Manual on Compliance with and Enforcement of Multilateral ...

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10 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ....................................... 279 The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) ............................................................................... 279 UNESCO World Heritage Convention .................................................... 279 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) ........... 280 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) .................................................................... 280 Regional Conventions ............................................................................ 280 Coordination among Conventions .......................................................... 281 UNDP Study on Synergies among the Rio Conventions .......................... 284 Coordination between Global and Regional Agreements ........................ 285 Chapter II Enforcement of MEAs ................................................................... 287 A. Background on Enforcement.............................................................................. 289 Introduction, Purpose, and Scope of the Enforcement Chapter .................... 289 Importance of Environmental Enforcement Programmes ......................... 290 Definitions Used in the Enforcement Chapter .............................................. 294 Environmental Crime .............................................................................. 294 B. National Approaches to Environmental Implementation and Enforcement ....... 299 Environmental Management Tools To Implement MEAs................................ 299 Legal Tools .............................................................................................. 299 Economic Tools ...................................................................................... 301 Voluntary Tools ....................................................................................... 302 Information-Based Tools ......................................................................... 302 Putting the Tools Together ....................................................................... 304 Focusing on the Regulated Community .................................................. 304 Rationales Underlying Environmental Management Tools ....................... 306 Framing An Environmental Regime ......................................................... 307 C. National Laws and Regulations .......................................................................... 315 Methods for Incorporating International Environmental Law into National Law .......................................................................................... 315 Adaptively Developing Implementing Legislation ................................... 316 Process for Developing Implementing Laws .......................................... 316 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Proposed Environmental Laws and Regulations ............................................................................. 321 Assistance in Developing Environmental Laws ....................................... 323 National Environmental Action Plans (NEAPs) and Other Planning Processes ....................................................................... 334 Other Issues ............................................................................................ 336 Clarity and Notice in Environmental Laws and Regulations ........................ 337 Feasibility of Environmental Laws and Regulations ...................................... 342 Economic Considerations: ...................................................................... 342 Technological Considerations: ................................................................ 344 Size of the Regulated Community........................................................... 344 Comprehensive Environmental Laws and Regulations with Appropriate Penalties ................................................................................... 346 Who is Liable? ........................................................................................ 347 Administrative, Civil, and Criminal Penalties .......................................... 348 Monetary Fines ....................................................................................... 349 Official Admonitions .............................................................................. 354 Publicity ................................................................................................. 354 manUal On COmPlianCe WiTH anD enFOrCemenT OF meas
Education ............................................................................................... 354 Suspension and Cancellation of a Permit ................................................ 354 Closing a Facility and Suspending Activities ........................................... 354 Denial of Government Funding .............................................................. 355 Retention and Seizure............................................................................. 356 Corrective and Other Injunctive Measures .............................................. 356 Individual Criminal Liability – Imprisonment and Other Penalties .......... 357 Other Resources ..................................................................................... 370 D. Institutional Frameworks ................................................................................... 371 Designation of Responsibilities for Enforcement ........................................... 373 Environmental Prosecutor Offices ........................................................... 374 Designation of Responsibilities for Monitoring and Evaluation ..................... 378 The Vocabulary of Compliance Monitoring ............................................ 378 Designation of Responsibilities for Collecting, Reporting, and Analysing Data..................................................................... 384 Approaches to Information Gathering ..................................................... 384 Designation of Responsibilities for Public Awareness and Education ........... 391 Institutional Frameworks to Control Import and Export ............................... 400 Clear Authority for Enforcement Bodies ...................................................... 405 Considerations in the Hiring, Functioning, and Development of Inspectors ..................................................................... 406 Fairness and Consistency in Enforcement Processes ..................................... 411 Guidelines and <strong>Manual</strong>s to Promote Fair and Effective Enforcement ...... 411 Criteria for Enforcement Priorities ............................................................... 416 National Environmental Crime Units ........................................................... 418 Economic Instruments to Promote Compliance ............................................ 421 Fees ........................................................................................................ 421 Tax Incentives ......................................................................................... 421 Pollution Taxes ...................................................................................... 421 Subsidies ................................................................................................ 421 Facility or Operator Bonuses ................................................................. 421 Promotion Points. ................................................................................... 421 Ecotourism ............................................................................................ 422 Emissions Trading Programmes ............................................................. 422 Creative Financing Arrangements ........................................................... 422 Environmental Taxes and Levies .................................................................. 445 Certification Systems .................................................................................... 448 Public Access to Judicial Procedures ............................................................ 455 Public Participation and Access to Justice in Canada .............................. 457 Access to Justice in Mexico .................................................................... 457 What is “standing” or “locus standi”? ......................................................... 459 Standing in Australia ............................................................................... 460 Standing in Kenya ................................................................................... 460 Public Access to Environmental Information ................................................ 463 Uganda’s National Environmental Information Centre. ......................... 468 Canada: The Ontario Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR). ....................... 468 Processes for Public Participation ................................................................. 472 Public Participation in Projects .............................................................. 472 Public Participation in Projects – Environmental Impact Assessment ....... 474 Public Participation in Developing Legislation ........................................ 477 Public Participation in the Development of Plans and Programmes ........ 478 Public Participation in Implementing MEAs ............................................ 482 Public Participation in Enforcement ........................................................ 484 General Approaches to Public Participation ............................................ 488 Informing all Governmental Bodies of Environmental Actions ..................... 494 Table of Contents • Preliminaries 11
Page 1: Manual on Complian
Page 6 and 7: UNEP promotes environmentally frien
Page 8 and 9: UNEP is particularly grateful to th
Page 10 and 11: Summary of Contents Acknowledgments
Page 12 and 13: Embrace Specific Approaches to Enco
Page 16 and 17: 12 Media Actions to Highlight Envir
Page 19 and 20: Foreword After decades of developin
Page 21 and 22: How To Use This Manual</str
Page 23 and 24: Once a person is familiar with the
Page 25 and 26: Albania Antigua and Barbuda Argenti
Page 27 and 28: Tutorial on How to Use the manual T
Page 29 and 30: seen — are used almost entirely a
Page 31 and 32: development; assistance in developi
Page 33 and 34: Introduction This Manual</s
Page 35 and 36: text of the Guidelines are provided
Page 37 and 38: Chapter I touches upon the preparat
Page 39 and 40: (c) capable of being monitored effe
Page 41 and 42: additional case studies, highlighte
Page 45: Chapter I Compliance With MEAs COmP
Page 48 and 49: CH I Assessing Benefits and Costs o
Page 50 and 51: CH I States have developed a range
Page 52 and 53: CH I cost-beneFit anaLysis oF ratiF
Page 54 and 55: CH I an MEA is relevant to the Stat
Page 56 and 57: CH I tion (due to trade, habitat lo
Page 58 and 59: CH I What does it mean to be a “P
Page 60 and 61: CH I n the length of time it takes
Page 62 and 63: CH I 4 Additional Materials on MEAs
Page 64 and 65:
CH I - A The brief introductory sec
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CH I - B Accordingly, one basic way
Page 68 and 69:
CH I - B ˛ CHECKLIST FOR STEPS TO
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CH I - B Funding and the particular
Page 72 and 73:
CH I - B eu coordination oF member
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CH I - B 0 the unFccc exPerience in
Page 76 and 77:
CH I - B Workshops on Compliance [1
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CH I - B regionaL workshoPs in asia
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CH I - B A number of States have es
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CH I - B sri Lanka’s environmenta
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CH I - B 0 kazakhstan’s aPProach
Page 86 and 87:
CH I - B 2 cameroon’s Process For
Page 88 and 89:
CH I - B \ [33(f)] [34(h)] [40] [41
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CH I - B Additional Resources on Sy
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CH I - C by consensus). Various com
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CH I - C 0 n before negotiations, a
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CH I - C ˛ CHECKLIST FOR STRATEGIE
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CH I - C ˛ Checklist for steps to
Page 100 and 101:
CH I - C Negotiating blocs can vary
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CH I - C These agreements can foste
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CH I - C Financial Mechanisms to Fa
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CH I - C NASA photo 102 UNeCe: loNg
Page 108 and 109:
CH I - C Differentiated obligations
Page 110 and 111:
CH I - C 106 AMeNdMeNts ANd AdjUstM
Page 112 and 113:
CH I - C Ensure Transparency and Pa
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CH I - C Public Participation in th
Page 116 and 117:
CH I - C Researching Domestic Impli
Page 118 and 119:
CH I - C Sustainability Impact Asse
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CH I - C 116 information in order t
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CH I - C An Overview of Compliance-
Page 124 and 125:
CH I - C National Implementation Pl
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CH I - C 122 CoUNtry progrAMMes (Cp
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CH I - C 124 developiNg A desertifi
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CH I - C National Implementation Pl
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CH I - C 128 NAtioNAl AdAptAtioN pr
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CH I - C Where limited resources me
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CH I - C 132 fUNdiNg for reportiNg
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CH I - C 134 NAtioNAl reportiNg thr
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CH I - C 136 review of NAtioNAl rep
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CH I - C NASA Visible Earth photo O
Page 144 and 145:
CH I - C A Survey of Monitoring and
Page 146 and 147:
CH I - C 142 MoNitoriNg ANd reporti
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CH I - C Compliance Mechanisms [14]
Page 150 and 151:
CH I - C The Montreux Record: A Reg
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CH I - C Compliance Mechanisms in V
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
CH I - C Compliance Mechanisms in R
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CH I - C ˛ CHECKLIST FOR COMPLIANC
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CH I - C Review of the Effectivenes
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CH I - C 160 Ad hoC opeN-eNded work
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CH I - C Reviewing Implementation o
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CH I - C 164 the Cites review of si
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CH I - C UNECE Compliance Mechanism
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CH I - C 168 developMeNt of A CoMpl
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CH I - C 170 lAw of the seA triBUNA
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CH I - C 172 iNterNAtioNAl CoUrt of
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CH I - C 174 strAtegiC Use of iNter
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CH I - C ˛ CHECKLIST FOR INTERNATI
Page 182 and 183:
CH I - C 178 MANUAL ON COMPLIANCE W
Page 184 and 185:
CH I - D ˛ CHECKLIST FOR RATIFICAT
Page 186 and 187:
CH I - D instances, states are enco
Page 188 and 189:
CH I - D 184 ivory Coast’s ProCes
Page 190 and 191:
CH I - D Implementing Laws and Regu
Page 192 and 193:
CH I - D As a practical matter, the
Page 194 and 195:
CH I - D 190 develoPinG a national
Page 196 and 197:
CH I - D ˛ CheCKlIst for DeveloPIN
Page 198 and 199:
CH I - D Enforcement Programmes and
Page 200 and 201:
CH I - D Designate National Focal P
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CH I - D One of the challenges of h
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CH I - D 200 Coordination of mea fo
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CH I - D ˛ CheCKlIst for foCal PoI
Page 208 and 209:
CH I - D Involve Stakeholders, Loca
Page 210 and 211:
CH I - D thetic medicines). Many or
Page 212 and 213:
CH I - D Capacity Building and Tech
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CH I - D 210 Bali strateGiC Plan fo
Page 216 and 217:
CH I - D 212 CaPaCity BuildinG thro
Page 218 and 219:
CH I - D approaches for financial a
Page 220 and 221:
CH I - D 216 imProvinG reGional Coo
Page 222 and 223:
CH I - D financial mechanisms for I
Page 224 and 225:
CH I - D technology transfer activi
Page 226 and 227:
CH I - D the green Customs Initiati
Page 228 and 229:
CH I - E It is true of all global a
Page 230 and 231:
CH I - E National Coordinating Comm
Page 232 and 233:
CH I - E UNfCCC and the Kyoto Proto
Page 234 and 235:
CH I - E Capacity Building and Tech
Page 236 and 237:
CH I - E regional environmental Cen
Page 238 and 239:
CH I - E global Initiatives to shar
Page 240 and 241:
CH I - E In addition to global netw
Page 242 and 243:
CH I - E 238 PaCifiC reGional envir
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CH I - E regional Networks and sout
Page 246 and 247:
CH I - E 4 Other Regional Networks
Page 248 and 249:
CH I - E Review of Effectiveness of
Page 250 and 251:
CH I - E 246 • CITES Identificati
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CH I - E 248 http://www.unep.fr/ozo
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CH I - E For the Espoo Convention (
Page 256 and 257:
CH I - E 252 Guidelines, manual, an
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CH I - E 254 leGislative GuidanCe t
Page 260 and 261:
CH I - E legislative guidance to Im
Page 262 and 263:
CH I - E 258 reGional PlanninG for
Page 264 and 265:
CH I - E 260 aCtion Plan of the env
Page 266 and 267:
CH I - E 262 PreParinG a reGional s
Page 268 and 269:
CH I - E framework Convention on th
Page 270 and 271:
CH I - E Increasing Awareness of ME
Page 272 and 273:
CH I - E 268 PromotinG imPlementati
Page 274 and 275:
CH I - E tiatives to promote synerg
Page 276 and 277:
CH I - E Most of these measures are
Page 278 and 279:
CH I - E governs the disposal of ol
Page 280 and 281:
CH I - E 276 Joint liaison GrouP fo
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CH I - E UNU handbook and Workshops
Page 284 and 285:
CH I - E synergies between the rams
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CH I - E 282 uneP/wCmC ProJeCt on h
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CH I - E 284 strateGiC aPProaCh to
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CH I - E 4 Additional Resources On
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CHP II 288 MANUAL ON COMPLIANCE WIT
Page 294 and 295:
CH II - A the Guidelines also ackno
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CH II - A most extensive requiremen
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CH II - A Definitions Used in the E
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CH II - A 296 oecD englIsh-russIan
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CH II - A 298 MANUAL ON COMPLIANCE
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CH II - B of developing environment
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CH II - B 302 n Offset approaches.
Page 308 and 309:
CH II - B Putting the Tools Togethe
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CH II - B Additional Resources On C
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CH II - B 4 Additional Resources On
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CH II - B 310 License Suspension Cr
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CH II - B 4 312 Additional Resource
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CH II - B ˛ CHECKLIST FOR ESTABLIS
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CH II - C Adaptively Developing Imp
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CH II - C Laws may be drafted by: 3
Page 324 and 325:
CH II - C 320 DevelopIng a fraMewor
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CH II - C 322 Issue-baseD MoDules t
Page 328 and 329:
CH II - C 324 cost estIMates In roM
Page 330 and 331:
CH II - C Regulatory Impact Assessm
Page 332 and 333:
CH II - C Limitations of Cost-Benef
Page 334 and 335:
CH II - C the political process of
Page 336 and 337:
CH II - C Partnership Project for t
Page 338 and 339:
CH II - C 334 consultants to facIlI
Page 340 and 341:
CH II - C 336 f) Realistic strategi
Page 342 and 343:
CH II - C 338 IncorporatIng Meas In
Page 344 and 345:
CH II - C Checklist For Developing
Page 346 and 347:
CH II - C The Guidelines recognise
Page 348 and 349:
CH II - C Technological Considerati
Page 350 and 351:
CH II - C Comprehensive Environment
Page 352 and 353:
CH II - C and employees who violate
Page 354 and 355:
CH II - C by the central government
Page 356 and 357:
CH II - C As discussed above, fines
Page 358 and 359:
CH II - C Valuation Studies” foll
Page 360 and 361:
CH II - C The lists are shared with
Page 362 and 363:
CH II - C 358 sanctIons for non-coM
Page 364 and 365:
CH II - C Brazil’s Environmental
Page 366 and 367:
CH II - C 362 coMpounDIng of penalt
Page 368 and 369:
CH II - C Sanctions for Environment
Page 370 and 371:
CH II - C Penalties for Environment
Page 372 and 373:
CH II - C Assessing and Valuing Dam
Page 374 and 375:
CH II - C 4 Additional Resources On
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CH II - D 372 (i) Access of the pub
Page 378 and 379:
CH II - D Jamaica’s Natural Resou
Page 380 and 381:
CH II - D 376 vertical Designation
Page 382 and 383:
CH II - D Designation of Responsibi
Page 384 and 385:
CH II - D 380 participatory managem
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CH II - D Landsat Image Remote sens
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
CH II - D 386 inDian government env
Page 392 and 393:
CH II - D Use of Affidavits in Arge
Page 394 and 395:
CH II - D 390 brazil’s participat
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Page 398 and 399:
CH II - D Although initially consid
Page 400 and 401:
CH II - D 396 specialiseD environme
Page 402 and 403:
CH II - D 398 cameroon’s eFForts
Page 404 and 405:
CH II - D Institutional Frameworks
Page 406 and 407:
CH II - D A survey of some National
Page 408 and 409:
CH II - D ˛ CheCklist of oPtioNs f
Page 410 and 411:
CH II - D 406 Julian Newman/EIA Ind
Page 412 and 413:
CH II - D 408 inspection powers in
Page 414 and 415:
CH II - D ˛ CheCklist foR tyPes of
Page 416 and 417:
CH II - D In addition to the case s
Page 418 and 419:
CH II - D 414 guyana’s compliance
Page 420 and 421:
CH II - D Criteria for Enforcement
Page 422 and 423:
CH II - D National Environmental Cr
Page 424 and 425:
CH II - D \ [41(k)] 420 Some States
Page 426 and 427:
CH II - D Ecotourism Another way to
Page 428 and 429:
CH II - D economic mechanisms in as
Page 430 and 431:
CH II - D 426 ECotoUriSm in KEnyA B
Page 432 and 433:
CH II - D economic instruments in B
Page 434 and 435:
CH II - D Usepa’s economic instru
Page 436 and 437:
CH II - D 432 gEorgiA’S rEnEwAblE
Page 438 and 439:
CH II - D Uganda’s national envir
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CH II - D environmental funds in Bu
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CH II - D eeCCa environmental funds
Page 444 and 445:
CH II - D 440 zimbAbwE’S CArbon t
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CH II - D environment funds in the
Page 448 and 449:
CH II - D 444 thE gAmbiA’S Enviro
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CH II - D 4 Additional Resources On
Page 452 and 453:
CH II - D Certification Systems [41
Page 454 and 455:
CH II - D assist in raising awarene
Page 456 and 457:
CH II - D 452 iSo 14000 The Interna
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CH II - D environmental self-auditi
Page 460 and 461:
CH II - D 456 A zAmbiAn girlS SChoo
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CH II - D 458 CitizEn SUitS in thE
Page 464 and 465:
CH II - D standing for a Ukrainian
Page 466 and 467:
CH II - D 4 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ON
Page 468 and 469:
CH II - D legal requirements for ac
Page 470 and 471:
CH II - D public access to informat
Page 472 and 473:
CH II - D macedonia’s public rela
Page 474 and 475:
CH II - D freedom of access to envi
Page 476 and 477:
CH II - D Processes for Public Part
Page 478 and 479:
CH II - D Public Participation in P
Page 480 and 481:
CH II - D 4 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ON
Page 482 and 483:
CH II - D 478 CitizEnS SUbmiSSion o
Page 484 and 485:
CH II - D romania’s experience wi
Page 486 and 487:
CH II - D 4 IIED, An Activist Appro
Page 488 and 489:
CH II - D 4 Additional Resources On
Page 490 and 491:
CH II - D 486 tElEPhonE “hotlinES
Page 492 and 493:
CH II - D General Approaches to Pub
Page 494 and 495:
CH II - D 490 thE PhiliPPinES: StAK
Page 496 and 497:
CH II - D evolution of public parti
Page 498 and 499:
CH II - D Informing all Governmenta
Page 500 and 501:
CH II - D 496 Use of the Media to e
Page 502 and 503:
CH II - D 498 canada’s environMen
Page 504 and 505:
CH II - D National Capacity Self-As
Page 506 and 507:
CH II - D Armenia’s National Capa
Page 508 and 509:
CH II - D 504 consolidation of legi
Page 510 and 511:
CH II - D 506 aUstralia’s special
Page 512 and 513:
CH II - D Guyana’s Environmental
Page 514 and 515:
CH II - D 4 Additional Resources on
Page 516 and 517:
CH II - D 512 nigeria’s institUti
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CH II - D Burkina Faso’s Conferen
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CH II - D 516 institUtional coordin
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CH II - D Inter-Agency Coordination
Page 524 and 525:
CH II - D © USDA Mauritius’ Envi
Page 526 and 527:
CH II - D Improving Institutional C
Page 528 and 529:
CH II - D National/Sub-national Rel
Page 530 and 531:
CH II - D Implementing MEAs in the
Page 532 and 533:
CH II - D Coordination with NGOs an
Page 534 and 535:
CH II - D 530 pUBlic involveMent in
Page 536 and 537:
CH II - D 532 cooperative efforts i
Page 538 and 539:
CH II - D 534 pUBlic-private Manage
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CH II - D Participatory Mapping and
Page 542 and 543:
CH II - D 538 ecotoUrisM concession
Page 544 and 545:
CH II - D 4 Additional Resources on
Page 546 and 547:
CH II - D H.M. Revenue and Customs
Page 548 and 549:
CH II - D Strengthening the Capacit
Page 550 and 551:
CH II - D “Training” in this se
Page 552 and 553:
CH II - D In addition to the case s
Page 554 and 555:
CH II - D Uganda’s Casebook and H
Page 556 and 557:
CH II - D Degree and Certificate Co
Page 558 and 559:
CH II - D Short Courses to Assist I
Page 560 and 561:
CH II - D 556 the cUstoMs technical
Page 562 and 563:
CH II - D 558 BUilding capacity to
Page 564 and 565:
CH II - D Capacity Development to I
Page 566 and 567:
CH II - D The National Forest Polic
Page 568 and 569:
CH II - D 564 roManian legal provis
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CH II - D Environmental education a
Page 572 and 573:
CH II - D 568 capacity bUilDiNg for
Page 574 and 575:
CH II - D The Aarhus Convention and
Page 576 and 577:
CH II - D 572 makiNg meaS acceSSibl
Page 578 and 579:
CH II - D Other Approaches for Educ
Page 580 and 581:
CH II - D Sustainable Environmental
Page 582 and 583:
CH II - D 578 romaNia’S iNformati
Page 584 and 585:
CH II - D Environmental Calendar an
Page 586 and 587:
CH II - D ˛ ChECKLIST FoR PRoMoTIN
Page 588 and 589:
CH II - D 584 the bUyer beware camp
Page 590 and 591:
CH II - D Celebrities in Media Camp
Page 592 and 593:
CH II - D Focusing Environmental Aw
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CH II - D 590 eDUcatiNg local commU
Page 596 and 597:
CH II - D Environmental Education i
Page 598 and 599:
CH II - D New York’s high School
Page 600 and 601:
CH II - D Bahamas: Youth Education
Page 602 and 603:
CH II - D Youth Initiative in Seych
Page 604 and 605:
CH II - D Youth and Sustainable Con
Page 606 and 607:
CH II - D 602 baraNgay yoUth coUNci
Page 608 and 609:
CH II - D Educational Campaigns for
Page 610 and 611:
CH II - E ˛ CHECKLIST for DEVELoPI
Page 612 and 613:
CH II - E 608 • Environmental law
Page 614 and 615:
CH II - E 610 The NorTh AmericAN Ag
Page 616 and 617:
CH II - E 612 hArmoNisATioN of eNvi
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CH II - E Cooperation in Judicial P
Page 620 and 621:
CH II - E 616 The europeAN uNioN (e
Page 622 and 623:
CH II - E The European Judicial Net
Page 624 and 625:
CH II - E Adequate, effective, and
Page 626 and 627:
CH II - E Channels of Communication
Page 628 and 629:
CH II - E at which national weaknes
Page 630 and 631:
CH II - E 626 JoiNT Air QuAliTy moN
Page 632 and 633:
CH II - E Macedonian and Albanian C
Page 634 and 635:
CH II - E 630 ciTes Tigers DATAbAse
Page 636 and 637:
CH II - E Technology, Expertise, an
Page 638 and 639:
CH II - E Prior Informed Consent (c
Page 640 and 641:
CH II - E Transborder Communication
Page 642 and 643:
CH II - E Allocation of Adequate Re
Page 644 and 645:
CH II - E Jordan), South Caucasus,
Page 646 and 647:
CH II - E For example: 642 • UN G
Page 648 and 649:
CH II - E 644 The Aims proJecT iN s
Page 650 and 651:
CH II - E 646 oecD guiDiNg priNcipl
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CH II - E Transboundary EIA Guideli
Page 654 and 655:
CH II - E Regional Centres and Work
Page 656 and 657:
CH II - E regional Environmental Co
Page 658 and 659:
CH II - E 654 iNTerpol TrAiNiNg cou
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CH II - E The International Network
Page 663:
Annexes • ANNEXES 659 ANNEXES
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ANNEX - I A. Purpose 6. The purpose
Page 668 and 669:
ANNEX - I 664 multilateral environm
Page 670 and 671:
ANNEX - I 666 7. Dispute settlement
Page 672 and 673:
ANNEX - I 668 2. Capacity-building
Page 674 and 675:
ANNEX - I II. GUIDELINES FOR NATION
Page 676 and 677:
ANNEX - I 672 verification and prov
Page 678 and 679:
ANNEX - I 674 technology for promot
Page 680 and 681:
ANNEX - I 676 of illegal shipments
Page 682 and 683:
ANNEX - II endorsed by the UNEP GC
Page 684 and 685:
ANNEX - III Finally, to find out wh
Page 686 and 687:
ANNEX - IV They developed a respons
Page 688 and 689:
ANNEX - IV agency as it pertains to
Page 690 and 691:
ANNEX - IV 4 Additional Resources F
Page 692 and 693:
ANNEX - V • Division of Policy De
Page 694 and 695:
ANNEX - V • International Environ
Page 696 and 697:
ANNEX - V • Secretariat of the St
Page 698 and 699:
ANNEX - V International NGOs, Netwo
Page 700 and 701:
ANNEX - V World Wide Fund for Natur
Page 702 and 703:
ANNEX - VI Edith Brown Weiss & Haro
Page 704 and 705:
ANNEX - VI Nicholas A. Robinson, Co
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Annex VII Selected Internet Resourc
Page 709 and 710:
General Internet Resources for MEAs
Page 711:
Web Sites with Specific Publication
Page 714 and 715:
ANNEX - VIII Vanuatu, Yemen, and Za
Page 716 and 717:
ANNEX - IX BERCEN: Balkan Environme
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ANNEX - IX DECRG: (World Bank’s)
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ANNEX - IX GAAm: Environmental Asse
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ANNEX - IX LDC: Least developed cou
Page 724 and 725:
ANNEX - IX NIPAS: (Philippines) Nat
Page 726 and 727:
ANNEX - IX RPPN: Private Natural He
Page 728 and 729:
ANNEX - IX USEPA: U.S. Environmenta
Page 730 and 731:
ANNEX - X A Aarhus Convention ABS A
Page 732 and 733:
ANNEX - X Ad referendum Advanced In
Page 734 and 735:
ANNEX - X Approval ASCOBANS ASEAN A
Page 736 and 737:
ANNEX - X Biodiversity Biodiversity
Page 738 and 739:
ANNEX - X C Capacity building Carbo
Page 740 and 741:
ANNEX - X CITES Clean Development M
Page 742 and 743:
ANNEX - X Consensus Contact group C
Page 744 and 745:
ANNEX - X D DCPI DEC Decision Decis
Page 746 and 747:
ANNEX - X EC Economic Instruments E
Page 748 and 749:
ANNEX - X ETIS EU EUROBATS European
Page 750 and 751:
ANNEX - X Framework convention Frie
Page 752 and 753:
ANNEX - X Global Biodiversity Forum
Page 754 and 755:
ANNEX - X H Habitat Hard law Hazard
Page 756 and 757:
ANNEX - X IFI IIFB ILO IMF IMO Impl
Page 758 and 759:
ANNEX - X International Indigenous
Page 760 and 761:
ANNEX - X IWC J Jakarta Mandate JI
Page 762 and 763:
ANNEX - X LMO London Convention LRT
Page 764 and 765:
ANNEX - X Memorandum of Understandi
Page 766 and 767:
ANNEX - X NAP NAPA National Communi
Page 768 and 769:
ANNEX - X Obligation clauses/ provi
Page 770 and 771:
ANNEX - X Party Patent PCA Permanen
Page 772 and 773:
ANNEX - X Preambular paragraphs Pre
Page 774 and 775:
ANNEX - X Ramsar Site Range State R
Page 776 and 777:
ANNEX - X Rio Conference Rio Conven
Page 778 and 779:
ANNEX - X SBSTTA Scale of assessmen
Page 780 and 781:
ANNEX - X Soft law Sound management
Page 782 and 783:
ANNEX - X Stockholm Conference Stoc
Page 784 and 785:
ANNEX - X To give the floor To seek
Page 786 and 787:
ANNEX - X UN/ESCWA or ESCWA Unanimi
Page 788 and 789:
ANNEX - X UNWTO UPOV USG V Verbatim
Page 790 and 791:
ANNEX - X WHYCOS WIPO Wise use WMO
Page 792 and 793:
ANNEX - X 4 Additional resources on
Page 794 and 795:
ANNEX - XI Model Document of Access
Page 796:
ANNEX - XI Additional Resources On
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