ndet poster of h..ting coffi ro no+.rg Su(f patidBfr\.
ru(lmkd !o,<strong>rh</strong>e frr. ofTF€.u. and p.irnho.!, who deseld.d.rb
HdG md sB fan ro <strong>rh</strong>. octj of'n ldcvdid (tlrth
pp.605I, emDhais min.t.
"lM;;;;
.., ,'Fordditt,.sThoruBu[ ch, "Lsbynn<strong>rh</strong> sd Th*B,- !r,r/I,.n ]
ttttot er(NdY..\ CtwmdDuir.B tetjJ. ItZ-t56. My6!hlFbe,!.jcn
sE d 'gh rom diff.cI p.6p6 B. For .xmpt., cd;pbfjt s.yr.
llrl:to$lb b.M incDd.d by |}c rodcn 1. *r6! p<strong>ri</strong>mir v.,
tutrbtiry_effor .o do e- rt. wytd otrduE LFnz.,): &, prodld,on of
po.Ici 0n6y <strong>ri</strong>lr p(hkron! | a4 mhurdcared b) su*eorngi3.
tMrtts):6 arpGirory ot. egoacal iBruc<strong>ri</strong>on. @ smp. <strong>rh</strong>.,ndrvidual
1o ]li gbup (Dudncint: s a goup dtw, rrnp,oruuc otrahdypd
urE6.<strong>ri</strong><strong>rh</strong>in <strong>rh</strong>. d.Dd, of <strong>rh</strong>. hlma Fychc (Juns). 6 Lr. brdnioill
@d. ot hm ! pbtoud<strong>ri</strong> mdphFiol imighB rcl)o@$My)i 4d
aadt kEla<strong>ri</strong>on ro Htdrtdm trtk Ch!rchr MylhotoE/ E rtJ;i
rc.. I m v&o6 judgnoB m ddfiin.n by r. v:ewpo,nbor<strong>rh</strong>.
km nor ot<strong>ri</strong>ar i E bur o<strong>rh</strong>oq n
jud8a, Fd r hen $tuhniz.d
turcrrn&orro$ ir hu ,.Md 'n mskind ,n <strong>rh</strong>c os(ofhowir ma) s.nc
bey, ntlholog/ shows ihtf ro b.s Moabt.s tif. icetfro d.
1,9,fl Hx:jc"H.j: ;r* individur,,h. Ee,,h. ia. (.,,/.D
258

lwph.C^pb.ll. fh. E.to eith a tto6@d t,4 (p<strong>ri</strong>n@n: p<strong>ri</strong>neton UniEurry
Pn3rf 963). Jqg od JunSjs rd nydr G -prcho+roSEphy- ot.vdl hm; '
rAcloyd inr.irErs
Tr$luC joum.y b rn. L,byin<strong>rh</strong> fom a junSiM
Your roul-imagc u ll tdd yor ( onscros clo sarr J inro <strong>rh</strong>. uncohc.oE
sd eEry out ae.in whm Ti*B na!.d b poehrc <strong>rh</strong>. Irbr dn<strong>rh</strong> in
( 4 m od.r b st'y <strong>rh</strong>. m'@6 Minobu, <strong>rh</strong>. lln Anrdrc, wi<strong>ri</strong> lE
hd,.nahred him io go h sd 6nd hE r.y olr .e<strong>ri</strong>n rk fo owrun8
atu <strong>ri</strong>niic hn {ory irro psychotqicrt r.m3. <strong>rh</strong>-t,by<strong>ri</strong>n<strong>rh</strong> na!u@.
ot <strong>rh</strong>. un@isnlr !h. mocrd h <strong>rh</strong>. ftghldinE ,nd <strong>ri</strong>d(njnE aF{,
orlrrc\c-inouru161{ioshabeer nc8j.d-drnd h6<strong>rh</strong>.Efo(,gone
,rd : <strong>rh</strong>. sbyirg or <strong>rh</strong>. tudE mds LminS <strong>rh</strong>d $ itd, unruty roE
n Dnn&ng it hdq @eitu @nht. Thc ,h<strong>ri</strong>nd o b.
l@mpBM. bwE oty by Io€ (A<strong>ri</strong>dnF |}t r6in,na) - ofl, oy
!@pnng <strong>rh</strong>. rcgtd.d d,n& honodng h &d wt6m:n! ir inro Nr
h6nsio6 (Acttuvd mb .r.
tnc ^.tntd. t\. rrdi,id"dkn i.es. Jo;n1 To Mok4a., ae
mm qtuy/w mqhd'ld$nbotg.on> (2007).
Ti. laltnn.h" i! r gEph'c slnbot f*r,. ery.r,i" r"*roning run8,d w,EB otun
e-ir rorqpl.hiry lh.npoints rohNion odoys<strong>rh</strong>.symbol tudptr,n,ighB,d€ of
tno|a6 dqirg midliG. H. ets:
A trby'idh is in arci.a lymboJ tnar Et!r6 ro who,tra. ft(omb,n6!h.
,nrg.ry.r h! on |c Md <strong>rh</strong>. spnrt inro , rtudn .C bj puFolcfd, p,<strong>rh</strong>
r. uDrrn<strong>rh</strong> mEhE !joum.y,oourown (enk, and b&k 4! n;u,
rnro<strong>rh</strong>. *orjd. bb<strong>ri</strong>nd,h!( tons ben rrcd 6 med,brcn edpEye
bk. A tibr<strong>ri</strong>n<strong>rh</strong> k o fth.ryF vi<strong>rh</strong> wh<strong>rh</strong> *c s haE r drEt
apdi.ne. wc6 e[ iL n R, n.ophor for Lt tjoum.] tr ir l
slmer rMr .M6 .Th!r
i slcEd !p&. bd Dte &d hk.s B our otoq .Bo b
-- whjch k w,tnjn"(Johnnd sb<strong>ri</strong>t.).
-_, ..--" -Adi{Cs.lop.ms1 B i<strong>rh</strong> h-h rum p6,rlt.h pirt^ Hmh. roD ii !h. ptiJ,
d0 h4 d.r*en8 hrs b.tov.d r e atsd sr<strong>rh</strong> rl. <strong>rh</strong>fr. ofDem.hur LhE! ro do
s:ru qbndeM $e
In h. sMds Fdlc iudi6 fi. pt., ro fta .L:hd! jnroTh6ru.
Eyh. w Dugr4 FExq "a MidlhE Nj3hts D'an s c.hjc Eio of |tE.a |h.
Mytlt- ,1 tlidtunn NEh, i D,&,. (ed. L cloE<strong>rh</strong>q ' K.htF (L.ndon:
Koufl cdlq r993), pp.2tt274.
--_.-,.. -n'eJr m:!dns: of!h. ptay ft{ulingon <strong>rh</strong>clo(idrso. o,osrotspRts or,ts
6,ncrB,ro' *rpr.,rkBrb?B F,*do-, Dk.F,su nspoqe, c.;sobhi;,nd
rcpE$nurcn m A,Midsnnd Nigl-ts Dt.m,. voSug tA. Cu" p^tdod.dh^,
:?l.4?ratEB, d sihok tp@n co,.dy ttou€. co@t, Un,vcRjr, pJBr r9oi.
r r+_r 9 r; chd<strong>ri</strong>. Llen.L"Dhfigu<strong>ri</strong>ne \yond wioh Medinc Trp6: a Rh.@<strong>ri</strong>al
@ne d A M@umn+ Nistt ! Dr@.- / Mithtun.t Nisht.: betu.l.d,) o.dtp
"'.,.. J'llfl ,;l ::"J:tlf l;tit;i,ll,,liiii!?li:it",,1?: lLTt#"y
:1Tl=-i:.y:*..,r -g TTy
ru<strong>ri</strong>e ru on ;c sy.uo i,. ro. pytr,oL6ar
orEopnM wab aphi6 fi. hblaind nvn spinMvEv.hotoscal ii;r of vi;*
=Iif y,i_.T h. *Ll!., !9Si, 0r- v*r,. i,",,guin e'oor1 . v,/,. pp.2 r-2a. a Lo
G.(.d' HlliFbrrnd, z/6 QLrEJr FoR lf toDLtFE, e(A.d on I t. t -2a08 ftam
ru!r nnpy/M.apraeiBDe.n.rrnd.x.hht { t 997 !
259

In mlaholooi, <strong>rh</strong>. C.nt4mof hybid n@8. hdtf.-rr, md ha,r hoB?. L
prysob$,-m'r.l!EpEdram) rFboli. m.Min8s. A *nG,\@T-.,.) h.p
-
ExpEioB tuch 6. otif! Lkc a pig piSdr hotirgror@nc Soing to
w oogq bxy rdr, pKy .nd bich $rk. in da gB. ptryboy buny,
3tonoom a-. mut. 6 nb. qt, ! t*, qr hiroh in I ncc'rjv. tighi
*rorn ou (hni'in md d.Etopndbj ftan?@ w. dMtu. <strong>rh</strong>?
!n'm!tki<strong>rh</strong>in 6 *. a +c on. t<strong>ri</strong>rt-ourj sh,ch clr tsd ro idrnS.rou!
depi.tio-n within.u psych. of'b@lh oftif., of!oul.,Itrlsopo;r! to
our prorolnd ahbivnlen@ rowards norurc.id <strong>rh</strong>e,nimats $ hc.
EpBcn6ti$. This ur8onbtic shd lowlrds MluE h6 dddg.rcd
our DIed dnh ed r]@N b d.hdd ou roLh ,A.itut !116r
'nh.i.bly
FDr*nr iN<strong>ri</strong>mb eha w lM <strong>rh</strong>.n in dtus od e<strong>ri</strong>E
imlaiM<strong>ri</strong>on. E<strong>rh</strong> oimlt EpE.nij . ditl.Gnr iB<strong>ri</strong>ncr or, ,r ,ou pEtq i!
rno<strong>rh</strong>B spd oftdind. ct.ihcd Jbgid oalysr Barbm H!tu.h in
h.-.1954 Ca( Do3. fd HoM Ldc. Ar\dynr. psy(hotogiqJmd
rmr! drnim.ls in dtldr, hnbi6 srd myrB s @nieF oflout, s
G_odi.a_'djvine ink ilal rubch<strong>rh</strong>ono@ pow.d deMdinS 6pef
(Buchholtz wb3ic)
x aehsll! N f,om , oEt onBin. B*.6u, sod of win. ,id ftnzy. tts
YII :id f 9vF?, .a@Lu.rs o, ody$,m 0B'6 G 6sci.ren mlh . soup
ot thcn dddng in . fitnzied fch.o.. Tt6 fioF psycnotogi@t ooid of vi.s. <strong>rh</strong>.y
FptlbB drmd'oB md pbionr.clDeia , dunnryou<strong>rh</strong>tu|s,ge ofshrg
pbjcnos wiroushb) srF:
Dion'.u wa <strong>rh</strong>e god ofoinot lif. s Ml G of vlsdabt. tif.. As such
h. I wioBlr Ep|Bar.d in ditrffir &iml fom' Ir B incvirlbt.
<strong>rh</strong>t| tts. Minut dboditM6 sh@ld b. v<strong>ri</strong>.d in diffard ro.di<strong>ri</strong>6. tn
. goid<strong>ri</strong>ng oud.y !h. nomlt Ep@lrton of ln. povr.f ljG od
a.cEljon sutd b. li. 8oal. And so w h!v. v.no6 fmd
th@phbi.s of Dionyls @ord.d in cek tiLr.ruc. Eu<strong>ri</strong>pide, choru
ofBrcchcnak. tore\anpt., rfus v&iordy invok. <strong>rh</strong>e.soj i rfrn
^pr*r !Dp@, yh!!r..wr <strong>rh</strong>y 3hrpc or tM.
O Mou$fi B! , SEI. oftc Hu.L.d Han a
Lionof6. Bum'ns Ftm.l
O cod, Bat Mts.y, comcl
By f& th. ndr gen.r y @or.d drd Ton,E.itcsnr of<strong>rh</strong>e hii.l
.mbodim.N of$.30d. howv.r,ls rtar ord bd,. Tl e( qm.
nuhnud.ofcut' +p. dih!chph6:nT \tr conc.p<strong>ri</strong>or ofD or)sur. H.
'o b<strong>ri</strong>ousrr sddBcd 6 <strong>rh</strong>. "hone! ch, td., r\c ,hom?d (hr).,r\c
"bull-homcd,. ed r "bu .bbwd." ft. Alg,v6 rGhrp.d hihr th.
s orr @w. or"bult.boh,..nd <strong>rh</strong>.uocnr Et.rn.hmr.dd@d him
diGrlrs.but "Con.,h.bOiony56,com.sir <strong>rh</strong>.cm6b<strong>rh</strong>,
ho@ by <strong>rh</strong>.sho6 or<strong>rh</strong>. s4 hdm r<strong>rh</strong> dy bu rtoor.,s. tu <strong>rh</strong>.lFn
iBdi |l^<strong>rh</strong> 'h.chorus qaGd.smdt) bu , sooo r b,t, ,oie Edii
rca l!, rl!o. <strong>rh</strong>lr r\e <strong>ri</strong>d.n€of <strong>rh</strong>c k.nS&-on ar a.hero, wher <strong>rh</strong>;
ed nMiaAr b('lwn Drenysu .nd <strong>rh</strong>. Bs tinns w6 @.eb6rd, ks
cllt.d <strong>rh</strong>c boutohon, or -o\ .!.lT {Wi oughb, E.Uy

Held R- Wilfoughby, "DIONYSIAN EXCESSES," p/tc,4N RECENEM|\ONI
sTrJDy oF MyafERy NTTUTIONS Ir nlE Gt 4ECdROillN q'ORLD I tng\.
.e.slcdon l2-3-2008 fim htur'/w.kEdn*j.m/ctr/d,,nd).
.
" Jun8 .frplo),s diferenr r.m! for $c rnim!.o<strong>ri</strong>cnred porentiats. B.sid6 E$,
h..l@olls irtnrf.mininc D<strong>ri</strong>nsoc For insbq Junc evs.
Tn. fisuB of r;u ud Miru s lky;;r m ,he &rEl ofth.
Cold.n FloE e u.ty2.d md cMpd.d @ ln. pa.d 6Mpts ot
<strong>rh</strong>6. r.tu r{ninE <strong>rh</strong>un) E rrEmsutin.p<strong>ri</strong>ncipre oed. iighn
bu<strong>rh</strong> $d <strong>rh</strong>d n..1 .n r ddh. b dr p.r<strong>ri</strong>on of sp,nr o, 3od Gha).
A.<strong>rh</strong>!{Co) ir, f.fi.rc pin(ipt. o,in) <strong>rh</strong>ir d.n.n& b h..,nn,n,
dr.Olndbmr*ad.molrkreir.,Th.pj)(hotogsr{cognrz*<strong>rh</strong>e
rn h.a M sutononou unconscioBpircipt. idel,itisbk $th lhe
rffdrE sidc of rfi. neutjn. psych. Md <strong>rh</strong>. kh.D!. of! <strong>rh</strong>.
dpc<strong>ri</strong>.'E of @ witl! mnh. T1E tm ljgos B pirfstn ro <strong>rh</strong>d of
eih8 t. dcfiniry d& ctrny of clryio6n6 ind a<strong>ri</strong>on.liry of <strong>rh</strong>c
maculina p.ycnc ainc. <strong>rh</strong>.s. lh@cktinis rE uiiveurt. iol Dffiidl.
rde in shup (onvsr ro Lhe rRonat d.rr, Indh(u$ingrti.
plycholoE/of wo6cn,<strong>rh</strong>.|mMinusisE<strong>ri</strong>inedroindic .lhco6iinrcllEruat
t&'o' il r\. r.min'ne p!ych., @n! strso<strong>ri</strong>nr..io,judsnenL
or ophros Anjm6 l5 sna d inf.<strong>ri</strong>or bsos j6r 6 uim.,n
n&uli.. Fycloto8/ jr b6r dsib.d s & intd-o. E .s. Tn
ch@i.<strong>ri</strong>sje of LoldGd.fin d 6 dif.rcdiatioG ctaific!|id.
dilcnh n.<strong>ri</strong>on Ind d.hhfr.nr; <strong>rh</strong>ec of Eds,n,cftavi Md
rcl.r.dn.$ Ar'ru n tunh*detr.d u a p.For, i@r,on ofiF.
uh@nscDs i. gen.Et, r b<strong>ri</strong>dge b.teen <strong>rh</strong>c con$iaus .nd <strong>rh</strong>.
un@ s.iou \Alcltnet Stud'6, Ctv 13, D. jal
c.c )ut?- atch.di.ot l/rttia. ctt B (pnnftn. pnE bi L;, e6iy pdi t _ 96s).
Trr shrdow-fi8@ In. tugrtiw sid. or<strong>rh</strong>. .go, E s*6lti phc.d in !fic
Flond uMNo.a in |h. JungiM nod.l. tr bu.Iy !Dpa^ ,n dens 6 ft. *ne s
n8!e rorffprq *n s.e i, 6. dr* nrt. tgu. md lom.1s dr( tmdco... For
ddi<strong>ri</strong>e_C G Jun& s,D,A o/rrondaqdian.p t83:whi,aod,
gr.a
na.t,r,/rc
p. l60oip 2a9ofi: wittrer, ptocr.at p,r.hotog, pp. 96 |2, H.la.d L,nda),
lt:.!!a oJ filhahryt eD. t21t 24: Man@a J8sin psthatas, h p.'sp.c!iw. pprJ./.,
rmftn.1 I E .quard wi<strong>rh</strong> cvir it its m.n hy<strong>ri</strong>ot smse. rd hrtc dpr<strong>ri</strong>N <strong>rh</strong>c
p|!.6"orrcnb<strong>ri</strong>on *'<strong>rh</strong> oN sddkr$." se Anrta lrrL.,cood dd Evit;,.tt.
Wh ol Mni,s,N.w Y6l PurM, r97h.pp.o

_.
t h <strong>rh</strong>is cg.!d, N.men conner. frm, lbdds trom frtlhologi@l p.BFctivc.
Thc A+ pol.ofinspia<strong>ri</strong>oi isthc 1006 ofdivin. vnEjns and <strong>rh</strong>c Musca,
*ho E apeB ofh Nhctyprt, i6piE<strong>ri</strong>otut figure. Ilje vj4inlt A<strong>rh</strong>..o
rnd An.mis G EbGn ro <strong>rh</strong>ir potq bd thcy <strong>rh</strong>o havc olhcr @npoi6ls.
A<strong>rh</strong>..q a I pFH.ttoic, CEtln mo'ha, Oodd6s, ltso b.tonps lo Dol.
M+: Aninisj a c@! codds, inctudB an.ib!@s or<strong>rh</strong>. Ft6. KoL s
dushl.r !.d po<strong>ri</strong>jlt figulq s wI s Me! <strong>rh</strong>c Eslptim aoddBs of
ju!ti.., &d <strong>rh</strong>e ld.r ti8urc of Sophia-wisdoo, should atso bc coml6r.d
_ wiih this pole (cEar Morrar, p. B0).
_ For Mdc, Jun8 .mpfiaticdty etr:
N.l'liv. cldicity h s 8@d s posiliw .le<strong>ri</strong>cily: fiul &d formon ir
is.l..aliciry, Thc $ychotogiet opDcir.s, roo, mst b€ Eglrdd fili !
$i. ific sbdpoinr Ttu o0pcn6 e @d i.@DBinbtq if lh.,
',4 th.y could n.Er unir. (Or Ntu oI Pty.h.. cw B. w r'6-l|r.
F. f,dingcrehs Jung<strong>rh</strong>.n h. $yr -on. b.6r€ conlcioB d one s,btc ro @nhin
.nd mdR<strong>rh</strong>e oppsh6... " of Ptrth.. p t31). uvrtd F. Ldi^aet, A1ot64'
oIth. rsteE Akhcakd S4botnn,r "4ero4, (L! Sc c, tL, Op€rrco n
^rd,orndropr,
Publi<strong>rh</strong>,ng C. . | 935r. Spob fidls j.'3 sm.<strong>rh</strong>inA simrtd, "tr ." whd <strong>rh</strong>c b.lue
bclvm <strong>rh</strong>€ €Mio6 &d unon$ioB tift ir s.<strong>ri</strong>o6ty up3.! yh.n <strong>rh</strong>. l.s of
@mp.@id i3 viollrd. old s imagim o. pot. b.h.vin8 in dr p6r!h? b.h!v,Fg s
q'd8n F odM pok did m' qis G r7). Ans.to sp.!o, ./Ds j rtt e, ( tinoi;
Chircn Publi€<strong>ri</strong>.n!. 1095 r
' For .bnplc, Jung e).:
Thcc *pdid6 ed efl.ctios tad mc !o b.ti.vc thd <strong>rh</strong>eE e errlin
@llerls unmcioE onditioB whtch &r s ESutdots sd simltdu
of carE t @,eviry .Id c.I fonh @GpondinS 6muoB b'
rwi'rylho*rc of<strong>rh</strong>. dininaw'oa md.<strong>rh</strong>t I or tor"z o/
-- PtNtE, Clf 3,9. |1).
.. - Th. thinkin! turc(ion poqdd d M o<strong>ri</strong>obl'on rmt rt , ough to8rc. amtrB
hd hw.6@[] compE$.d 6 "obred v... Johmbn!.xptand on hetp. Ls r.i. in
dhdcitrg ou knowlcd& ol<strong>rh</strong>. poinr und.r dhtu$io!, Hcrrysl
ThinkinB lpDbrchB d.cirjon nsling lh6ugh. tosiet,s.qucn<strong>ri</strong>rl
ptla of .n llzinB drr,! !o diE d ! 6mtBion. Thin*i.g is diErd
row&t3 d iopa$.d finding. h b . 'l6f!te. .pplech to irekion
natinS. Tiin*i4 rDptoy! p<strong>ri</strong>ftipt6 a.d hw. tr k mosl oppbpii . tor
hed lins pmblems lhar !rc of !n impqsomt nlrurt Thiiki;d t obj.d iv.
ond cli<strong>ri</strong>cgl,Thh h the prcdof<strong>ri</strong>nint w6lem modeofnakiiid@i;iom
.nd il und.rli6 the scid<strong>ri</strong>fic dodct. Abour 50tl. oi <strong>rh</strong>. Anc<strong>ri</strong>d
popul.tio, n Tninls. By gcr&r 6c"/o ofmo 6d 4c",4 of NBa G
t'i.ka (Eb6iet.
Dt lo|jtliot\ MAU. M.tanephuir, e6s.d o. 5-2-2008 ion,
U$4n!.o4!xso$41i!iBo'i/ind.$r6 (id).
^ ,, -' h h r n.rk of qp*ihk <strong>rh</strong>ar @md cM b.n be dop@h.d <strong>rh</strong>ough
ta.llngrow. nor lo3ic. A3 Di6say!.
Ir !um: lon&tiv$ by f.din&mdrun nrrdirco\nha onty, b)
allosing hs fte od tuttp.ry ot ietrns. tf nh shoutd b, b d&;Fr hcr
by slbjaning he to @cutii. halh.d of <strong>rh</strong>ougnq we wutd s*ip
.ury, dct dhoEry md <strong>rh</strong>d Enrn. but.rcp,rg cnigna , running
loue or mB.ry ro mf ,(D 243).
262

Wtler DiB, Sho*apzap ailkid.d t sr(, E$ar! (N.* D.,h.: Chaid ,nd
C.mpu',1930).
r: Ju.e $rs <strong>rh</strong>.t ,nisdc culioB 6,. 6@ lnc un@lsoos, h.ne a rcminirc
qu.lity rbout thh. Hc ets:
Ttc (E<strong>ri</strong>E Doc! hG ! t nini*ou,t1y, and ft. cE.rne *o* adl4
rom hsnn oa d.p<strong>rh</strong>F k migh' @t, !i) .roT <strong>rh</strong>e re,lm of fi.
Mo$ed Wl.n.v(<strong>rh</strong>..(r'ive irmc prcdomn d6, tiF i) at.d rnd
<strong>rh</strong>op.d by <strong>rh</strong>e h@Bcols d<strong>rh</strong>s <strong>rh</strong>M by <strong>rh</strong>. lonicioJt qi .ond<strong>rh</strong>.cgo
ir s4pr slong on .n undcrgFund clldt, b.onins no<strong>rh</strong>ing ToE $; a
Frpr6oDs?Mofd.nB (t .,tp<strong>ri</strong>i i. Mdn.9. to7)
c C Jns "OnrlE Rrrdion oI prych;bs, b pdi," n . Spiti, ia ttd, /ta
@d Ltkztw., cv tt (Itjn@n: ^nrlyrat p.inccro uni6iry, t966).
" and!h!e\ c<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>ckn ofTn4tu,tb Evslr our Ln. ofeSum.nr. H. *rs:
Th. rm .rninkne" ,ppta nor obvioBty ro r. etn iD ot Hun. <strong>rh</strong>.n
ro<strong>rh</strong>arorBk*.. hd <strong>rh</strong>ar ir *outd be oddb pliador.c! @ descnb.
somdhns... e "ncrcty objetire". In o<strong>rh</strong>cr wod1 Arcoi nor ontyictps
u toduil Tns.B od6,dwnitup r.\.rprEh.n{onfd
@rly E ional cMpch.n.ioni h. shM ho" Th.$u, l<strong>ri</strong>tod. r.nde
td!(ts ! do3na<strong>ri</strong>c .nd pGitivinjc sk pli.ism. Th6c6 ar3!6 fd
dtue od ct<strong>ri</strong>ry. bd in , *:] tnd &vdu6 ft. obi.dif cteiry ltl
14 'nctldi^g "drc b6r ji lhi! bn4. bc.F6 10 moE <strong>rh</strong>d d
ffld|lining iniqtud. md B&onid !.shrdo*". Th*cut annude rowrts
ad is, orcoursq conskr.nr wiln hLdtui@rotcrc.<strong>ri</strong>ve in'3i.a<strong>ri</strong>oi.,,bur
s. u. rl$ awe otlh.*us & d rne who woJtd pdtuni4 h. au<strong>rh</strong>of
wno cuted him (r.4z,cmDhais,ineL
CEim Badshlq s/'ztup@z ! sr.pr,.;, (Sug: Hl4u, t 9s 7 ).
Bdr'<strong>rh</strong>rw frdls !.ys:
S|EIE fiirE.tf L . towr, h. pt@ njhr.tf in , Mi€ , aal* pdi<strong>ri</strong>oi
wh.n hc r.lb his h<strong>ri</strong>d. *hil toEE. tdi€ .nd pN Nv? ,n @mlM.
Bur<strong>rh</strong>.hubnnic and ,m<strong>ri</strong>on.l chad.r of Ttcr.ur. nhonatilm h n6r
obliosty .xp.sed, in lynbotio lcma by <strong>rh</strong>c .onrst wilh Obc6n.
AIO@gl Th@s (wposs <strong>rh</strong>d \ s b<strong>ri</strong>ona gov.rm.l.xkr d!,hbu8t
th. *ood : obeln ie I tu SEds ood. \ ho (o not! <strong>rh</strong>. tra$er, binis
ind <strong>rh</strong>. rfe<strong>ri</strong>otr In*E *r nor @ognrE htr odsubr.n.on io
mtrcnoa I'bp'u4.Hh6. of fi in8,n toE. or L'lG of<strong>rh</strong>.
ciRuobi.nr uiEe ..tnA<strong>rh</strong>cs. hbcird.tof 't&nmd hw,h.
luprolls Eadi im<strong>ri</strong>@t dg. <strong>rh</strong>6 {i<strong>rh</strong>dnys hk support in <strong>rh</strong>. \ood,.
Sinc.h.hins.rfn I tove, h? pt.6 hins.r in . cod@ y tahe position
kh.n he k,t! hisbnd? wnd tov.6, tudis.nd p*b mv.,1(omnon.
Bur rt^. hub<strong>ri</strong>s<strong>ri</strong>c cd kdiolr. chmdn of Thc*ui. rurors ilm k troi
obvioudy ap.sedi in syrbolic r.rd!' by <strong>rh</strong>o snrst wilh Ob.6n.
Anhoqh Tnetu $ppoi.j <strong>rh</strong>lr his dion J gokrnd Md! trcuSh
<strong>rh</strong>. .aod , ob€on k I ftr 8dcr pe! ,ho @nroh <strong>rh</strong>. @us, binns
rnd $. .frdioB. Th6s *jtt nor @gn,z his om subjdion lo
m'.tqioE <strong>ri</strong>rcp|r)6+ lh6. or fdting in tovq or <strong>rh</strong>* or fi.
cimumbi.nr uniEE.. Ind.cd. pc,sty boulc hc k inrctr,s.n. dd
eiculd., bd di6 ro dtrFUd hii oM momdG ofvilid, he u in lhh
Erpci moE a<strong>rh</strong>k. rln Borof (po. 1 r.4, .r phar,j - ../.
And Bdon i! oa<strong>rh</strong>e vi.w:
Th. lirc ofthe $tlappoinEd oilic of imaSinadon md <strong>rh</strong>c imrtonal i!
p.ma@d by qcrly <strong>ri</strong>olc quati<strong>ri</strong>es he is conccnred ro ninimia or
26!

Ejer cdd}. u\. @m.dy russ* <strong>rh</strong>rl whit. ir i! (?tuinty pNibt. ro
mEt*. ,.bBh fbr ! b.u, on roy atso .F u Th.seus dor( b)
onfoundin8 r senuin. b.* <strong>ri</strong>lh a bush. Th. sccond misrakc is, on thc
whor.. moRdon8.ous (p. 2 t9)
Am. B'ton, .1n@ " "a Midsumncr Nrshfs D€h..(.d.), c. Bj,rdoE, .r rt, IX.
xwa. Matutped. (B6bn. Fl6rn, t914).
-D.nouncinBThe6 n.nbtn. Ho*on sF:
sh*epaE sp.nr h.tf hi! tit *posins <strong>rh</strong>. shd own*otThe.ul.
_Etioarrvi.tr"of rt.hlm.nim.Sindion H..no.dhi.hf.!$olt*lh
mttqu. tables od wi$ fairy roy5, inctudi18Th. Terp6l rd <strong>rh</strong>rcuSt^
L\m aiw hk iudHes r\. oppnMiry b app(hcnd ,br roflnrn ;el
Bon .v* @npEhcnds (0. I 68)
Ati tlotffi. Full Cn l.. Sha*apzo. dd Mdot D.et pdat \hndon: l;,hr@ id
rr A@ding ro ,ung rtF conlciou! diMsion ru*6
prylh. fhc<strong>ri</strong>oninga i hmird foEgrcund ro <strong>rh</strong>e unconscious
Inntr.In poGnndts. ar h. $ys:
Thcrmciols nind noaowr k chmcl.<strong>ri</strong>z.d b, I etujn n0mwnB. Il
6 botd onty . few <strong>ri</strong>mutl!@w @nLnts .l ! givd oomcnr. A| ihc 6r
E b@eiou at <strong>rh</strong>. <strong>ri</strong>mq od E onty ad . son of@ntinuron or r
gd@l lndtudil3 or rnEn6 of , @nscious ertd <strong>rh</strong>ouSh lh.
rM4sio. of con*io6 mmcnr, w. €n ncvs hdld m imagcotrobliry
br6u. our6Mio6.63 ir roo nmw: w. c.n of ysee 1d;6of
.xrr.rk. n b dalr s ifr. seEobF,\ing r16ls,r q dir 5o <strong>rh</strong>d q.
onrt $.r pdicu dmomd'i![ ft. rn i! d.* Md q aE nor rqr ol
{ d <strong>rh</strong>lr nomdr Th.lqof <strong>rh</strong>. u'sciou! ir c romous md !tw.)s
6ndnsq, *hit. 6. .M of @eiollGs ! . e<strong>ri</strong>dcd fi.ld of
n6.nbr} vi5io6. (c7 r 8. d 5).
c 6 JMs_n srrboth r,l.: Me.ran@; w;itins,, cw tg \ptincdon. p.inqton
UniEdity I'rEs, l9?6)
Jung pbpor4 r conlinuoB int.E.tton btun tc oonscious .nd ihr
umotuooB aoeB of<strong>rh</strong>. ptch. so <strong>rh</strong>ar Fy(hic brtmce may b. en..v€d.,r <strong>rh</strong>i,
f en<strong>ri</strong>d k dircn b <strong>rh</strong>a M6eio6, .h. uncon$ios witi ,icld up
rB@ntmB, ed <strong>rh</strong>6. h rm *rI f.lcdry 0E consroG tirfl f;unhi; or
nena 4kr FoimsioBnes is j6( 6 uid6 (he Ln@sios if<strong>rh</strong>.
fe hilrr oro rpdrth,c rt iR s?p@d,MrrkamCo.t,Nioa6,p.
t9)
C;-C,kn:, MNttim,cdiu@io4i! ta rnqLry int the Sqa..t,oa oad snth.:^ ol
r|tic u. ppdta h .4tcha, , cw.4 I p<strong>ri</strong>.ebn: p, inabn unir6ir). I o;J).
ccd r,'oud im4jdion. 6,nr Krv. im&indio.
I M r <strong>ri</strong>y H' lnu .ckmwt.ds6 rn. pos<strong>ri</strong>E &d pr.duc<strong>ri</strong>( otc of <strong>rh</strong>. diA roGi6
AEh.rrtd p.6rdiE.t,ow prr(ho'ogiat urd.ifland,n8 da alarr
rR.. rFE hr mo\s,&iy ltom $. mono<strong>rh</strong>.i* c b,6 rtar -4 fu,co
our h.bituat pOchoto8iot <strong>rh</strong>inkin& kee in 3*.h ofhdhn ntuducr
od q'dr mylh! OLr inram.t 6rt6iom !E i tdk1. .i(h1*. .On.n
rc @ndmn insg6 rd .xp.nc@ s @ng *er, minds e
moh.t<strong>ri</strong>'€ll, pEjudic.d R toed ro s <strong>rh</strong>in8, drrcugh dh.r 6tou.
or o. prmhrc spdrun (t <strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>o"rna p9d,o/osl. p ui. mphsis

Hilna\ta@ pctlltdnspqEhot
er(N.s yo* HfFFprEnnilt. r9q2)
,, Adl.r alF d.rcnds 'h.ginl<strong>ri</strong>on fdr <strong>rh</strong>c po! <strong>ri</strong>E ind (rur v. rct. ir ptai! in.h.
psrchic tunc<strong>ri</strong>oninr H. s.vs;
Nolh.!dos<strong>rh</strong>.Jniqucn.$ofinind,vduatcho,rorccs ylnan 1
<strong>rh</strong>. pbdud olhn fMbtand ofhi>,mgina,iol B) imaCindio;q.
mei $. Eprod$lion of! p.@ption wi<strong>rh</strong>our lhc pEsn€ of <strong>rh</strong>e objei
ielf *h(h gak <strong>ri</strong>e ro ir. In o<strong>rh</strong>d Md! ,nug,n4ion i! Frroduc.d
_ ..
Dccpr'ol'. ldh.r.vid.neof <strong>rh</strong>c(MiE f*utryof <strong>rh</strong>.soutt.5t)
a.d"rd 7t ? l,jyr:,e qdrol. t ce stdy ,z tt. p,u6, oi r.diudwtio; gt.w
Ydk Pdln4i ^nhr, a&*t t96l
! FrcmaJungio poinr ofvi.w, hunln Eldiotuh.F,60*,..ry @nh s{u.t
rd <strong>rh</strong>. p€ychoto8tcrt diff.ftnces b.r4.n a man &d mmo. rn <strong>rh</strong>.;me 6d;r h.
.
Ai inlaid @sciocns omro ipe schb.d ro *ond::rr m.Et,
djfr.d 6!n n@utin. trscro6n6. Butjdsa*mmi:oton
cldlr aeioc ot<strong>rh</strong>ing which I 'M k {i grcpi4 for f <strong>rh</strong>. d:<strong>ri</strong>q s
hlE e n4!6rly rj.td! ofdpcnm jn . mu. which. for *ma! c
jill sBpD.d in <strong>rh</strong>. <strong>rh</strong>d@ ofndnifftrnbdion, chictty ,nings i;
wnich sh. h6 link ini.6r p.6ond ElatioN e s ! nl. noE
impolis1 .nd int@nii8 ro h.r fid obj4<strong>ri</strong>v. f..rs bd <strong>rh</strong>cn
int rconncdios Tt-c$,d. fiddofcomm.rc., oo i.6. re(hDoto&,. bd
*r.nce, h.wlore ktm or$. rppl:rd m6Lufr mind, sh. ft..gds ro
<strong>rh</strong>. pmunbm ofcoBco6ne<strong>ri</strong> snr iq on <strong>rh</strong>e orfn hsd,.\. d.w op6 s
minrc FBdoqd ofp.donll Fta<strong>ri</strong>oBhips, hc in<strong>ri</strong>nr. nus6;f
qhi(h 6udly 660. ftcmu mtiFty It o E err. Crl 7, D. 206).
c. G lue No Elsor: on .,t.atytial pt chologr. Cy 1 tpnn;ton: PlineM UniG y
Pq 1966.
- , t tf ft imrgin. d.r'nrg. or"@t 6d" stidifi.d 6 . bt@k of i€ dqng dF
nrpru or o*dopndr, rt ha @ m.lrdoM rn <strong>rh</strong>cs@ndp\a. tor c.on?nb<strong>ri</strong>on !o
tne *odd. on <strong>rh</strong>i3 ,ubjd ree Je.t C M.@ffi, Midtite M.td@a tL,k Mstr.n:
SilMd.2004t
,.,.rrfo!.xhptqld€!ryr..'Boh<strong>rh</strong>.od(rt)Mdpftdi.otr.potdO.s,hcEnl
r, trung brn$ s .grnn lJlis oErpo*. ng
'n for h <strong>rh</strong>. tugi . unir, oI th. .g.i,
rM.d@i6, D"qrc, Relttitu, D. t46).
C.6 !68 Mdd4 b.M, R4t cttu, (.d ), Ani.t. J!fiC aN?* ydk: padtr@q
l96l).
'Tnir i! dc |!M Jung pop66 ! onion of<strong>rh</strong>c @Bcious lnd <strong>rh</strong> un@Bio6
so rMr oG m.y nd g'ow oFsidedronidcd, Hc eF:
An orcwiewofthc ftcrs inrctvcd in <strong>rh</strong>. individudion pre$ is
povided, ft is shown ihatstn c b.<strong>rh</strong> ih.6 ediv.ed th. individuat
tsyohes fturuabtci hmm B!rr! trcm idcn<strong>ri</strong>tins wi<strong>rh</strong> one b fi.
qrtusion ofth. o<strong>rh</strong>cr This lcidmcy in lM !o s€k . uniqk sotulion h
Einforc.d hy his 6.iodtim, !h. ee@ of which is $. @go.ic.l
ddntof.I <strong>rh</strong>d ie nordady knM orundcdbod DE hu;e pdrrtE
howi is borfi indiv,dor md @ dE To dhpr rodivid. |n; nrc i;
poinn* .nd imDsibtc wh{ <strong>rh</strong>. rnstysr mus ct h,rutf i,. \r,rur k ir,
d hr mom6r .nd in <strong>rh</strong>i! p€<strong>ri</strong>dr_ <strong>rh</strong>d Ep@rts r'l. nrtoEt Eg6 ot titc?
<strong>rh</strong>. al1sw@ on ) 6m. filh obsdin8 116. Aychoto8ratgtu ol
rr. rMr N bom notr $. ndural col,6o€<strong>ri</strong>on ofF.(otuciob ed <strong>rh</strong>.
265

un@Mio6 on th. on. hrndi md ofth. indjvidult dd 6c @ clirc oi
i* o<strong>rh</strong>.r lPt .hotosicol ry.t, CV 6, o. t}j).
C. A. lDg fttcholosi@t ftpa, CW 6 (pi@n: p<strong>ri</strong>nelon Unr6it pB. ta? | ).
la ,lll b W.ll ltat E.dt W.lt, Sttt6F@ dEw our ,ucl<strong>ri</strong>d ro thT poinr.
Th. *.bofour tift h of' mingkd}rm, good ed
I rog.thcr: our vitues w.utd b. mud ir.rr
Fiulls whipp€d lhem.d; hd ourcin6 *outd
Dopan, ifd.y s* nd cheilh.d bt o!, vitu.e(tv. iir.6r.67)
_ Tllc m@n, a M inEgc 6f whdr?d dimeb,on, .pp.s ,1 fotki,lB, tc8ddi
sgs, 0..6 Dd mrrlologi6 u.dc. Mcutift ,nd feoi<strong>ri</strong>ft Suis6, For ddib, ;
]n@t" h. E Oxlop.da {P"tigiM, at lO, to37Edi<strong>ri</strong>d,pp.33.90j Oivid M.
Ros. "rl_s M'1\ md Mbinsr in lc*i<strong>rh</strong> Ntu MMn Rruir,, Er,o;s/ lc (:ooo):
.._- " Ih. inaSe ofi\'hitc md i.btr.k. t<strong>rh</strong>intqt qd.v.top iilo"D*demoni'
. . . _ " Som.lnde h.rc iniclDrc.rd Thcac6, pMis iom ptitonic poi ofviry.
vhicn I b.lie4 is nor w,id jn <strong>rh</strong>ir ih.r in pldo 5srsem <strong>rh</strong>. word *c; eund u i;,
BDud.i in <strong>rh</strong>. poputr uiom of.,id€t 6 tn. ul -
Fd Th6.q q <strong>rh</strong>. ornd h,rd. Elity n sm.$mg <strong>rh</strong>d D. p.n .,w wi<strong>rh</strong> ou ffi,
uhd r! gprGl ro prdo.s
'aum.nr. For prdonic/N@p<strong>ri</strong>bnk inr.rpdiions, s
rom f t!t\Ji. se@pzzz and prawl. ,raq (rrndon: chano ud windq r 961),
pp.70l5i P.Gr O Pfii,lq .,{ Mrdrnd., NE\t ! Dren.- Sha, erpcat. s Roaa^tic
(.d.di4 th. Drwlapd!.t oI tttt Fora anJ M.6nA t.n p. <strong>ri</strong>it,. U1trsir) of
C@ ino PE$. | 966\ !p. 02- t 3l: N.ht.d Cadt. "r' Mdldder |.ght t DEon.
Botun,rdi.l^cd," m. Lon^mp. ofth. Mint. p^t*atkd a-d ptatonE lh.ot,
(oxJbrd: cle.don Pq i ooar. pD. | 27- | s0: sidn* R Hom,r, , Tn. sinst. w;td of
/ MranN Nbtar Df.d, EEk.//xda t?,t(te69), pp 72_34. rr,;d om,.d,
-a.MMne tght\ DrM.fltc Mo'e in lh. tjly<strong>ri</strong>nd! SratarAa!Srdi6 | I
(1973): Dp. \9.51 Jh. K BD*a .Dk@rdir ConcoB: on <strong>rh</strong>. Ord., or / Md,D,.,
Mght \ Iretu," Moa.n Lzns'oe. Q@@D 4a ttgn\: pp zo-4) | \/1ru<strong>ri</strong>c. Hunr, ,"Ih.
Lou6-or pdorckcs Arcadi4 Shttdpte s A Mitkwn., Night \ beod, nd t*
vmololNlglrc Ar rnteFbto0r\.x )s,, &tu,: in ute,o,De23,t
-
11906): ppt-2a.
nor. of<strong>rh</strong>e bLrc s)mooh in p,y(hoinatrl,L! so, rr. s4 f;' ;adq
_
cdo Behdlrd, ^tr ,i,. orrd Dr@ /4n Btay d h. tnastuh.n o,/ MMd e;ns:
(,FiE
ir
^ , .lb ! tundend
.
lFbot chrg.d wi<strong>rh</strong> m.ny shd6 of
brndlrd 3 r'|r. iself

20or.
op.hr.d ac@rding ro .kmt Md urchsgin8 jrss h ws i ltry ngi4
6nhnrn& tu r.qoidrcd vi.qoftifc TtE o .nrtion ro law d$
.rpGlcd <strong>rh</strong>. dcid didud tongjng fd fi. cu<strong>ri</strong>ry &d pEdiclllitiry
ora tiefidt d.Lmin.d qircm.. Oierd.i afro cx[y, lad div6iry
wrvraw 6 <strong>rh</strong>inS! dq@{:K h s4u,ir}.rd c.tuinr. Th., wd
<strong>ri</strong>*roft b bt elim;nd.d frcmhumrq{r-G. E\.D4ting{6rob.
ii3hiry (onrDled 4(od'ngio tas (KIN wb.ik).
Klos4 ,<strong>rh</strong>ot h Mpory fo B. Hn r, e.e*d on I | - | .:OOB tro.
o Be Hume.hrp(
r m nSun B bd on AEkiEt rminolop fr $. dshbdid ot lh.
ruqN In d iumn DcM.liry H. hdoy! <strong>rh</strong>. rms "F<strong>ri</strong>h., runction" fd <strong>rh</strong>.
iupd'r@hh<strong>ri</strong>l om..Mo.ho FuFc<strong>ri</strong>on" for <strong>rh</strong>. auxiti.ry, lnd "chitd rw<strong>ri</strong>on,for<strong>rh</strong>.
l@ d.Klop.d (w.bsir.) Iotg. ^v.t.iacan$tNaes oaa ,perlrry. ,q 4s.d 01?rl-
2003 fi!0!__:!J{ibru&pmr.3 ulFoo hht >(200t.
" -lr lo$.hhn.h dough Dt^i(1h..8. or.1B {ktfro rt-. *o, d 4 q[.d
tuKlDnF_Thinlin& Felin& $Mron. rnd InN.[on. T\hkirC and FqhnS !E
.vdding tudio.r wirb the diF.l!@ of in@ity *hitc judsin,, srqsird,on. rn
Jug rc @ Nd'o6 e .ls 6I.d 6<strong>ri</strong>on l tudioa. Ti. oppci( dinum
EhBb sFM<strong>ri</strong>on {*ts} sid l.rui<strong>ri</strong>o, { d p€c,v,ng tuncronr. ou, EN6 h.tp 6
p.l€E |d E s. h.e. @. buch, ed 3N[. Th6. e d.rand.d s imr,oMl
toncnoa.aeldrn3 ro tung\ nod.t, <strong>rh</strong>. g.ncElMd h <strong>rh</strong>d on? rund.on 3.B,
r.!d/.3'les:orrlnctlo,mp)inslndiGopD6ir?Flnc<strong>ri</strong>oni!.'<strong>rh</strong>.-r1d.\.top.dor
undcd4.lopcd, For eepte, Dct.h.nlj es:
June s asenion lhal on@ a p6on,s NaruBt L€d Fu.cljon ho bc.n
id.ndfrod, on m dfidm y qtcularc th. pq.ont gut6r Ntul
Wakn6 is ihc Bltt of<strong>rh</strong>. sinpl. h.t rfi.i th.E ft no di.gon,l bidg6
in <strong>rh</strong>. hun6 bBin" lDcl.hrn<strong>ri</strong> Rltln l
Me D.Llt&ry, Edh od 6c Bi6!h.ic, &6cd o t5_2-2008 tFm
l0 hom. aei(2001),
AlT.t M 1l"lg-rjy th,/*. Esa FN,^. fiA;Fi.ha.as..o1 th"oty oJrrpa.
d<strong>ri</strong>dd on l5-2-r008 iion +@j$4! $sna.s9ie (Jut), zo6ar, :orge er;,rJja,
L'e'o,4n.rr ae n drr w xtib, n.am/Th.Btuer@.hrmt> (200t.
." s4 Plul Hdc). (.d.I |,l. ay',id CNpdtM to Cbs,col Li,rrotve
(lrndon: Orford U.i(6iry pB, I 974J, p.2l.
ail@B G ffiq-mmd rn.ckine ahcns onr, ro
. . " I 11 G:ck ny<strong>ri</strong>oll6'. b. d.ta.!.d by Tha6. btinB <strong>rh</strong>.n 'h. qu4n tHjppotrbJ s his wit w.inbaun Gds
A|lleB a <strong>rh</strong>c pst<strong>rh</strong>ologi..t D.ieni.t (.nimut of *md for cctaiming dEn
mh.tlll pow.r. For dei\. se B att^ \r. abovn, ktand, df wan.a and Aazoar
^.pQlqht tM md Fehtia t 4w i1: Uiw<strong>ri</strong>rv of Tertu pE$. | 990r. L it.
"m6olinq_ r\. Gm "fer<strong>ri</strong> f \6 iE hdir.onal, ohi osophica . ( ulruEt ano. ,oo\. a ,
F>ychologlcai impli <strong>ri</strong>on!{whic\ r.nd @ 6nv.lgc m its EpE$cd pos.<strong>ri</strong>on r <strong>rh</strong>. W60.
Fd,d*irq $c C. Ed*'Jn wd<strong>ri</strong>ni "S.p6Br,on/tnd:vidunon, pu.nct AEchn.nq md
Md. G.ndq Rol. Conflicr. A btud6 rd.td <strong>rh</strong>. F.miniR ud <strong>rh</strong>. Fdgit. M&d,n;
S.n,' Pprtob./ oI M.n aad M@tkity t,2 (2@t: oD. t26-t 55.
" ardE cid. s. rrench pti),*n3hr, whod64 uron rt. san.$Lc for omof
hn plols. S* AndE Cid., TK L.gendr: O.dip6 hd Thes, rtu' John R js.
Neq Yo* Ra.don Book. I sol k i! h iniares<strong>ri</strong>ns dsnpt. of,T.sninS"ut corftidele_
oidcr Ii*F rtlodkowd hispur..r
'}d
h,a r$o !. tow.d;. per b
InvorEordcbrn nq E<strong>rh</strong>a hrv.I b..n dnq foMd by whar ss jr, robealhi.v.di

sd ln. mo6l inpotu l <strong>rh</strong>in&s ro b. cn.d lo ,. .lMJ6 ro li. ah.ad, (p, 53, .mphsie
. - ' Af junsiuj *krowt.ddc c.d<strong>ri</strong>n csn<strong>ri</strong>at dj tT{.ncs be tre.n<strong>rh</strong>.nsruhne
For <strong>rh</strong>. d.Eitr offminine@nkious-c$. re Rir. Eij.n
*rr | turorurrcn ed rlE Fdinin.: Frcm Dohinc<strong>ri</strong>on ro psmenh.p,, Io ,p ,
,M. k 3i4h o[k. ctuio4 F.,i,j,?. (.d.l. coit<strong>ri</strong>. z].j8Ita An8ct6: J.my
P.TrrdEr l9m), pp.2J.u: syrvilannropEi4 o.tud b n. cdus: t wo ol
htuai@ rd t/-M6lfo6do,c,Md! hdcry B@\ t93t,: r@ shhod. Boi.n
a@_h haryxtu(N*yo : HaDdmd Ro,. t984)
ForqMprq JungsrF.
A w.mM po$*{ b} $e m,mu ir!tr,), in oange,oftosing hc,
h'n'nity. he !dcp!.d tunhr. p.Foi4lui s I mm in $c tit.
dEuml'6 06 th. <strong>ri</strong>rk of.f|eoiMcy. T1i6? p3yct c duS6 offfi
& dtiEly dE b <strong>rh</strong>. fld dd s ietion <strong>rh</strong>ich b.tonss jBidths bcn
_ rmd ocrd. (Irc &rF, Cr9 z. D. 209),
- Tne @. h4, lho be ad s h.xdpt.orJuni! ids of{itsit6lon or
ryT.i whd h., pd! s kno6 oEbt.m if no' add.qs.d prcpertr. AsD.khso s!)c.
JurBsb.t:.f$dF.kificauolorTy.w6ra DoDib: nyruna.;@d
ro E <strong>ri</strong>? drmrBj orMyone d*.topir8 lnd Jr lceyof<strong>rh</strong>.i<strong>rh</strong>r.
Inc[rcrdt noFFlrcrcd FundimmoE<strong>rh</strong>d lnc<strong>rh</strong>ight].,ijci.nr
\d!El L€d luxl'on. WMr j moG June! Esenion $d Fahifiq mof
I yD. o h a $nous <strong>rh</strong>ur ro a pd:.n! phyrk.t ud mdht/.mohdrt
Fdbhs be.n {fdir.d by <strong>rh</strong>. ro* otDr. Ka<strong>rh</strong>. n. B.uig+.nd Dr
4fl.n. rayrd. $unin3 rcc.nrj) in lh. plfound r, ogli<strong>ri</strong>0n <strong>rh</strong>d
Falsilicrtion ofTyF lads dcpendabty ao . 3c<strong>ri</strong>ous resu1E s d.fin.d by
PASS a*63ia)
S€ Me D.l.fidry, 6,r, @'d r/i. dpr,E, !@e.d on I t- | .2.2007 trcm
ir.lov..o../ ddiv.dhm. 6
(200tI
" Fd hrofo-di* mdi;;G;;;;;G;if;;;,,. c,@,
i/drr, Frs. Rrlph MMnon Gondon: Roudedge Md K.gM pau,. I06lr, op. Z3-j L
,_ -, 14jtti ey1 -M:3. of$. ,c<strong>ri</strong>on r.r4 orace d nishr drd <strong>rh</strong>. d@n or,@nhshr
6n?nnond 'a t\ s pl.) <strong>rh</strong>R <strong>ri</strong>mB moc often <strong>rh</strong>d i. r[ Shate(o-uc\ ptr]s rogd]*.
(p.ll).
sGfr Md1tn, / Midtudnn NEhr r Daa, I Londo: t 6 Edduuon, ta97)
B.ox& <strong>rh</strong>€ snJ\ s cHrw 4pdr ot<strong>rh</strong>. ftnr1,n?. tor6 oErEetu<strong>ri</strong>E
<strong>ri</strong>..<strong>rh</strong>otdrrrre*cdo.!h.d..pr ndonsin,. romor.ton(. ;nord
Scnsation upo. wnicha aninatlif. is bed For$isrcsonih.
hi8h6red mlj .q<strong>rh</strong>t mrsrenB ot lhc f.n,r r e slrbotiud by
ua dh aid ir! l4fom<strong>ri</strong>on (C'.at MotAa. p. .) )
:dlh l.ul14 ?:gft,Md;a ln ),or,jk ofth.,1h.ryp. oltu
_ Yod. Rodl.n3.& Kaeu Ptur, t9t5).
(meuircr..ind tunh (r.mmino ror d.n rrmbotL @re<strong>ri</strong>ons * i<strong>rh</strong> ft 6u rln;iors,
tl m ind.brcd ro <strong>rh</strong>e to oqing ru6ou mr6e ids Cro \4.Anddo1,Sls
^ srr*M md sd! D'midjiM. Fr,rs soto singt. wo4e4 n yol*. w \u.
Notur 1994)
^,!d|,J.o,te|]
_.
o Se c.c- Jui& 7}.946,/'i: IiI.. Mnpud.o6 $,n,inc, 04 ts lpdeton:
mne@n un'Euiy Fls. te76). JunB nbn3t, Gndj b p6po$ ditTdn6 in ndc md
268

f.rdc p6ldologl wi<strong>rh</strong> a vi.w io Duit6tina iheir @6dm.nbry.rbB. For.Mplc
In I tmMd ro "In. vly ot A wo'm' bJ g<strong>rh</strong>n Harding I tglt),
d,ncm6 'n muutin. hd fminin. p9ychotos/ aE @glrz.d hd ,
herB ro!6'vin3<strong>rh</strong>ecol0idb.oen *5 k 3u!36kd. \a<strong>rh</strong>._m.n nor
w*tr urdcubnd nu(hofEomm\ Fyctotos. $ht<strong>rh</strong> ilt_d6 apeuh4
sD'niiltiiy, bur $is I hlnty $rpdsin& b€6. p6ph bry !tm; ad<strong>ri</strong>ng
o, oE ueMio6 prrrlE bd sch howt.d8. ie n.6{ry ro undMding
Btun <strong>rh</strong>. s6., @nflid.r,s bd-h mrn c ! brotosiot, inn,ntui
€toE .nd a a spi<strong>ri</strong>rdt ed cuttoml b.iry A @nprcnie b.Mcn di. M
ch * (hiry.n onry in El<strong>ri</strong>on b rJE o<strong>rh</strong>.r !x. prchotos, ir <strong>rh</strong>.EfoE
r€d.d os ! mdhod of<strong>rh</strong><strong>ri</strong>oshh, pEvid,i! lrtknorted8cofrf! odw s*
'||ed or drra4 opi<strong>ri</strong>ons. whicr @f. !ou@ or mhudouhnd,ng!
HldinCa hoor k wt@cd s 0 conrjbur;on b knoyt.dBc ornu,o-tur
,d ! cL<strong>ri</strong>fidid of <strong>rh</strong>. @rtujd in EtdioG b.ds th; s6 0r.
stubolk LiI.,e 292J.
^ _'' Jungdp-.hs "d.q tu Din of wrFlymbothm n C1-r arry.
s* C, G. Jus, ."Ihc Pru<strong>ri</strong>dl Us. .rD@ An t xis,.. Inc pra.tice oi psrahotherupy,
Ctl l6 (N.w YoA: P<strong>ri</strong>neron UniveB(y pEs. ej4LD.27r.
"' For .}dplc, Edinger sors.
o'@ th. tusilion ro d. p.<strong>ri</strong>!$al srrgc hs b&n @npti.h.d, <strong>rh</strong>c
@hdrpc of <strong>rh</strong>. g@r fdh.r, <strong>rh</strong>. @tin. lpii pdncipt., d.lemiB <strong>rh</strong>.
v.lB dd soats oflii.. CoeiosBs, individuat 6po6ibitny, self,
dkciptirc&d Er.onatiu wi b. <strong>rh</strong>e pEeting vstl6 Ev.O<strong>rh</strong>.Fg
p.mrnrnSro<strong>rh</strong>. En'<strong>ri</strong>n pi.ciphq b. fprescd, d.pE(i0red o,
suMllm.ld b mAcutim.nds. In.hitdhood d.Etoprent, $. paEi,Md
pia. will b. pdiculdty .viddt in tnc
'ts D6.ding pubity
Se Edwid L Edin3d, Amtt<strong>ri</strong>qt prychotos/. Jug. &@.d on t-r.2003 t6n
rdp//lM.rbHrok.om/p9choto6/.npl<strong>rh</strong>.hrm (2002-2007)
rry{ mm Hrng.r3 p.upe<strong>ri</strong>ve. T}e.6 r4ms @ b. ar Lh. puben l !b3. f'on
p.ycholoE @ poinr of \itu. md t-.l-s .o oe.pr. lcrnolt;sr. md.rp.ien(. <strong>rh</strong>.
Ep|!!g 6p€s or hR p.uon liry.
't'
- Th. Fs.J u@Biou*hrdow FIG b <strong>rh</strong>d htutbE, whicfi Emljn
RpiBr.d,/uclrowl.d&dhdevdopd/und.rdR.top.n in M,nd,vidud. En6ud.r s<strong>rh</strong>
o.9r!dN. knoykdg. of ou wa*n.$a giEs 6 n.w rrcn3ln! for @p n3 w, d <strong>rh</strong>.
pobld! of liE inan.|Tehv. !s] Juis3iyt
Unfonunddy nterc cdn b. no doubr <strong>rh</strong>a! hsn k, on $e whotc, tc$ good
thu h. iorgircs him$tfor ,srs lo. Ev.rylne ca<strong>ri</strong>s a shrdor, ind <strong>rh</strong>e
16 ir ir hbodicd in $. i.dividurl s cmcio6 tit , ln. bt&k.r ud
.k@ il i* If iof.<strong>ri</strong>ditt ir tuior1 oG itylF 6 , cl14. ro @@
tr Furlh.tuE, n is @|fud, in drld whh orfic, inr.ctr so |ha( n is
@ntinu.ttylubjftcd to oodifidioB, aur itn is Eps$! ed ietftd
en conscfsngs, it !cv.r tcls €ft.ct d (psrchotos ond R,tisian:
t!.i nd Eo!, Cw I t. o, 111t.
C.4. lhg Pqaholog and Eptgd. Itl.t tud Eaj. CI! | | tpti^eton: '<strong>ri</strong>nqlon
unr4Eiry-Pns5 I969). Alb k co.,. zt<strong>ri</strong>8 hd ,.mi, Abms. l{/ .<strong>ri</strong>ra rA,
srotuw: Irk E(ua PoN! of <strong>rh</strong>. Do* sia. ol HM Ndtv. tLB ^nscta. r,<strong>rh</strong>a,
- d SeJohnA,Slnford,?7al,vhibl. patkdr: Ho|| the |dote od trnete i,
E .h oI Ut Alle.h O* Retatia,shi^ N.w york.p,utisr prc*, r gso).
269

. o I is in@.ing ro tMion hd <strong>rh</strong>.r <strong>rh</strong>. @ of biotogicj tuiN hrE dEir
MoCc r psy<strong>rh</strong>oro&/. A hit. ii sid ro he dr Nh.tD,t fcninin./did in <strong>rh</strong>.
prlthic blclgbund, ed <strong>rh</strong>. mrl. <strong>rh</strong>. ahdypd mscutin.. HoEte,<strong>rh</strong>. Shrdow
tMif6$ iErll6 sm.i.r fituB
6
rrcm our irme o";remnc.. <strong>rh</strong>c.Mh se.ms @ br ,, cj s w. do nor re-t,B
rcrrrrngFvorvingmdio$ wi6 o<strong>rh</strong>lndi ed eJer, bu infd ,lmlsh .ndiqr lorc.
HowE, *do$. bd leti6.quskd, *hich R ncgeif .1be,f d6rrudiE ' irptrs.
weouBetE!}yformnuiatioi.imit!tr,<strong>rh</strong>coim.pBvrdg
6 t cnmd () <strong>rh</strong>. f.mini( ir
'.6
6. For idbrcc, Junr $r:
Mo F d*ib.d c xoE objetiF ed nt;mi ". "-
o noE
sbj@<strong>ri</strong>E md notio..t. Mm EpH.! his fcminine quati{cs in od.r ro
dcvclop hh pt6onii hrrc., $. rct.<strong>ri</strong>on b.twei <strong>rh</strong>e uim. lid !h.
p.M. k cmpcMry. Si.e cmpt.E id?nrtfidion .h ln.p.uona
rad! b r.64 thc omD.lBd., 6.ction of 6e sim, is $td;!'. rn
orde for i.dividu<strong>ri</strong>on io Gk. pha hoawi Fin nd fE hiD;tr
mn boh 6e pqlotu lnd <strong>rh</strong>c ditu sd MIiz $d !h? itulPtry
b.M.n <strong>rh</strong>. imer md .. ourd ioE cptths <strong>rh</strong>..rcrgdis of <strong>rh</strong>c hf.
p6c.$i <strong>rh</strong>e pobr t.tuion nccsa.y fo, stf.rcll a.ion Bc6uk<strong>rh</strong>.min.
r o hH pl()B ..d h'd.r b @anj4 n b noE difficuh ro d.d wnh
th6.i3 <strong>rh</strong>.JEer A5 ! m.<strong>rh</strong>od for p.eivjns |}. o,nr ir tr ,uSS6ed
nd ir b. objdificdi i..., gtur.d rtE tu6 of r spara!.t 6ft@ erb.yi
.rd ilto*rd to sp.*! By mitjnA <strong>rh</strong>. miru onrcios lh. individuat
buildr r b<strong>ri</strong>dg. io hi! u.con$io6. Sin€ <strong>rh</strong>cdnimus h <strong>rh</strong>ccompoding
d!ry in een, it pla). iI3 br. in <strong>rh</strong>e dcrctopmenr ofa woma.k
p.nonrtny (r,, fBoF, Crl 7. D. t 33 ).
_ " On lh._!ub.rd off.mmhnt,teTo Gw\S.inaa tyoqan. Futtlhnsyau
r.nt'h-q/. tu ,1.dins Low NN yo*: R ndom tio6., t 933).
_ Followin3 ,u.g Md c$pb.lt, B&nG MCMME d'vrd6 @itutB jdo
6. M ryp6. M&ifth.l ed Pdi!rc1d. a@d,n8 ro dE Mro, <strong>rh</strong>. vaair4fict
@M'ol]ss tr lune in :B synbotic 4ofld.ona lnd iB p<strong>ri</strong>me ,J"nbot . j dd(n.$.
undi$c h€d o"iB,,Ps)chotos. rfr wnre, ray.pnm.cy of 1.r rn€B,ous,
mptu(of emo<strong>ri</strong>ool, inrui<strong>ri</strong>re, non.d<strong>ri</strong>dat t(M, conrc.orrrb v[wo s
'hMrrr(a-gd.6cd od of h6n.cioB rnd der.nd.nr upon I I hghr of moon dnr b.
Y:li:d 996 :
<strong>rh</strong>.,u'nor runnn !F <strong>rh</strong>lr i u.h.*r.ni by iDrs.ry
ompd'b|. vi'n mruEl pre.s* Md <strong>rh</strong>. ce in p.in, i! TirMk\ p,sir un;c;
dieqion h.E Tfi. wirs rcB nM, dush of prcp.n<strong>ri</strong><strong>ri</strong>d chd.rjrng !h. rwd
mdcJ d cmo@sd$! apan eoT duchiT wh,r is !6rk, cJchc. e.p<strong>ri</strong>E. p6tve
6r.nn& commlnil, 3yn<strong>rh</strong>d.." *i<strong>rh</strong> <strong>rh</strong>c tcm n,n.. In@rrrur. he sd&nd sl,rt k t.JE,
:11.1'rc eo9-stTtr9yald-ir,irslin& e<strong>ri</strong>E Individurlisnc. ieo@j. rnd uatylic..
srn o. me,xinc (MCMM6 kb<strong>ri</strong>kl
Se-Bub6n F McMMq Mdid4r,WtuL,chrt Cwitu,.s.,@.don t3-Zzuud
m-Ii

Didicuh Md sub1t. clhi.rl pobtn, .E .or tnvdiibt, bdusht !p by In.
QplE.,le of$c shrdow jb.tr. Ona uotne .i,E ngue;ch;s;. rf
<strong>rh</strong>c d'!.ftr is ! n.4 h. yilt disk I fm.re pdoni €<strong>ri</strong>o of his
u@nldosi rnd n witr b. r nole fisuE in tn. s. or. wmm, Oton
ihis econd symbotic figlE rms up b.hind tne shadow, i!, m.l. md
., , hmhlomi"aimB od mim rMin Md His Synooh, p. 2,
MM.-rouis von Pm4 Mre-Louira Md and Hi! Slabot:..?d ,, C. C. JinB, et
csdoh Aldc rnd JuDir.. 1979r
^1.
n
AM'ding b N,.un€.4 <strong>rh</strong>c .h.roAjng"
in . my<strong>rh</strong> synbotia lh. humu eso G
.. tEgoM'ngpnncipl. ot66.iousn6!. c ifligh( sovift rsry tuh dr*n.s
olCdkiMhz*l
rot"a
Ei.hNdmft1'rl! Of,sA mlrstt! d CMcioM.s, Bol nser S.ft. XLfl
y,,ofl 0\.w
: pmom. aook tet!). Atro $. Robd L lilooE f d Dorgte ai k1k, t x ina
"
qlhh: aruina th. *nE D th. Mal. pr).r. (Ns yoa: w Momq t992).
':J1d1ir: orlE poin' bd.fly rppii.d b uE
-
ch!fu6. sc rr{64.6
.dtudr@is,cw tl(Pti@^: P?indon unifGir, pB. tcr6) ihoseR.f
rdilon, ohi,A fov Orn Stado|j: Uadttudin? h. Dor, ne ah\. pqxr. @.e
York Hrlptr, I99l). wNhbum rry tt rt..r.crp u-trcr ro u.o.^ro.o rr rrucs
Invorvd Inh..xptootim Her.*:
11. .go cm.rAes injti! y ton 6. dEp 3ouc of<strong>rh</strong>c Fr<strong>rh</strong>.j th. cgo
$.n !.pnr6 iBdf from <strong>rh</strong>e 3olll€ du<strong>ri</strong>ns ,h. fid hifot titc *:hicrr
R N trm. not o.ry of.go d.Etop|Ml blr lko ot.ao donin..c.j lrd !h.
.€o hdr' rtodro<strong>rh</strong>.d@psou@ ot$. ps). he In d. &cmd hrtfo.
irF to Dem. irkgdd ' <strong>rh</strong>L\emonih.Shs,rMt{goic. t.\el
:!:.\!albui.. !ru,!'ra'9nt pt <strong>rh</strong>otos k psr<strong>rh</strong>wabtu ptlpt,iw t^tbd\r: sbt
uiimiryorNe* YoA PB, t994).
" rn fctirg tunf<strong>ri</strong>o b n@ry td m<strong>ri</strong>nr.in,Ued !6biiingRtdiobhipsar
, -
on Fd rME or mdnm& 6pe.6 y w.<strong>ri</strong> sm.n s no<strong>rh</strong>cR. <strong>ri</strong>6, I skn, ud
@usiE6. <strong>rh</strong>. tundln prcvide!r ddrmadc €ci,a to,juos,rco,.ruaron fo. a
prui Br K 'nidkrrd. Th.Rfor., ,u 'uppfts,dn nry a4. o6s.6 n o j qsy b
na<strong>rh</strong>yilllm Ehtioahip!. Jurg ot Juneihs feu on Lh,j 6p*r to- pEfroU;S
nu|u Frd'oNhipr ii <strong>rh</strong>. *ond. Hfr | qud. 6 Ftuz b op,ain tn; ida d-dr
r4nta 'lrMon dar6 b $. f.hinim p,incipte StF sr!:
n?E.8<strong>rh</strong>ktuE m qen, s <strong>rh</strong>. ft.ting i! td-king wh.r <strong>rh</strong>e ftit,ne
3r0.or rr. rr B.re. <strong>rh</strong>.n Etr<strong>ri</strong>mship d.8.n.E,6 rnbju, s\ r <strong>rh</strong>e dntl
<strong>ri</strong>y ro Erk b ,mrrd p.Rol Inlhcaime$ay trrcr.vfitetin8hfe
tu!cg.n.dred, hit dcq<strong>ri</strong>ngcivi.ia<strong>ri</strong>ons, Jousee$.s\cry vh.o.cmd
kr6! dEph, ors.rutity (,t,da od Am6a. p.29,
Mui.l^!i* wn Ftu.d. A'ina ad /,n 6 - Faj,y t /6. (d I, D&yt Sh0rp Crollfu:
ToMb tts. 2002)
- " nc *peixa onor ole on .n mh.idp<strong>ri</strong>niUv. ror .o- ,Brrnc., 6
Ftuz $ti "Be!$ ft. inttior turc<strong>ri</strong>or u $ <strong>ri</strong>cd ro <strong>rh</strong>. rens . ond buba c !i;eotM
hz <strong>rh</strong>d r.. inf.<strong>ri</strong>or tLnchoni trd who l irar <strong>rh</strong>c
nM q u. pqenonti tu !@Dy b. din8@6 (r,A i i)p,/osl. p I or ). Moi.
FkrJd (Wo.drct, Conndicr Sp n8 pubtidio,I, trlJ.
.!^,,--.lils rl:isrms b n4i6 <strong>rh</strong>d rcn r,d r.r\ 6abod ho aenpr ro inrc,pd
ttnd or Uvs\ rrpotost ft? kh<strong>ri</strong>o, itd.t,an. I

Thc inlqior func<strong>ri</strong>on h 6ulty scdbd b <strong>rh</strong>c tounn tunction th.t Enains
ur.Xtusl.dE d. yd hlvine dF L.y ro <strong>rh</strong>. hidda d@n of, p.r on\ p.rch. Fo,
If@ tudi6 individuit 6.q on o s€ <strong>rh</strong>d <strong>rh</strong>e infe<strong>ri</strong>o. fuictioB ro
b.hak atu<strong>ri</strong>h. mDrftotuu.h s.I@t.h.d, <strong>rh</strong>. d vrT f@, or idior
F! H. rp.6cdr rrc d6o.sd Dn ot ..p.,sona',D, . d(ut.jmd
D@pEd p&r blt stso <strong>rh</strong>at pd $h,c\ buit& rp $e@nncdjon wih d.
utgsioa dn lhcEtoE hotd5 !h. sEr kcy ro <strong>rh</strong>. uMeiod Lobhry
r.. d IE p.Ron lnte s typolog. th. InI.not Fu.ia.. p I,
-^,, " Mrt Rdh ads <strong>rh</strong>? pt,y nlh. B.tJdniM F p.d,v.. s; M;ry Rod)
_sub<strong>ri</strong>n4ion of Dtunbffi." i-ldarc 30, 2 ( j997I pp.t.2o,
-
' For ex4p .. c JGpl L, H..d.6on and Viuo Orres, TE w ldon of<strong>rh</strong>e
scrpdrr The V-y$s ofD@ ! Reo -<strong>rh</strong>.no R.cutroor CN.w yo-r.c6r8. Brdilte.
, m<strong>ri</strong> Lomrc zklg d r4na Ab6s, M.dutg th. Shoa@ k. Hidd.n poe.t oJ
th. M Sid. ol Huon Natu (tts t6: Tr<strong>rh</strong>.i t9t).
_
Th. , pdd<strong>ri</strong>.t ol dstopm.nr ^nn of <strong>rh</strong>. 106 tudioN i! pce in it, i^dividu,ts;
how4, individu.l Ee v&, f6m FMn ro pdron. Tf. duat krd i! <strong>rh</strong>d on. tunc<strong>ri</strong>on
b@md h,8hl) dcElopcd/ditT.Fn iard*i<strong>rh</strong>rr*ordary,.ur h:D onc tih,h.
opp.tt @ntjruun Th.<strong>rh</strong>irdon. daaiBund6d.v.top.d,I1 krle founhoi.
ud.rclopcd, in d.i.6t m.kins tbc 6E of orc's p.ts;nat unenscioB. For ffple,
^
Only on. tuMid @ h.E p<strong>ri</strong>mp,l did<strong>ri</strong>.e pow, !d4 <strong>rh</strong>.E is m
difh<strong>rh</strong>ion ofoy fundion,6 in lh.ca.aap,imi<strong>ri</strong>v. m.n6tiry. a
sond r!rc<strong>ri</strong>on @ op.dtl N m iuxjtirry or&npt.n.nl.ry one, jfirr
nlrur. t dilT*n' frlm bur no' oppos.d b,h.don.r,nr tunaioni<strong>rh</strong>dsa
r.lorurpinciprl rudion th.n<strong>ri</strong>ns) on hrv..{Ln or <strong>rh</strong>c,m<strong>ri</strong>oml
tu*<strong>ri</strong>oB (h,ro. or intunim) 6 d &xili,,r, be.q |h., e
tundid orpdrcp<strong>ri</strong>o4 @r ofjudsi.s. Thb .Jxitjdy ftnd,;n Dlrc
uetul only inemlch 6 ir !d6 <strong>rh</strong>e prjD.ry func<strong>ri</strong>on, In addnion ro !h.
p<strong>ri</strong>na.y oonscioD tunc<strong>ri</strong>oi, .uxilia.y, u.@nsoious tunc<strong>ri</strong>os e obsen€d
ro.{i{<strong>rh</strong>ich glrp <strong>rh</strong>cr!.h.q in pdkh!coftts,cd $ <strong>rh</strong>,nd, ar<strong>ri</strong>n s,
opp@ ro <strong>rh</strong>.@Miou3016 od dhr i. D !(ha q drmltsbE
Impli*<strong>ri</strong>o.s of lh6c tu..tions for ps}lhMrt}{ic ftjlrcnr !r dieGed
(Prlzholoaml ttpts, Cw 6, p.25t )
_ In UE l!.3i& nod.trfi'nkitrnd fetin3& o .d nlod funclionl! in
oppdr,on ro <strong>rh</strong>. Into( on &d <strong>rh</strong>csdibon.s .d im<strong>ri</strong>onrt ru.(ron. wfihon, !6r
so$ lo pRsd tn.i-dnl.dical Tteionlt-ip, sLggd<strong>ri</strong>nS tnar $.nktr3fd i.dingR,so
n@B or D.n--plron pl4.d d <strong>rh</strong>e L?ps sd towd e1d! of,n. venr@t @.<strong>ri</strong>hud;,
c6ing by ih. no<strong>ri</strong>antd onc !h. Inruition od <strong>rh</strong>€ Sdelio.. Th6e fundios e
&t rrt..d h drtr.mr *!F by <strong>rh</strong>. djrudc *,ircn dy b. qF!€nd d ,nr6v.fud Se
for d.rdl! Wfiibnod, pp. r l8- l15 Fot ddit C.A !on& pq.hotoA.a! fW. Cty 6,
hro, R. F.C. HufrPnncdon: p<strong>ri</strong>q(ron UniERir/ pE$. t076\: Mllh.ti;o;e,
P,t 4h.wt ,4.N* trotolE pbt 'sP'rro,rrtN.* yo.{ s.r on,rds.\u!rn,
lesn)l Ddyr shaa. &e,a/a 4 pB Jt$a Mod?t of rtpotos I t arc16 tnq c:9
p.Adolit, T\pkA. Ut. ohd MBB4 \
wahingon: UniwBiry olAft nca tc7?).
_ | q@rc Sporo h.E for ctMfio<strong>ri</strong>onof<strong>rh</strong> Nin( H.$s
Thinkingano rehng s Eroruto.JudginB func<strong>ri</strong>ort m @frruGd *,h
lhe'im<strong>ri</strong>.m _ e.p€Teving- iu.chon, wh<strong>rh</strong> LrgequaG Eirf <strong>rh</strong>e
poleiryois?Mion-,iEi<strong>ri</strong>on.selonddinrui<strong>ri</strong>olft ..ft@Tobty
arn@i boJr. <strong>rh</strong>.y aE pEdnposcd ro dc rnqur<strong>ri</strong>E<strong>ri</strong>v.j) ditlcHr
272

lind! oainforrl on. S.M<strong>ri</strong>on.! pcspuoa virconlciou, )e1sory
adLviry, md $ k oppolcd F inruition (p. 46j
AnE lo S$b, Jug\ Dpolog (lthnois. Chibn Pubtianions. I oqt)
-TlF h 1.ni.r," is q.d ro d6i3n.r. <strong>rh</strong>c fund,on oppcir. ro th? .u,iti.ry
onced inou@<strong>rh</strong>.!.@tron. S€ SDro_ D.t93.
_
I'Ihe $s!.or<strong>rh</strong>. thars.t'ns h; b;; d.bdrbk a.onE cir,6 lRdrEd,ir
Nm i prydorogiet poinr or vi.*. s.. tads J Brftt, t he tndim Bo) s Dc.m
wlEfth Ev.rr Morl.cis son R.hs6 Hk pd, ,t"alAr'so- Srd(, ix I o88).
', lTtE mtifoJjom?d6lhrugh.I f.iryr.t6 i, on srydo.ohs. hny
culrutt, 0E jom.'.of !h. ihro p<strong>ri</strong>ne' h Ndtt dsc<strong>ri</strong>b.d in <strong>rh</strong>. to osing ny, "onc
nount crB.d ro<strong>rh</strong>tr appdEd. and onc phin @r!d Mo<strong>rh</strong>e- appc4d. 16. ,
Junaim DeBp(trv., dcJoud.y-up ind oown"symboliar drecon<strong>ri</strong>nuous rmmc<strong>ri</strong>on
t.n€.n-1h. cocciou, (up) md $. uncon$ oE (do*n) ror or{ord noEm?nr.
, '' TD mnrs o@Ein8 bg.rts *jihod o, {6.1 FtdioBhip i! .rptand s
3'ruhFnicir, in Jungje Fychot.6/. Juns b.tiM <strong>rh</strong>rr swh @uE6 ft
noingftr; h6@ als @ .d rudirlfut ejncirt.nq. tn ib bordgr ss, lh. em
appli€ @ <strong>rh</strong>. ddinuum of pD+. sd manft S.. C. C. JunC. "pry.h., M.rtr md
sjnchontiry A C.thbm on bersen C. c. tunS lnd wo. f;m8 paLt.." Jr,/o/ o/
anatytl@t Pttchoto9 40 |ci5) pp.57lsaa.
- In dE inni.l $gq 3ids. flncie fcB d .h.rtite" Md mqut4 ft3t8.
s4E^n, Ju& /tnid4 a'd I'ido (z4ich: spnng pubjid,ons, I e5?), pp. | -2.
. _ For .bph. P*t d.ins ro lppd 6 r .l\crdtss b..,' flI. i. idr l; Obqonr
dg.nd! a !o @nllim bdr( ll.:. t30 ). lnd Theseue urs <strong>rh</strong>e o, .h&.ar.na oo (v. i.22).