Core Python Programming (2nd Edition)

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urllib Functions Description urlopen(urlstr, postQueryData=None) Opens the URL urlstr, sending the query data in postQueryData if a POST request urlretrieve(urlstr, localfile=None, downloadStatusHook=None) Downloads the file located at the urlstr URL to localfile or a temporary file if localfile not given; if present, downloaStatusHook is a function that can receive download statistics quote(urldata, safe='/') Encodes invalid URL characters of urldata; characters in safe string are not encoded quote_plus(urldata, safe='/') Same as quote() except encodes spaces as plus (+) signs (rather than as %20) unquote(urldata) Decodes encoded characters of urldata unquote_plus(urldata) Same as unquote() but converts plus signs to spaces urlencode(dict) Encodes the key-value pairs of dict into a valid string for CGI queries and encodes the key and value strings with quote_plus () 20.2.4. urllib2 Module As mentioned in the previous section, urllib2 can handle more complex URL opening. One example is for Web sites with basic authentication (login and password) requirements. The most straightforward solution to "getting past security" is to use the extended net_loc URL component as described earlier in this chapter, i.e., http://user:passwd@www.python.org. The problem with this solution is that it is not programmatic. Using urllib2, however, we can tackle this problem in two different ways. We can create a basic authentication handler (urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler) and "register" a login password given the base URL and perhaps a realm, meaning a string defining the secure area of the Web site. (For more on realms, see RFC 2617 [HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication]). Once this is done, you can "install" a URL-opener with this handler so that all URLs opened will use our handler. The other alternative is to simulate typing the username and password when prompted by a browser and that is to send an HTTP client request with the appropriate authorization headers. In Example 20.1 we can easily identify each of these two methods. Example 20.1. HTTP Auth Client (urlopen-auth.py)
This script uses both techniques described above for basic authentication. 1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 import urllib2 4 5 LOGIN = 'wesc' 6 PASSWD = "you'llNeverGuess" 7 URL = 'http://localhost' 8 9 def handler_version(url): 10 from urlparse import urlparse as up 11 hdlr = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler() 12 hdlr.add_password('Archives', up(url)[1], LOGIN, PASSWD) 13 opener = urllib2.build_opener(hdlr) 14 urllib2.install_opener(opener) 15 return url 16 17 def request_version(url): 18 from base64 import encodestring 19 req = urllib2.Request(url) 20 b64str = encodestring('%s:%s' % (LOGIN, PASSWD))[:-1] 21 req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str) 22 return req 23 24 for funcType in ('handler', 'request'): 25 print '*** Using %s:' % funcType.upper() 26 url = eval('%s_version')(URL) 27 f = urllib2.urlopen(url) 28 print f.readline() 29 f.close() Line-by-Line Explanation Lines 17 The usual setup plus some constants for the rest of the script to use. Lines 915 The "handler" version of the code allocates a basic handler class as described earlier, then adds the authentication information. The handler is then used to create a URL-opener that is then installed so that all URLs opened will use the given authentication. This code was adapted from the official <strong>Python</strong> documentation for the urllib2 module. Lines 1722 The "request" version of our code just builds a Request object and adds the simple base64-encoded authentication header into our HTTP request. This request is then used to substitute the URL string when calling urlopen() upon returning back to "main." Note that the original URL was built into the Request object, hence the reason why it was not a problem to replace it in the subsequent call to urllib2.urlopen
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Table of Contents | Index Core Pyth
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The Complete Developer's Guide to P
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Table of Contents | Index Copyright
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Section 6.2. Strings Section 6.3. S
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Section 11.5. Formal Arguments Sect
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Section 19.4. Brief Tour of Other G
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Copyright Many of the designations
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Praise for Core Python Programming
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Prentice Hall Core Series Core J2EE
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Another set of first edition reader
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We will continue to update the book
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Dictionaries are Python's mapping o
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and you will find it fun! We first
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments for
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Christian Tismer (creator of Stackl
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Chapter 1. Welcome to Python! Chapt
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1.2. Origins Work on Python began i
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which you can build an application,
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often provides an extended distract
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Build It Yourself For most other pl
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Windows/DOS To add Python to your s
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It is also possible in Unix to auto
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MacOS X is very Unix-like (based on
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Figure 1-5. Starting IDLE in Window
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1.6. Python Documentation Python do
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orrow features from languages such
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1.8. Other Implementations The "sta
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1.9. Exercises 1-1. Python Installa
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abs(4) 4 >>> abs(-4) 4 We will intr
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%s means to substitute a string whi
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It's very tempting for beginners to
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2.4. Operators The standard mathema
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2.5. Variables and Assignment Rules
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All numeric types are covered in Ch
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2.8. Lists and Tuples Lists and tup
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2.10. Code Blocks Use Indentation C
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2.12. while Loop The standard while
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Using the string format operator al
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2.14. List Comprehensions These are
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case you would have to revert back
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2.17. Functions Like many other lan
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2.18. Classes Classes are a core pa
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2.19. Modules A module is a logical
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2.20. Useful Functions In this chap
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2-4. User Input with raw_input(). a
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put in your own as you write your c
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Chapter 3. Python Basics Chapter To
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3.1.3. Multiple Statement Groups as
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3.2. Variable Assignment This secti
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Another way of assigning multiple v
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[a] access keyword obsoleted as of
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three PEPs: 7 (Style Guide for C Co
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3. Module imports Import all the mo
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Tests in the main body are an easy
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As responsible programmers, we are
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● It is explicitly removed from a
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Lines 13 The Unix startup line is f
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1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 'readTe
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3.7. Related Modules/Developer Tool
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3-10. Exceptions. Replace the call
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4.1. Python Objects Python uses the
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4.3. Other Built-in Types ● Type
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4.4. Internal Types ● Code ● Fr
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4.5. Standard Type Operators 4.5.1.
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Example 2: foo1 and foo2 reference
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4.5.3. Boolean In the above example
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4.6. Standard Type Built-in Functio
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str(2e10) '20000000000.0' >>> >>> s
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>>> type(foo) # assumes foo instant
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then we do not even need to check b
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4.7. Type Factory Functions Since P
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Another way of categorizing the sta
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Sequence types are those whose elem
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4.10. Exercises 4-1. Python Objects
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Chapter 5. Numbers Chapter Topics
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Okay, now that you have a good idea
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Core Style: Use uppercase "L" with
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5.3. Double Precision Floating Poin
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aComplex.real -8.333 >>> aComplex.i
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Automatic numeric coercion makes li
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True Division This is where divisio
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see that the unary operator binds m
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Bitwise Operator Function ~num (una
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In addition, because of the unifica
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divmod(10,2.5) (4.0, 0.0) >>> divmo
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floor(-1.2) -2.0 round(-1.2) -1.0 -
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5.7. Other Numeric Types 5.7.1. Boo
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cannot "be continued." If we were t
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uniform() Does almost the same thin
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5.9. Exercises The exercises in thi
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Why do we get 134L and not 1342 in
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Chapter 6. Sequences: Strings, List
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obj not in seq Tests if obj is not
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if not provided, or if None is used
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Extended Slicing with Stride Indice
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above. 6.1.3. Built-in Functions (B
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[a] New in Python 2.3. [b] key argu
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considered a substring. To access s
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6.3. Strings and Operators 6.3.1. S
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Notice how the omission of both ind
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numeric identifier strings that we
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method (see example below). There i
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6.4. String-Only Operators 6.4.1. F
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'6c' >>> >>> "%X" % 108 '6C' >>> >>
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>>> print s.substitute(lang='Python
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6.5. Built-in Functions 6.5.1. Stan
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isinstance() calls to verify type:
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string.isalpha() [a] , [b] [c] Retu
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>>> quest.endswith('color?') True >
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\t 011 9 0x09 HT Horizontal tab \n
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string was created when the operati
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convert the numeric value of the by
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Example 6.2. Simple Unicode String
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Mistake #2: Using the string module
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6.9. Related Modules Table 6.10 lis
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6.10. Summary of String Highlights
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How to Update Lists You can update
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str_list[2] 'over' >>> str_list[:2]
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Traceback (innermost last): File ""
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3. 4. 5. If elements are of the sam
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sum(a, 5) 20 >>> a = [6., 4., 5.] >
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[a] Removes and returns obj at give
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original list object is left as is,
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28 while True: 29 while True: 30 tr
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(Q)uit Enter choice: v You picked:
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Line-by-Line Explanation Because of
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6.16. Tuples Tuples are another con
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6.17. Tuple Operators and Built-in
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6.18. Special Features of Tuples 6.
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(4, True, 5) >>> (4, 2) < (3, 5) #
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6.19. Related Modules Table 6.12 li
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[id(x) for x in hubby] [9919616, 11
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6.21. Summary of Sequences Sequence
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str() • • • strip() • swapc
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d. Take a string and append a backw
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6-12. Strings. a. b. c. Create a fu
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6-19. Multi-Column Output. Given an
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7.1. Mapping Type: Dictionaries Dic
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dict2 = {'name': 'earth', 'port': 8
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dict2['arch'] = 'sunos5' # add new
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Beginning with Python 2.2, programm
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size, their keys match, and so do t
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dict(zip(('x', 'y'), (1, 2))) {'y':
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7.4. Mapping Type Built-in Methods
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dict2= {'host':'earth', 'port':80}
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7.5. Dictionary Keys Dictionary val
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39 try: 40 choice = raw_input(promp
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7.6. Set Types In mathematics, a se
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... print i ... c e h o p s How to
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superset of the second set (is a su
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s &= set('shop') >>> s set(['h', 's
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7.9. Set Type Built-in Methods 7.9.
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7.10. Operator, Function/Method Sum
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7.11. Related Modules The sets modu
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7-5. userpw2.py. The following prob
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characters in srcstr that are beyon
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Chapter 8. Conditionals and Loops C
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8.2. else Statement Like other lang
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8.3. elif (aka else-if) Statement e
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8.4. Conditional Expressions (aka "
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One must use caution when using whi
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Iterating by Sequence Item >>> name
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ange(start, end, step=1) range() wi
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are "sequence-related" is that half
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8.8. continue Statement Core Note:
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8.10. else Statement ... Take Two I
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8.11. Iterators and the iter() Func
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Dictionaries Dictionaries and files
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8.12. List Comprehensions List comp
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and split each line up into words,
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of building up this long list, it w
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lines)? That way, we can use the ma
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8.15. Exercises 8-1. Conditionals.
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8-9. Fibonacci Numbers. The Fibonac
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Chapter 9. Files and Input/Output C
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9.2. File Built-in Functions [open(
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you see references to open(), you c
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Note that there is no "writeline()"
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We originally described how this pr
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f.seek(-12, 1) # move back 12 bytes
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9.4. File Built-in Attributes File
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9.6. Command-Line Arguments The sys
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9.7. File System Access to your fil
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Separation basename() Remove direct
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53 print '*** deleting test file' 5
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to confirm that the directory is in
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9.8. File Execution Whether we want
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other external extension modules th
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9.10. Related Modules There are ple
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Some other Python modules that gene
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9-10. Home Finances. Create a home
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9-15. Copying Files. Prompt for two
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9-24. File Transfer Between Archive
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10.1. What Are Exceptions? 10.1.1.
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10.2. Exceptions in Python As you w
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our case with the foo (non-)attribu
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As you can see, our code now runs s
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etval = None return retval Bear in
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except (Exc1[, Exc2[, ... ExcN]])[,
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except Exception, e: # handle real
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try: ... float(['float() does not',
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13 log = open('cardlog.txt', 'w') 1
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determine whether there were defect
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log.write('no txns this month\n') f
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10.4. Context Management 10.4.1. wi
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Now the with_suite executes. When e
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10.6. Raising Exceptions The interp
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aise string, args, tb Same as above
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try: assert 1 == 0, 'One does not e
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[d] Error in FloatingPointError flo
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[h] Unicode- UnicodeError related e
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10.9. *Creating Exceptions Although
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79 f.close() 80 81 for eachTest in
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the host's name and the port number
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10.10. Why Exceptions (Now)? There
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10.12. Exceptions and the sys Modul
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10.14. Exercises 10-1. Raising Exce
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10-9. Improving math.sqrt(). The ma
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11.1. What Are Functions? Functions
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Stated Number of Objects to Return
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Keyword arguments may also be used
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Line-by-Line Explanation Lines 14 O
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11.3. Creating Functions 11.3.1. de
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modules foo and bar, but can use th
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The main motivation behind decorato
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func = deco1(deco_arg)(deco2(func))
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11.4. Passing Functions The concept
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11.5. Formal Arguments A Python fun
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mandatory, whereas default argument
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11.6. Variable-Length Arguments The
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formal arg1: 1220 formal arg2: 740.
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We will leave a timeit() function a
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11.7. Functional Programming Python
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a(0,9) 9 >>> >>> b = lambda *z: z >
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In Figure 11-1, we observe our orig
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consisting of all the return values
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sequences together. This idiom was
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print 'the total is:', reduce((lamb
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some of those arguments, such as ma
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11.8. Variable Scope The scope of a
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print is_this_global def 11.8.3. Nu
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count2 = counter(100) >>> print cou
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For example, let us assume that fun
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name, e.g., post_logged() will log
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variable. Beginning in 2.1, the ent
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11.9. *Recursion A function is recu
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Now that we have our generator func
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count.next() 5 >>> count.next() 6 >
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11-3. Functions. In this exercise,
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11-14. *Recursion. We also looked a
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12.1. What Are Modules? A module al
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definitely vary as you go from syst
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Notice that each of the namespaces
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You will see just how useful they a
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It is possible to import specific m
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12.5. Features of Module Import 12.
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# impter.py # ############# import
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getting them "registered" (or rathe
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foo() We are going to ask for the d
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Furthermore, we can go down one mor
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12.8. Other Features of Modules 12.
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# overly massive handlers for the c
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12.9. Related Modules The following
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12-6. Extended Import. Create a new
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13.1. Introduction Before we get in
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class MyNewObjectType: 'define MyNe
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(We will add print statements to ou
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Each subclass must define its own c
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13.2. Object-Oriented Programming T
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interfacing with components of the
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derive; and class_suite consists of
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100 >>> C.foo = C.foo + 1 >>> print
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As you can tell, dir() returns a li
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ascertain the location of a class s
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In contrast for those of you using
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id(c1), id(c2), id(c3) # all refer
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13.6. Instance Attributes Instances
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wasWkEnd = HotelRoomCalc(119, 0.045
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The __dict__ attribute consists of
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However, we can only update the val
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As we have seen above, it is perilo
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override a parent method where you
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tcm = TestClassMethod() >>> TestCla
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13.10. Subclassing and Derivation C
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13.11. Inheritance Inheritance desc
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Now let us create the child class C
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class C(P): def __init__(self): sup
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def keys(self): return sorted(self.
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gc = GC() >>> gc.foo() # GC C1 P1 c
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class B(object): pass class C(objec
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isinstance(c2, C2) True >>> isinsta
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The super() function was added in 2
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13.13. Customizing Classes with Spe
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C.__*rshift__(self, obj) Right shif
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The Numeric Types set of special me
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We still have a few problems ... on
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The output is very nice, exactly wh
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1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 class T
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from randseq import RandSeq >>> for
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Addition We define the addition ope
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[9 :: 'foofoofoo'] >>> b + e [3 ::
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which we raise in such cases. Lines
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13.15. *Delegation 13.15.1. Wrappin
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wrappedComplex.imag # imaginary att
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Creation time, modification time, a
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Wrapping a Specific Object with Enh
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13.16. Advanced Features of New-Sty
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preventing users from adding instan
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A descriptor is a class attribute,
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hide such a descriptor, just as you
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43 FileDescr.saved.remove(self.name
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If we try it out, we see that it sa
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def fget(self): return ~self.__x de
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print '*** Created class %r at: %s'
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44 __metaclass__ = ReqStrSugRepr 45
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... print '%s(%d, %d) = %d' % \ ...
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13.18. Exercises 13-1. Programming.
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cash.update(100000.4567) >>> cash 1
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13-9. Queue Class. A queue is a dat
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13-17. Subclassing Numeric Types. T
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Chapter 14. Execution Environment C
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Internally, BIFs are represented as
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__dict__ object. Later on in this c
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>>> c.foo # bound method object >>
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14.2. Code Objects Callables are a
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14.3.2. compile() compile() is a fu
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not a string representation of an i
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The above was performed with raw_in
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-----------------------------------
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A sequence was chosen; enter the se
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them into real Python objects. Othe
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import import2 And here are the con
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$ python /usr/local/lib/python2x/CG
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wait() Wait for child process to co
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As you can see, popen() returns a f
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14.5.5. subprocess Module After Pyt
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14.6. Restricted Execution At one t
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Calling sys.exit() causes the Pytho
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14.8. Miscellaneous Operating Syste
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14.9. Related Modules In Table 14.9
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14-9. Shells. Create a shell (opera
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Chapter 15. Regular Expressions Cha
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Python supports REs through the sta
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15.2. Special Symbols and Character
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"\.". 15.2.3. Matching from the Beg
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We will now introduce the most comm
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\d+(\.\d*)? Strings representing si
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match(pattern, string, flags=0) Att
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m = re.match('foo', 'foo') # patter
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15.3.7. Matching Any Single Charact
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... >>> In the above code, we creat
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Subgroup searches result in a more
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saving the output to a whodata.txt
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15.4. Regular Expressions Example W
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domain. After the final double-colo
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patt = '\d+-\d+-\d+' >>> re.search(
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15.5. Exercises Regular Expressions
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15-19. Extract the complete timesta
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16.1. Introduction 16.1.1. What Is
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The teller is, of course, the serve
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16.2. Sockets: Communication Endpoi
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word "datagram." Because these sock
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Method Description Server Socket Me
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We do not implement this in our exa
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it can immediately make a connectio
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One way to create this "friendly" e
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cs = socket() # create client socke
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[a] Socket address families support
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16.4. *SocketServer Module SocketSe
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Lines 1115 18 print 'waiting for co
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$ And here is the server's: $ tsTse
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This is a timestamp TCP server usin
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calling the write() method of the t
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16.7. Exercises 16-1. Sockets. What
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3. Add logging capability to your n
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17.1. What Are Internet Clients? Be
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3. 4. Client logs in with username
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pwd() Current working directory cwd
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31 f.quit() 32 return 33 print '***
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after-hours, using Python is a grea
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17.3.3. Python and NNTP Based on yo
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article (id) Also similar to body()
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16 except socket.gaierror, e: 17 pr
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deltas = [ x[1]-x[0] for x in parti
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17.4. Electronic Mail Electronic ma
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4. Make service request(s) Quit As
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data: (250, 'ok ; id=20051226235837
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... p.quit() Before we take a look
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any errors. Example 17.3. SMTP and
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17.5. Related Modules One of Python
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17.6. Exercises FTP 17-1. Simple FT
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E-MAIL 17-16. Threaded Newsreader.
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Miscellaneous c. d. e. - Is the mes
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Chapter 18. Multithreaded Programmi
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18.2. Threads and Processes 18.2.1.
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Those of you interested in the sour
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18.3.5. Python Threading Modules Py
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The same loops from onethr.py are e
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25 thread.start_new_thread(loop, 26
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18.5. tHReading Module We will now
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isDaemon() Return daemon flag of th
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In this example we pass in a callab
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19 print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:'
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16 def sum(x): 17 sleep(0.1) 18 if
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We use the Queue module to provide
Page 826 and 827: for random numbers!) Seriously, tho
Page 828 and 829: 18.7. Exercises 18-1. Processes ver
Page 830 and 831: Chapter 19. GUI Programming Chapter
Page 832 and 833: distribution for specific instructi
Page 834 and 835: some applications use root rather t
Page 836 and 837: either from the Tkinter topics page
Page 838 and 839: Example 19.2. Button Widget Demo (t
Page 840 and 841: in the Label widget. The greater th
Page 842 and 843: PFAs fits perfectly into a situatio
Page 844 and 845: Lines 3033 These lines represent ou
Page 846 and 847: 71 def doLS(self, ev=None): 72 erro
Page 848 and 849: Line-by-Line Explanation Lines 15 T
Page 850 and 851: The last pieces of code in listdir.
Page 852 and 853: Things are different once we start
Page 854 and 855: Our second example uses the Python
Page 856 and 857: Lines 537 Here we instantiate a Fra
Page 858 and 859: our primary widgets. This is exactl
Page 860 and 861: Qt/KDE-Related Modules PyQt Python
Page 862 and 863: 19-9. Multithreaded Chat Applicatio
Page 864 and 865: 20.1. Introduction This introductor
Page 866 and 867: As you can see from the figure, the
Page 868 and 869: net_loc can be broken down into sev
Page 870 and 871: urlunparse(urltup) Unparses a tuple
Page 872 and 873: urlretrieve(urlstr, localfile=None,
Page 874 and 875: 87 if eachLink not in self.q: 88 se
Page 878 and 879: (). This code was inspired by Mike
Page 880 and 881: parse the newly downloaded page and
Page 882 and 883: 20.4. CGI: Helping Web Servers Proc
Page 884 and 885: Finally, as you can probably guess,
Page 886 and 887: This HTML file presents a form to t
Page 888 and 889: Example 20.4. Results Screen CGI co
Page 890 and 891: Both friends.html and friends1.py a
Page 892 and 893: The other reason for creating actio
Page 894 and 895: 12 ERROR 13 %s 14 16 ''' 17 18 def
Page 896 and 897: link with all the existing informat
Page 898 and 899: Now the user is able to make change
Page 900 and 901: This script outputs Unicode strings
Page 902 and 903: When more than one checkbox is subm
Page 904 and 905: Figure 20-16. Submitting our advanc
Page 906 and 907: Figure 20-17. Results page generate
Page 908 and 909: This script has one main class that
Page 910 and 911: 113 MAXBYTES = 1024 114 langlist =
Page 912 and 913: all the information and sends the f
Page 914 and 915: 20.8. Web (HTTP) Servers Until now,
Page 916 and 917: 33 main() This server subclasses Ba
Page 918 and 919: [b] Interface to the non-validating
Page 920 and 921: 20.10. Exercises 20-1. urllib Modul
Page 922 and 923: 20-19. Electronic Commerce Engine.
Page 924 and 925: Chapter 21. Database Programming Ch
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When you query a database, you can
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Python world. As a software enginee
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This string (not float) indicates t
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DatabaseError Database error DataEr
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callproc( func[, args]) Call a stor
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● http://python.org/topics/databa
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cur.execute("INSERT INTO users VALU
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'', None, '{pgsql=C*T*/pgsql}'] ['t
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23 24 if db == 'sqlite': 25 try: 26
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140 db = setup() 141 print '*** Con
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whereas Gadfly does not, so rows ha
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21.3. Object-Relational Managers (O
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54 def insert(self): 55 d = [dict(z
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44 def create(self): 45 Users = sel
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the rows from the database and pret
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The code works something like this:
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We hope that we have provided you w
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adodbapi http://adodbapi.sf.net Syb
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Chapter 22. Extending Python Chapte
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● Added/extra (non-Python) functi
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The following code represents our l
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usr/include/python2.x, where the "2
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} res = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i",
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PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords() with
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$ python setup.py build running bui
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1 #include 2 #include 3 #include
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after its reference count has decre
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22.3. Related Topics SWIG There is
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22.4. Exercises 22-1. Extending Pyt
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23.1. Web Services There are many W
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The field names are given in the or
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23.2. Programming Microsoft Office
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This script launches Excel and writ
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23.2.3. Microsoft Word The next dem
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Applying PowerPoint in an applicati
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This script launches Outlook, creat
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Then when you are trying to send a
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Lines 113 We import all of the attr
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23.3. Python and Java Programming w
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Example 23.8. Swing "Hello World" i
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23.4. Exercises Web Services 23-1.
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23-15. Excel Cell Formatting. In th
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23-21. Python and Jython. Find a Py
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Chapter 22 Chapter 23
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or print i, s[i] for i, x in enumer
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Chapter 4 1. Python objects All Pyt
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When i % 2 == 0, it's even (divisib
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Chapter 7 1. Dictionary methods dic
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Chapter 8 3. range() built-in funct
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Chapter 10 1. Raising exceptions e)
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Chapter 12 2. Importing attributes
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Chapter 14 1. Callable objects Func
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9. Python floats [0-9]+(\.[0-9]*)?
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Chapter 17 20. Identifiers pass is
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Chapter 19 1. Client/server archite
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Chapter 21 1. Extending Python ●
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Chapter 23 3. Web services and the
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Python Keywords Table B.1 lists Pyt
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[a] Boolean comparisons return eith
Page 1045 and 1046:
% Modulo/remainder • • • •
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isnumeric() • isspace() • istit
Page 1049 and 1050:
String Format Operator Conversion S
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- Use left justification + Use a pl
Page 1053 and 1054:
string.isdigit() [b] [c] Returns tr
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List Type Built-in Methods In Table
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[c] New in Python 2.3. [d] New in P
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s.copy() Copy operation: return (sh
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[d] Encoding that this file useswhe
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OverflowError Calculation exceeded
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[i] Warning about FutureWarning con
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[a] Get attribute; getattr() built-
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__radd__, or __iadd__. [f] New in P
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= • • • • • • • •
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Index [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E]
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| (pipe symbol) 2nd 3rd |= (pipe eq
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arguments class methods command-lin
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Page 1082 and 1083:
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instance attributes vs. methods mod
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compound statements concatenation (
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copy( ) creating 2nd dict( ) exact
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sys module try statement with multi
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float( ) built-in function 2nd floa
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eturn values standard type 2nd vari
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grouping 2nd groups( ) method GTK+
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Page 1107 and 1108:
installing Python instance attribut
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through files iterators about any n
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list( ) built-in function 2nd list(
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for re module group(s) invoking 2nd
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modulus operator MRO [See method re
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and OOP classic classes vs. descrip
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intersection update ( &= ) key-look
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PyQt PyQtGPL Pyrex Python Enhanceme
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tuple elements/tuples repetition li
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for statement used with keys for 2n
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about as original Internet protocol
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ules for suites static data static
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subtraction ( - ) operator suites 2
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definition of examples exiting glob
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categorizing standard function to c
Page 1147:
Universal NEWLINE Support (UNS) 2nd
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Page 1152 and 1153:
wxGlade wxPython 2nd 3rd wxWidgets
Page 1154 and 1155:
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