Core Python Programming (2nd Edition)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

[a] New in Python 2.3. [b] key argument new in Python 2.5. [c] New in Python 2.4. [d] New in Python 2.0; more flexibility added in Python 2.4. We will provide some examples of using these functions with each sequence type in their respective sections.
6.2. Strings Strings are among the most popular types in Python. We can create them simply by enclosing characters in quotes. Python treats single quotes the same as double quotes. This contrasts with most other shell-type scripting languages, which use single quotes for literal strings and double quotes to allow escaping of characters. Python uses the "raw string" operator to create literal quotes, so no differentiation is necessary. Other languages such as C use single quotes for characters and double quotes for strings. Python does not have a character type; this is probably another reason why single and double quotes are treated the same. Nearly every Python application uses strings in one form or another. Strings are a literal or scalar type, meaning they are treated by the interpreter as a singular value and are not containers that hold other Python objects. Strings are immutable, meaning that changing an element of a string requires creating a new string. Strings are made up of individual characters, and such elements of strings may be accessed sequentially via slicing. With the unification of types and classes in 2.2, there are now actually three types of strings in Python. Both regular string (str) and Unicode string (unicode) types are actually subclassed from an abstract class called basestring. This class cannot be instantiated, and if you try to use the factory function to make one, you get this: >>> basestring('foo') Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: The basestring type cannot be instantiated How to Create and Assign Strings Creating strings is as simple as using a scalar value or having the str() factory function make one and assigning it to a variable: >>> aString = 'Hello World!' # using single quotes >>> anotherString = "Python is cool!" # double quotes >>> print aString # print, no quotes! Hello World! >>> anotherString # no print, quotes! 'Python is cool!' >>> s = str(range(4)) # turn list to string >>> s '[0, 1, 2, 3]' How to Access Values (Characters and Substrings) in Strings Python does not support a character type; these are treated as strings of length one, thus also
Page 2 and 3:
Table of Contents | Index Core Pyth
Page 4 and 5:
The Complete Developer's Guide to P
Page 6 and 7:
Table of Contents | Index Copyright
Page 8 and 9:
Section 6.2. Strings Section 6.3. S
Page 10 and 11:
Section 11.5. Formal Arguments Sect
Page 12 and 13:
Section 19.4. Brief Tour of Other G
Page 14 and 15:
Copyright Many of the designations
Page 16 and 17:
Praise for Core Python Programming
Page 18 and 19:
Prentice Hall Core Series Core J2EE
Page 20 and 21:
Another set of first edition reader
Page 22 and 23:
We will continue to update the book
Page 24 and 25:
Dictionaries are Python's mapping o
Page 26 and 27:
and you will find it fun! We first
Page 28 and 29:
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments for
Page 30 and 31:
Christian Tismer (creator of Stackl
Page 32 and 33:
Chapter 1. Welcome to Python! Chapt
Page 34 and 35:
1.2. Origins Work on Python began i
Page 36 and 37:
which you can build an application,
Page 38 and 39:
often provides an extended distract
Page 40 and 41:
Build It Yourself For most other pl
Page 42 and 43:
Windows/DOS To add Python to your s
Page 44 and 45:
It is also possible in Unix to auto
Page 46 and 47:
MacOS X is very Unix-like (based on
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 1-5. Starting IDLE in Window
Page 50 and 51:
1.6. Python Documentation Python do
Page 52 and 53:
orrow features from languages such
Page 54 and 55:
1.8. Other Implementations The "sta
Page 56 and 57:
1.9. Exercises 1-1. Python Installa
Page 58 and 59:
abs(4) 4 >>> abs(-4) 4 We will intr
Page 60 and 61:
%s means to substitute a string whi
Page 62 and 63:
It's very tempting for beginners to
Page 64 and 65:
2.4. Operators The standard mathema
Page 66 and 67:
2.5. Variables and Assignment Rules
Page 68 and 69:
All numeric types are covered in Ch
Page 70 and 71:
2.8. Lists and Tuples Lists and tup
Page 72 and 73:
2.10. Code Blocks Use Indentation C
Page 74 and 75:
2.12. while Loop The standard while
Page 76 and 77:
Using the string format operator al
Page 78 and 79:
2.14. List Comprehensions These are
Page 80 and 81:
case you would have to revert back
Page 82 and 83:
2.17. Functions Like many other lan
Page 84 and 85:
2.18. Classes Classes are a core pa
Page 87 and 88:
2.19. Modules A module is a logical
Page 89 and 90:
2.20. Useful Functions In this chap
Page 91 and 92:
2-4. User Input with raw_input(). a
Page 93 and 94:
put in your own as you write your c
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 3. Python Basics Chapter To
Page 97 and 98:
3.1.3. Multiple Statement Groups as
Page 99 and 100:
3.2. Variable Assignment This secti
Page 101:
Another way of assigning multiple v
Page 104 and 105:
[a] access keyword obsoleted as of
Page 106 and 107:
three PEPs: 7 (Style Guide for C Co
Page 108 and 109:
3. Module imports Import all the mo
Page 110 and 111:
Tests in the main body are an easy
Page 112 and 113:
As responsible programmers, we are
Page 114 and 115:
● It is explicitly removed from a
Page 116 and 117:
Lines 13 The Unix startup line is f
Page 118 and 119:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 'readTe
Page 120 and 121:
3.7. Related Modules/Developer Tool
Page 122 and 123:
3-10. Exceptions. Replace the call
Page 124 and 125:
4.1. Python Objects Python uses the
Page 126 and 127:
4.3. Other Built-in Types ● Type
Page 128 and 129:
4.4. Internal Types ● Code ● Fr
Page 130 and 131:
4.5. Standard Type Operators 4.5.1.
Page 132 and 133:
Example 2: foo1 and foo2 reference
Page 134 and 135:
4.5.3. Boolean In the above example
Page 136 and 137:
4.6. Standard Type Built-in Functio
Page 138 and 139:
str(2e10) '20000000000.0' >>> >>> s
Page 140 and 141:
>>> type(foo) # assumes foo instant
Page 142 and 143:
then we do not even need to check b
Page 144 and 145:
4.7. Type Factory Functions Since P
Page 146 and 147:
Another way of categorizing the sta
Page 148: Sequence types are those whose elem
Page 151 and 152: 4.10. Exercises 4-1. Python Objects
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 5. Numbers Chapter Topics
Page 155 and 156: Okay, now that you have a good idea
Page 157 and 158: Core Style: Use uppercase "L" with
Page 159 and 160: 5.3. Double Precision Floating Poin
Page 161 and 162: aComplex.real -8.333 >>> aComplex.i
Page 163 and 164: Automatic numeric coercion makes li
Page 165 and 166: True Division This is where divisio
Page 167 and 168: see that the unary operator binds m
Page 169 and 170: Bitwise Operator Function ~num (una
Page 171 and 172: In addition, because of the unifica
Page 173 and 174: divmod(10,2.5) (4.0, 0.0) >>> divmo
Page 175 and 176: floor(-1.2) -2.0 round(-1.2) -1.0 -
Page 178 and 179: 5.7. Other Numeric Types 5.7.1. Boo
Page 180 and 181: cannot "be continued." If we were t
Page 182 and 183: uniform() Does almost the same thin
Page 184 and 185: 5.9. Exercises The exercises in thi
Page 186 and 187: Why do we get 134L and not 1342 in
Page 188 and 189: Chapter 6. Sequences: Strings, List
Page 190 and 191: obj not in seq Tests if obj is not
Page 192 and 193: if not provided, or if None is used
Page 194 and 195: Extended Slicing with Stride Indice
Page 196 and 197: above. 6.1.3. Built-in Functions (B
Page 200 and 201: considered a substring. To access s
Page 202 and 203: 6.3. Strings and Operators 6.3.1. S
Page 204 and 205: Notice how the omission of both ind
Page 206 and 207: numeric identifier strings that we
Page 208 and 209: method (see example below). There i
Page 210 and 211: 6.4. String-Only Operators 6.4.1. F
Page 212 and 213: '6c' >>> >>> "%X" % 108 '6C' >>> >>
Page 214 and 215: >>> print s.substitute(lang='Python
Page 216 and 217: 6.5. Built-in Functions 6.5.1. Stan
Page 218 and 219: isinstance() calls to verify type:
Page 220 and 221: string.isalpha() [a] , [b] [c] Retu
Page 222 and 223: >>> quest.endswith('color?') True >
Page 224 and 225: \t 011 9 0x09 HT Horizontal tab \n
Page 226: string was created when the operati
Page 229 and 230: convert the numeric value of the by
Page 231 and 232: Example 6.2. Simple Unicode String
Page 233 and 234: Mistake #2: Using the string module
Page 236 and 237: 6.9. Related Modules Table 6.10 lis
Page 238: 6.10. Summary of String Highlights
Page 241 and 242: How to Update Lists You can update
Page 243 and 244: str_list[2] 'over' >>> str_list[:2]
Page 245: Traceback (innermost last): File ""
Page 248 and 249:
3. 4. 5. If elements are of the sam
Page 250 and 251:
sum(a, 5) 20 >>> a = [6., 4., 5.] >
Page 252 and 253:
[a] Removes and returns obj at give
Page 254 and 255:
original list object is left as is,
Page 256 and 257:
28 while True: 29 while True: 30 tr
Page 258 and 259:
(Q)uit Enter choice: v You picked:
Page 260 and 261:
Line-by-Line Explanation Because of
Page 262 and 263:
6.16. Tuples Tuples are another con
Page 264 and 265:
6.17. Tuple Operators and Built-in
Page 266 and 267:
6.18. Special Features of Tuples 6.
Page 268 and 269:
(4, True, 5) >>> (4, 2) < (3, 5) #
Page 270 and 271:
6.19. Related Modules Table 6.12 li
Page 272 and 273:
[id(x) for x in hubby] [9919616, 11
Page 274 and 275:
6.21. Summary of Sequences Sequence
Page 276 and 277:
str() • • • strip() • swapc
Page 278 and 279:
d. Take a string and append a backw
Page 280 and 281:
6-12. Strings. a. b. c. Create a fu
Page 282 and 283:
6-19. Multi-Column Output. Given an
Page 284 and 285:
7.1. Mapping Type: Dictionaries Dic
Page 286 and 287:
dict2 = {'name': 'earth', 'port': 8
Page 288 and 289:
dict2['arch'] = 'sunos5' # add new
Page 290 and 291:
Beginning with Python 2.2, programm
Page 292 and 293:
size, their keys match, and so do t
Page 294 and 295:
dict(zip(('x', 'y'), (1, 2))) {'y':
Page 296 and 297:
7.4. Mapping Type Built-in Methods
Page 298 and 299:
dict2= {'host':'earth', 'port':80}
Page 300 and 301:
7.5. Dictionary Keys Dictionary val
Page 302 and 303:
39 try: 40 choice = raw_input(promp
Page 304 and 305:
7.6. Set Types In mathematics, a se
Page 306 and 307:
... print i ... c e h o p s How to
Page 308 and 309:
superset of the second set (is a su
Page 310 and 311:
s &= set('shop') >>> s set(['h', 's
Page 312 and 313:
7.9. Set Type Built-in Methods 7.9.
Page 314 and 315:
7.10. Operator, Function/Method Sum
Page 316 and 317:
7.11. Related Modules The sets modu
Page 318 and 319:
7-5. userpw2.py. The following prob
Page 320 and 321:
characters in srcstr that are beyon
Page 322 and 323:
Chapter 8. Conditionals and Loops C
Page 324 and 325:
8.2. else Statement Like other lang
Page 326 and 327:
8.3. elif (aka else-if) Statement e
Page 328:
8.4. Conditional Expressions (aka "
Page 331 and 332:
One must use caution when using whi
Page 333 and 334:
Iterating by Sequence Item >>> name
Page 335 and 336:
ange(start, end, step=1) range() wi
Page 337 and 338:
are "sequence-related" is that half
Page 339 and 340:
8.8. continue Statement Core Note:
Page 341 and 342:
8.10. else Statement ... Take Two I
Page 343 and 344:
8.11. Iterators and the iter() Func
Page 345 and 346:
Dictionaries Dictionaries and files
Page 347 and 348:
8.12. List Comprehensions List comp
Page 349 and 350:
and split each line up into words,
Page 351 and 352:
of building up this long list, it w
Page 353 and 354:
lines)? That way, we can use the ma
Page 355 and 356:
8.15. Exercises 8-1. Conditionals.
Page 357 and 358:
8-9. Fibonacci Numbers. The Fibonac
Page 360 and 361:
Chapter 9. Files and Input/Output C
Page 362 and 363:
9.2. File Built-in Functions [open(
Page 364 and 365:
you see references to open(), you c
Page 366 and 367:
Note that there is no "writeline()"
Page 368 and 369:
We originally described how this pr
Page 370 and 371:
f.seek(-12, 1) # move back 12 bytes
Page 372 and 373:
9.4. File Built-in Attributes File
Page 374 and 375:
9.6. Command-Line Arguments The sys
Page 376 and 377:
9.7. File System Access to your fil
Page 378 and 379:
Separation basename() Remove direct
Page 380 and 381:
53 print '*** deleting test file' 5
Page 382 and 383:
to confirm that the directory is in
Page 384 and 385:
9.8. File Execution Whether we want
Page 386 and 387:
other external extension modules th
Page 388 and 389:
9.10. Related Modules There are ple
Page 390 and 391:
Some other Python modules that gene
Page 392 and 393:
9-10. Home Finances. Create a home
Page 394 and 395:
9-15. Copying Files. Prompt for two
Page 396 and 397:
9-24. File Transfer Between Archive
Page 398 and 399:
10.1. What Are Exceptions? 10.1.1.
Page 400 and 401:
10.2. Exceptions in Python As you w
Page 402 and 403:
our case with the foo (non-)attribu
Page 404 and 405:
As you can see, our code now runs s
Page 406 and 407:
etval = None return retval Bear in
Page 408 and 409:
except (Exc1[, Exc2[, ... ExcN]])[,
Page 410 and 411:
except Exception, e: # handle real
Page 412 and 413:
try: ... float(['float() does not',
Page 414 and 415:
13 log = open('cardlog.txt', 'w') 1
Page 416 and 417:
determine whether there were defect
Page 418 and 419:
log.write('no txns this month\n') f
Page 420 and 421:
10.4. Context Management 10.4.1. wi
Page 422 and 423:
Now the with_suite executes. When e
Page 424 and 425:
10.6. Raising Exceptions The interp
Page 426 and 427:
aise string, args, tb Same as above
Page 428 and 429:
try: assert 1 == 0, 'One does not e
Page 430 and 431:
[d] Error in FloatingPointError flo
Page 432 and 433:
[h] Unicode- UnicodeError related e
Page 434 and 435:
10.9. *Creating Exceptions Although
Page 436 and 437:
79 f.close() 80 81 for eachTest in
Page 438 and 439:
the host's name and the port number
Page 440 and 441:
10.10. Why Exceptions (Now)? There
Page 442 and 443:
10.12. Exceptions and the sys Modul
Page 444 and 445:
10.14. Exercises 10-1. Raising Exce
Page 446 and 447:
10-9. Improving math.sqrt(). The ma
Page 448 and 449:
11.1. What Are Functions? Functions
Page 450 and 451:
Stated Number of Objects to Return
Page 452 and 453:
Keyword arguments may also be used
Page 454 and 455:
Line-by-Line Explanation Lines 14 O
Page 456 and 457:
11.3. Creating Functions 11.3.1. de
Page 458 and 459:
modules foo and bar, but can use th
Page 460 and 461:
The main motivation behind decorato
Page 462 and 463:
func = deco1(deco_arg)(deco2(func))
Page 464 and 465:
11.4. Passing Functions The concept
Page 466 and 467:
11.5. Formal Arguments A Python fun
Page 468 and 469:
mandatory, whereas default argument
Page 471 and 472:
11.6. Variable-Length Arguments The
Page 473 and 474:
formal arg1: 1220 formal arg2: 740.
Page 475 and 476:
We will leave a timeit() function a
Page 477 and 478:
11.7. Functional Programming Python
Page 479 and 480:
a(0,9) 9 >>> >>> b = lambda *z: z >
Page 481 and 482:
In Figure 11-1, we observe our orig
Page 483 and 484:
consisting of all the return values
Page 485 and 486:
sequences together. This idiom was
Page 487 and 488:
print 'the total is:', reduce((lamb
Page 489 and 490:
some of those arguments, such as ma
Page 491 and 492:
11.8. Variable Scope The scope of a
Page 493 and 494:
print is_this_global def 11.8.3. Nu
Page 495 and 496:
count2 = counter(100) >>> print cou
Page 497 and 498:
For example, let us assume that fun
Page 499 and 500:
name, e.g., post_logged() will log
Page 501 and 502:
variable. Beginning in 2.1, the ent
Page 503 and 504:
11.9. *Recursion A function is recu
Page 505 and 506:
Now that we have our generator func
Page 507 and 508:
count.next() 5 >>> count.next() 6 >
Page 509 and 510:
11-3. Functions. In this exercise,
Page 511 and 512:
11-14. *Recursion. We also looked a
Page 513 and 514:
12.1. What Are Modules? A module al
Page 515 and 516:
definitely vary as you go from syst
Page 517 and 518:
Notice that each of the namespaces
Page 519 and 520:
You will see just how useful they a
Page 521 and 522:
It is possible to import specific m
Page 523 and 524:
12.5. Features of Module Import 12.
Page 525 and 526:
# impter.py # ############# import
Page 527 and 528:
getting them "registered" (or rathe
Page 529 and 530:
foo() We are going to ask for the d
Page 531 and 532:
Furthermore, we can go down one mor
Page 534 and 535:
12.8. Other Features of Modules 12.
Page 536 and 537:
# overly massive handlers for the c
Page 538 and 539:
12.9. Related Modules The following
Page 540 and 541:
12-6. Extended Import. Create a new
Page 542 and 543:
13.1. Introduction Before we get in
Page 544 and 545:
class MyNewObjectType: 'define MyNe
Page 546 and 547:
(We will add print statements to ou
Page 548 and 549:
Each subclass must define its own c
Page 550 and 551:
13.2. Object-Oriented Programming T
Page 552 and 553:
interfacing with components of the
Page 554 and 555:
derive; and class_suite consists of
Page 556 and 557:
100 >>> C.foo = C.foo + 1 >>> print
Page 558 and 559:
As you can tell, dir() returns a li
Page 560 and 561:
ascertain the location of a class s
Page 562 and 563:
In contrast for those of you using
Page 564 and 565:
id(c1), id(c2), id(c3) # all refer
Page 566 and 567:
13.6. Instance Attributes Instances
Page 568 and 569:
wasWkEnd = HotelRoomCalc(119, 0.045
Page 570 and 571:
The __dict__ attribute consists of
Page 572 and 573:
However, we can only update the val
Page 574 and 575:
As we have seen above, it is perilo
Page 576 and 577:
override a parent method where you
Page 578 and 579:
tcm = TestClassMethod() >>> TestCla
Page 580 and 581:
13.10. Subclassing and Derivation C
Page 582 and 583:
13.11. Inheritance Inheritance desc
Page 584 and 585:
Now let us create the child class C
Page 586 and 587:
class C(P): def __init__(self): sup
Page 588 and 589:
def keys(self): return sorted(self.
Page 590 and 591:
gc = GC() >>> gc.foo() # GC C1 P1 c
Page 592 and 593:
class B(object): pass class C(objec
Page 594 and 595:
isinstance(c2, C2) True >>> isinsta
Page 596 and 597:
The super() function was added in 2
Page 598 and 599:
13.13. Customizing Classes with Spe
Page 600 and 601:
C.__*rshift__(self, obj) Right shif
Page 602 and 603:
The Numeric Types set of special me
Page 604 and 605:
We still have a few problems ... on
Page 606 and 607:
The output is very nice, exactly wh
Page 608 and 609:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 class T
Page 610 and 611:
from randseq import RandSeq >>> for
Page 612 and 613:
Addition We define the addition ope
Page 614 and 615:
[9 :: 'foofoofoo'] >>> b + e [3 ::
Page 616 and 617:
which we raise in such cases. Lines
Page 618 and 619:
13.15. *Delegation 13.15.1. Wrappin
Page 620 and 621:
wrappedComplex.imag # imaginary att
Page 622 and 623:
Creation time, modification time, a
Page 624 and 625:
Wrapping a Specific Object with Enh
Page 626 and 627:
13.16. Advanced Features of New-Sty
Page 628 and 629:
preventing users from adding instan
Page 630 and 631:
A descriptor is a class attribute,
Page 632 and 633:
hide such a descriptor, just as you
Page 634 and 635:
43 FileDescr.saved.remove(self.name
Page 636 and 637:
If we try it out, we see that it sa
Page 638 and 639:
def fget(self): return ~self.__x de
Page 640 and 641:
print '*** Created class %r at: %s'
Page 642 and 643:
44 __metaclass__ = ReqStrSugRepr 45
Page 644 and 645:
... print '%s(%d, %d) = %d' % \ ...
Page 646 and 647:
13.18. Exercises 13-1. Programming.
Page 648 and 649:
cash.update(100000.4567) >>> cash 1
Page 650 and 651:
13-9. Queue Class. A queue is a dat
Page 652 and 653:
13-17. Subclassing Numeric Types. T
Page 654 and 655:
Chapter 14. Execution Environment C
Page 656 and 657:
Internally, BIFs are represented as
Page 658 and 659:
__dict__ object. Later on in this c
Page 660 and 661:
>>> c.foo # bound method object >>
Page 662 and 663:
14.2. Code Objects Callables are a
Page 664 and 665:
14.3.2. compile() compile() is a fu
Page 666 and 667:
not a string representation of an i
Page 668 and 669:
The above was performed with raw_in
Page 670 and 671:
-----------------------------------
Page 672 and 673:
A sequence was chosen; enter the se
Page 674 and 675:
them into real Python objects. Othe
Page 676 and 677:
import import2 And here are the con
Page 678 and 679:
$ python /usr/local/lib/python2x/CG
Page 680 and 681:
wait() Wait for child process to co
Page 682 and 683:
As you can see, popen() returns a f
Page 684 and 685:
14.5.5. subprocess Module After Pyt
Page 686 and 687:
14.6. Restricted Execution At one t
Page 688 and 689:
Calling sys.exit() causes the Pytho
Page 690 and 691:
14.8. Miscellaneous Operating Syste
Page 692 and 693:
14.9. Related Modules In Table 14.9
Page 694 and 695:
14-9. Shells. Create a shell (opera
Page 696 and 697:
Chapter 15. Regular Expressions Cha
Page 698 and 699:
Python supports REs through the sta
Page 700 and 701:
15.2. Special Symbols and Character
Page 702 and 703:
"\.". 15.2.3. Matching from the Beg
Page 704 and 705:
We will now introduce the most comm
Page 706 and 707:
\d+(\.\d*)? Strings representing si
Page 708 and 709:
match(pattern, string, flags=0) Att
Page 710 and 711:
m = re.match('foo', 'foo') # patter
Page 712 and 713:
15.3.7. Matching Any Single Charact
Page 714 and 715:
... >>> In the above code, we creat
Page 716 and 717:
Subgroup searches result in a more
Page 718 and 719:
saving the output to a whodata.txt
Page 720 and 721:
15.4. Regular Expressions Example W
Page 722 and 723:
domain. After the final double-colo
Page 724 and 725:
patt = '\d+-\d+-\d+' >>> re.search(
Page 726 and 727:
15.5. Exercises Regular Expressions
Page 728 and 729:
15-19. Extract the complete timesta
Page 730 and 731:
16.1. Introduction 16.1.1. What Is
Page 732 and 733:
The teller is, of course, the serve
Page 734 and 735:
16.2. Sockets: Communication Endpoi
Page 736 and 737:
word "datagram." Because these sock
Page 738 and 739:
Method Description Server Socket Me
Page 740 and 741:
We do not implement this in our exa
Page 742 and 743:
it can immediately make a connectio
Page 744 and 745:
One way to create this "friendly" e
Page 746 and 747:
cs = socket() # create client socke
Page 748 and 749:
[a] Socket address families support
Page 750 and 751:
16.4. *SocketServer Module SocketSe
Page 752 and 753:
Lines 1115 18 print 'waiting for co
Page 754 and 755:
$ And here is the server's: $ tsTse
Page 756 and 757:
This is a timestamp TCP server usin
Page 758 and 759:
calling the write() method of the t
Page 761 and 762:
16.7. Exercises 16-1. Sockets. What
Page 763 and 764:
3. Add logging capability to your n
Page 765 and 766:
17.1. What Are Internet Clients? Be
Page 767 and 768:
3. 4. Client logs in with username
Page 769 and 770:
pwd() Current working directory cwd
Page 771 and 772:
31 f.quit() 32 return 33 print '***
Page 773 and 774:
after-hours, using Python is a grea
Page 775 and 776:
17.3.3. Python and NNTP Based on yo
Page 777 and 778:
article (id) Also similar to body()
Page 779 and 780:
16 except socket.gaierror, e: 17 pr
Page 781 and 782:
deltas = [ x[1]-x[0] for x in parti
Page 783 and 784:
17.4. Electronic Mail Electronic ma
Page 785 and 786:
4. Make service request(s) Quit As
Page 787 and 788:
data: (250, 'ok ; id=20051226235837
Page 789 and 790:
... p.quit() Before we take a look
Page 791 and 792:
any errors. Example 17.3. SMTP and
Page 793 and 794:
17.5. Related Modules One of Python
Page 795 and 796:
17.6. Exercises FTP 17-1. Simple FT
Page 797 and 798:
E-MAIL 17-16. Threaded Newsreader.
Page 799 and 800:
Miscellaneous c. d. e. - Is the mes
Page 801 and 802:
Chapter 18. Multithreaded Programmi
Page 804 and 805:
18.2. Threads and Processes 18.2.1.
Page 806 and 807:
Those of you interested in the sour
Page 808 and 809:
18.3.5. Python Threading Modules Py
Page 810 and 811:
The same loops from onethr.py are e
Page 812 and 813:
25 thread.start_new_thread(loop, 26
Page 814 and 815:
18.5. tHReading Module We will now
Page 816 and 817:
isDaemon() Return daemon flag of th
Page 818 and 819:
In this example we pass in a callab
Page 820 and 821:
19 print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:'
Page 822 and 823:
16 def sum(x): 17 sleep(0.1) 18 if
Page 824 and 825:
We use the Queue module to provide
Page 826 and 827:
for random numbers!) Seriously, tho
Page 828 and 829:
18.7. Exercises 18-1. Processes ver
Page 830 and 831:
Chapter 19. GUI Programming Chapter
Page 832 and 833:
distribution for specific instructi
Page 834 and 835:
some applications use root rather t
Page 836 and 837:
either from the Tkinter topics page
Page 838 and 839:
Example 19.2. Button Widget Demo (t
Page 840 and 841:
in the Label widget. The greater th
Page 842 and 843:
PFAs fits perfectly into a situatio
Page 844 and 845:
Lines 3033 These lines represent ou
Page 846 and 847:
71 def doLS(self, ev=None): 72 erro
Page 848 and 849:
Line-by-Line Explanation Lines 15 T
Page 850 and 851:
The last pieces of code in listdir.
Page 852 and 853:
Things are different once we start
Page 854 and 855:
Our second example uses the Python
Page 856 and 857:
Lines 537 Here we instantiate a Fra
Page 858 and 859:
our primary widgets. This is exactl
Page 860 and 861:
Qt/KDE-Related Modules PyQt Python
Page 862 and 863:
19-9. Multithreaded Chat Applicatio
Page 864 and 865:
20.1. Introduction This introductor
Page 866 and 867:
As you can see from the figure, the
Page 868 and 869:
net_loc can be broken down into sev
Page 870 and 871:
urlunparse(urltup) Unparses a tuple
Page 872 and 873:
urlretrieve(urlstr, localfile=None,
Page 874 and 875:
87 if eachLink not in self.q: 88 se
Page 876 and 877:
urllib Functions Description urlope
Page 878 and 879:
(). This code was inspired by Mike
Page 880 and 881:
parse the newly downloaded page and
Page 882 and 883:
20.4. CGI: Helping Web Servers Proc
Page 884 and 885:
Finally, as you can probably guess,
Page 886 and 887:
This HTML file presents a form to t
Page 888 and 889:
Example 20.4. Results Screen CGI co
Page 890 and 891:
Both friends.html and friends1.py a
Page 892 and 893:
The other reason for creating actio
Page 894 and 895:
12 ERROR 13 %s 14 16 ''' 17 18 def
Page 896 and 897:
link with all the existing informat
Page 898 and 899:
Now the user is able to make change
Page 900 and 901:
This script outputs Unicode strings
Page 902 and 903:
When more than one checkbox is subm
Page 904 and 905:
Figure 20-16. Submitting our advanc
Page 906 and 907:
Figure 20-17. Results page generate
Page 908 and 909:
This script has one main class that
Page 910 and 911:
113 MAXBYTES = 1024 114 langlist =
Page 912 and 913:
all the information and sends the f
Page 914 and 915:
20.8. Web (HTTP) Servers Until now,
Page 916 and 917:
33 main() This server subclasses Ba
Page 918 and 919:
[b] Interface to the non-validating
Page 920 and 921:
20.10. Exercises 20-1. urllib Modul
Page 922 and 923:
20-19. Electronic Commerce Engine.
Page 924 and 925:
Chapter 21. Database Programming Ch
Page 926 and 927:
When you query a database, you can
Page 928 and 929:
Python world. As a software enginee
Page 930 and 931:
This string (not float) indicates t
Page 932 and 933:
DatabaseError Database error DataEr
Page 934 and 935:
callproc( func[, args]) Call a stor
Page 936 and 937:
● http://python.org/topics/databa
Page 938 and 939:
cur.execute("INSERT INTO users VALU
Page 940 and 941:
'', None, '{pgsql=C*T*/pgsql}'] ['t
Page 942 and 943:
23 24 if db == 'sqlite': 25 try: 26
Page 944 and 945:
140 db = setup() 141 print '*** Con
Page 946 and 947:
whereas Gadfly does not, so rows ha
Page 948 and 949:
21.3. Object-Relational Managers (O
Page 950 and 951:
54 def insert(self): 55 d = [dict(z
Page 952 and 953:
44 def create(self): 45 Users = sel
Page 954 and 955:
the rows from the database and pret
Page 956 and 957:
The code works something like this:
Page 958 and 959:
We hope that we have provided you w
Page 960 and 961:
adodbapi http://adodbapi.sf.net Syb
Page 962 and 963:
Chapter 22. Extending Python Chapte
Page 964 and 965:
● Added/extra (non-Python) functi
Page 966 and 967:
The following code represents our l
Page 968 and 969:
usr/include/python2.x, where the "2
Page 970 and 971:
} res = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i",
Page 972 and 973:
PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords() with
Page 974 and 975:
$ python setup.py build running bui
Page 976 and 977:
1 #include 2 #include 3 #include
Page 978 and 979:
after its reference count has decre
Page 980 and 981:
22.3. Related Topics SWIG There is
Page 982 and 983:
22.4. Exercises 22-1. Extending Pyt
Page 984 and 985:
23.1. Web Services There are many W
Page 986 and 987:
The field names are given in the or
Page 988 and 989:
23.2. Programming Microsoft Office
Page 990 and 991:
This script launches Excel and writ
Page 992 and 993:
23.2.3. Microsoft Word The next dem
Page 994 and 995:
Applying PowerPoint in an applicati
Page 996 and 997:
This script launches Outlook, creat
Page 998 and 999:
Then when you are trying to send a
Page 1000 and 1001:
Lines 113 We import all of the attr
Page 1002 and 1003:
23.3. Python and Java Programming w
Page 1004 and 1005:
Example 23.8. Swing "Hello World" i
Page 1006 and 1007:
23.4. Exercises Web Services 23-1.
Page 1008 and 1009:
23-15. Excel Cell Formatting. In th
Page 1010 and 1011:
23-21. Python and Jython. Find a Py
Page 1012 and 1013:
Chapter 22 Chapter 23
Page 1014 and 1015:
or print i, s[i] for i, x in enumer
Page 1016 and 1017:
Chapter 4 1. Python objects All Pyt
Page 1018 and 1019:
When i % 2 == 0, it's even (divisib
Page 1020 and 1021:
Chapter 7 1. Dictionary methods dic
Page 1022 and 1023:
Chapter 8 3. range() built-in funct
Page 1024:
Chapter 10 1. Raising exceptions e)
Page 1027 and 1028:
Chapter 12 2. Importing attributes
Page 1029 and 1030:
Chapter 14 1. Callable objects Func
Page 1031 and 1032:
9. Python floats [0-9]+(\.[0-9]*)?
Page 1033 and 1034:
Chapter 17 20. Identifiers pass is
Page 1035 and 1036:
Chapter 19 1. Client/server archite
Page 1037 and 1038:
Chapter 21 1. Extending Python ●
Page 1039 and 1040:
Chapter 23 3. Web services and the
Page 1041 and 1042:
Python Keywords Table B.1 lists Pyt
Page 1043 and 1044:
[a] Boolean comparisons return eith
Page 1045 and 1046:
% Modulo/remainder • • • •
Page 1047 and 1048:
isnumeric() • isspace() • istit
Page 1049 and 1050:
String Format Operator Conversion S
Page 1051 and 1052:
- Use left justification + Use a pl
Page 1053 and 1054:
string.isdigit() [b] [c] Returns tr
Page 1055 and 1056:
List Type Built-in Methods In Table
Page 1057 and 1058:
[c] New in Python 2.3. [d] New in P
Page 1059 and 1060:
s.copy() Copy operation: return (sh
Page 1061 and 1062:
[d] Encoding that this file useswhe
Page 1063 and 1064:
OverflowError Calculation exceeded
Page 1065:
[i] Warning about FutureWarning con
Page 1068 and 1069:
[a] Get attribute; getattr() built-
Page 1070 and 1071:
__radd__, or __iadd__. [f] New in P
Page 1072 and 1073:
= • • • • • • • •
Page 1074 and 1075:
Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E]
Page 1076 and 1077:
| (pipe symbol) 2nd 3rd |= (pipe eq
Page 1078 and 1079:
arguments class methods command-lin
Page 1080 and 1081:
Page 1082 and 1083:
Page 1084 and 1085:
instance attributes vs. methods mod
Page 1086 and 1087:
compound statements concatenation (
Page 1088 and 1089:
Page 1090 and 1091:
copy( ) creating 2nd dict( ) exact
Page 1093 and 1094:
Page 1095 and 1096:
sys module try statement with multi
Page 1097 and 1098:
Page 1099 and 1100:
float( ) built-in function 2nd floa
Page 1101 and 1102:
eturn values standard type 2nd vari
Page 1103 and 1104:
grouping 2nd groups( ) method GTK+
Page 1105 and 1106:
Page 1107 and 1108:
installing Python instance attribut
Page 1109 and 1110:
through files iterators about any n
Page 1111 and 1112:
Page 1113 and 1114:
list( ) built-in function 2nd list(
Page 1115 and 1116:
Page 1117 and 1118:
for re module group(s) invoking 2nd
Page 1119 and 1120:
modulus operator MRO [See method re
Page 1121 and 1122:
and OOP classic classes vs. descrip
Page 1123 and 1124:
Page 1125 and 1126:
intersection update ( &= ) key-look
Page 1127 and 1128:
Page 1129 and 1130:
PyQt PyQtGPL Pyrex Python Enhanceme
Page 1131 and 1132:
Page 1133 and 1134:
tuple elements/tuples repetition li
Page 1135 and 1136:
for statement used with keys for 2n
Page 1137 and 1138:
about as original Internet protocol
Page 1139 and 1140:
ules for suites static data static
Page 1141 and 1142:
subtraction ( - ) operator suites 2
Page 1143 and 1144:
definition of examples exiting glob
Page 1145 and 1146:
categorizing standard function to c
Page 1147:
Universal NEWLINE Support (UNS) 2nd
Page 1150 and 1151:
Page 1152 and 1153:
wxGlade wxPython 2nd 3rd wxWidgets
Page 1154 and 1155:
show all

Core Python Programming (2nd Edition)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?